scholarly journals Effects of Intracerebroventricular Administration of Neuropeptide Y on Metabolic Gene Expression and Energy Metabolism in Male Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (8) ◽  
pp. 3070-3085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Su ◽  
Ewout Foppen ◽  
Eric Fliers ◽  
Andries Kalsbeek
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Different Tissues

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an important neurotransmitter in the control of energy metabolism. Several studies have shown that obesity is associated with increased levels of NPY in the hypothalamus. We hypothesized that the central release of NPY has coordinated and integrated effects on energy metabolism in different tissues, resulting in increased energy storage and decreased energy expenditure (EE). We first investigated the acute effects of an intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of NPY on gene expression in liver, brown adipose tissue, soleus muscle, and sc and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT). We found increased expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis and triglyceride secretion in the liver already 2-hour after the start of the NPY administration. In brown adipose tissue, the expression of thermogenic genes was decreased. In sc WAT, the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis was increased, whereas in soleus muscle, the expression of lipolytic genes was decreased after ICV NPY. These findings indicate that the ICV infusion of NPY acutely and simultaneously increases lipogenesis and decreases lipolysis in different tissues. Subsequently, we investigated the acute effects of ICV NPY on locomotor activity, respiratory exchange ratio, EE, and body temperature. The ICV infusion of NPY increased locomotor activity, body temperature, and EE as well as respiratory exchange ratio. Together, these results show that an acutely increased central availability of NPY results in a shift of metabolism towards lipid storage and an increased use of carbohydrates, while at the same time increasing activity, EE, and body temperature.

scholarly journals Administration of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus of Male Rats Mimics the Metabolic Cold Defense Response

2018 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Zhang ◽  
Frederico Machado ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Charlotte A. Heinen ◽  
Ewout Foppen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Background: Cold exposure increases thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) expression primarily in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). The PVN is a well-known hypothalamic hub in the control of energy metabolism. TRH terminals and receptors are found on PVN neurons. We hypothesized that TRH release in the PVN plays an important role in the control of thermogenesis and energy mobilization during cold exposure. Methods: Male Wistar rats were exposed to a cold environment (4°C) or TRH retrodialysis in the PVN for 2 h. We compared the effects of cold exposure and TRH administration in the PVN on plasma glucose, corticosterone, and thyroid hormone concentrations, body temperature, locomotor activity, as well as metabolic gene expression in the liver and brown adipose tissue. Results: Cold exposure increased body temperature, locomotor activity, and plasma corticosterone concentrations, but blood glucose concentrations were similar to that of room temperature control animals. TRH administration in the PVN also promptly increased body temperature, locomotor activity and plasma corticosterone concentrations. However, TRH administration in the PVN markedly increased blood glucose concentrations and endogenous glucose production (EGP) compared to saline controls. Selective hepatic sympathetic or parasympathetic denervation reduced the TRH-induced increase in glucose concentrations and EGP. Gene expression data indicated increased gluconeogenesis in liver and lipolysis in brown adipose tissue, both after cold exposure and TRH administration. Conclusions: We conclude that TRH administration in the rat PVN largely mimics the metabolic and behavioral changes induced by cold exposure indicating a potential link between TRH release in the PVN and cold defense.

scholarly journals A Mix of Natural Bioactive Compounds Reduces Fat Accumulation and Modulates Gene Expression in the Adipose Tissue of Obese Rats Fed a Cafeteria Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3251
Author(s):  
Albert Gibert-Ramos ◽  
Miguel Z. Martín-González ◽  
Anna Crescenti ◽  
M. Josepa Salvadó
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
The Individual

Scientists are focusing on bioactive ingredients to counteract obesity. We evaluated whether a mix containing grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), anthocyanins, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and chicken feet hydrolysate (CFH) could reduce body fat mass and also determined which mechanisms in the white adipose tissue (WAT) and the brown adipose tissue (BAT) were affected by the treatment. The mix or vehicle (VH) were administered for three weeks to obese rats fed a cafeteria (CAF) diet. Biometric measures, indirect calorimetry, and gene expression in WAT and BAT were analyzed as was the histology of the inguinal WAT (IWAT). The individual compounds were also tested in the 3T3-L1 cell line. The mix treatment resulted in a significant 15% reduction in fat (25.01 ± 0.91 g) compared to VH treatment (21.19 ± 1.59 g), and the calorimetry results indicated a significant increase in energy expenditure and fat oxidation. We observed a significant downregulation of Fasn mRNA and an upregulation of Atgl and Hsl mRNA in adipose depots in the group treated with the mix. The IWAT showed a tendency of reduction in the number of adipocytes, although no differences in the total adipocyte area were found. GSPE and anthocyanins modulated the lipid content and downregulated the gene and protein levels of Fasn compared to the untreated group in 3T3-L1 cells. In conclusion, this mix is a promising treatment against obesity, reducing the WAT of obese rats fed a CAF diet, increasing energy expenditure and fat oxidation, and modifying the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism of the adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Analysis of Environmental Temperature and High-Fat Diet-Induced Changes in Mouse Supraclavicular Brown Adipose Tissue

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1370
Author(s):  
Yufeng Shi ◽  
Honglei Zhai ◽  
Sharon John ◽  
Yi-Ting Shen ◽  
Yali Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Nutrient Processing ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Attractive Therapeutic Target

Obesity, a dysregulation of adipose tissue, is a major health risk factor associated with many diseases. Brown adipose tissue (BAT)-mediated thermogenesis can potentially regulate energy expenditure, making it an attractive therapeutic target to combat obesity. Here, we characterize the effects of cold exposure, thermoneutrality, and high-fat diet (HFD) feeding on mouse supraclavicular BAT (scBAT) morphology and BAT-associated gene expression compared to other adipose depots, including the interscapular BAT (iBAT). scBAT was as sensitive to cold induced thermogenesis as iBAT and showed reduced thermogenic effect under thermoneutrality. While both scBAT and iBAT are sensitive to cold, the expression of genes involved in nutrient processing is different. The scBAT also showed less depot weight gain and more single-lipid adipocytes, while the expression of BAT thermogenic genes, such as Ucp1, remained similar or increased more under our HFD feeding regime at ambient and thermoneutral temperatures than iBAT. Together, these findings show that, in addition to its anatomical resemblance to human scBAT, mouse scBAT possesses thermogenic features distinct from those of other adipose depots. Lastly, this study also characterizes a previously unknown mouse deep neck BAT (dnBAT) depot that exhibits similar thermogenic characteristics as scBAT under cold exposure and thermoneutrality.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Profiling Reveals That Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Activation Has Coordinate Effects on Gene Expression in Multiple Insulin-Sensitive Tissues

Endocrinology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 1269-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Way ◽  
W. Wallace Harrington ◽  
Kathleen K. Brown ◽  
William K. Gottschalk ◽  
Scott S. Sundseth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pparγ Agonists

Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists, including the glitazone class of drugs, are insulin sensitizers that reduce glucose and lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To more fully understand the molecular mechanisms underlying their therapeutic actions, we have characterized the effects of the potent, tyrosine-based PPARγ ligand GW1929 on serum glucose and lipid parameters and gene expression in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. In time-course studies, GW1929 treatment decreased circulating FFA levels before reducing glucose and triglyceride levels. We used a comprehensive and unbiased messenger RNA profiling technique to identify genes regulated either directly or indirectly by PPARγ in epididymal white adipose tissue, interscapular brown adipose tissue, liver, and soleus skeletal muscle. PPARγ activation stimulated the expression of a large number of genes involved in lipogenesis and fatty acid metabolism in both white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue. In muscle, PPARγ agonist treatment decreased the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4, which represses oxidative glucose metabolism, and also decreased the expression of genes involved in fatty acid transport and oxidation. These changes suggest a molecular basis for PPARγ-mediated increases in glucose utilization in muscle. In liver, PPARγ activation coordinately decreased the expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis. We conclude from these studies that the antidiabetic actions of PPARγ agonists are probably the consequence of 1) their effects on FFA levels, and 2), their coordinate effects on gene expression in multiple insulin-sensitive tissues.

scholarly journals PGC-1β-expressing POMC neurons mediate the effect of leptin on thermoregulation in the mouse

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Delezie ◽  
Jonathan F. Gill ◽  
Gesa Santos ◽  
Bettina Karrer-Cardel ◽  
Christoph Handschin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Locomotor Behavior ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Brown Adipose

Abstract The arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus is a key regulator of food intake, brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, and locomotor activity. Whole-body deficiency of the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1β (PGC-1β) disrupts mouse circadian locomotor activity and BAT-regulated thermogenesis, in association with altered gene expression at the central level. We examined whether PGC-1β expression in the ARC is required for proper energy balance and locomotor behavior by generating mice lacking the PGC-1β gene specifically in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. POMC neuron-specific deletion of PGC-1β did not impact locomotor behavior, food intake, body composition, energy fuel utilization and metabolic rate in fed, 24-h fasted and 24-h refed conditions. In contrast, in the fed state, deletion of PGC-1β in POMC cells elevated core body temperature during the nighttime period. Importantly, this higher body temperature is not associated with changes in BAT function and gene expression. Conversely, we provide evidence that mice lacking PGC-1β in POMC neurons are more sensitive to the effect of leptin on heat dissipation. Our data indicate that PGC-1β-expressing POMC neurons are part of a circuit controlling body temperature homeostasis and that PGC-1β function in these neurons is involved in the thermoregulatory effect of leptin.

scholarly journals Evidence for increased thermogenesis in female C57BL/6J mice housed aboard the international space station

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen P. Wong ◽  
Urszula T. Iwaniec ◽  
Russell T. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
International Space ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Differential Expression Of Genes ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis

AbstractSixteen-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were sacrificed aboard the International Space Station after 37 days of flight (RR-1 mission) and frozen carcasses returned to Earth. RNA was isolated from interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) and gonadal white adipose tissue (WAT). Spaceflight resulted in differential expression of genes in BAT consistent with increased non-shivering thermogenesis and differential expression of genes in WAT consistent with increased glucose uptake and metabolism, adipogenesis, and β-oxidation.

scholarly journals Regulation of gene expression by FSP27 in white and brown adipose tissue

BMC Genomics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 446 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Li ◽  
Yinxin Zhang ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Linkang Zhou ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Brown Adipose

scholarly journals Assessing the Contribution of Relative Macrophage Frequencies to Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianthi Kalafati ◽  
Michael Lenz ◽  
Gökhan Ertaylan ◽  
Ilja C. W. Arts ◽  
Chris T. Evelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Cell Type Composition ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue Cell ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Background: Macrophages play an important role in regulating adipose tissue function, while their frequencies in adipose tissue vary between individuals. Adipose tissue infiltration by high frequencies of macrophages has been linked to changes in adipokine levels and low-grade inflammation, frequently associated with the progression of obesity. The objective of this project was to assess the contribution of relative macrophage frequencies to the overall subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression using publicly available datasets.Methods: Seven publicly available microarray gene expression datasets from human subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies (n = 519) were used together with TissueDecoder to determine the adipose tissue cell-type composition of each sample. We divided the subjects in four groups based on their relative macrophage frequencies. Differential gene expression analysis between the high and low relative macrophage frequencies groups was performed, adjusting for sex and study. Finally, biological processes were identified using pathway enrichment and network analysis.Results: We observed lower frequencies of adipocytes and higher frequencies of adipose stem cells in individuals characterized by high macrophage frequencies. We additionally studied whether, within subcutaneous adipose tissue, interindividual differences in the relative frequencies of macrophages were reflected in transcriptional differences in metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Adipose tissue of individuals with high macrophage frequencies had a higher expression of genes involved in complement activation, chemotaxis, focal adhesion, and oxidative stress. Similarly, we observed a lower expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and oxidation and mitochondrial respiration.Conclusion: We present an approach that combines publicly available subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression datasets with a deconvolution algorithm to calculate subcutaneous adipose tissue cell-type composition. The results showed the expected increased inflammation gene expression profile accompanied by decreased gene expression in pathways related to lipid metabolism and mitochondrial respiration in subcutaneous adipose tissue in individuals characterized by high macrophage frequencies. This approach demonstrates the hidden strength of reusing publicly available data to gain cell-type-specific insights into adipose tissue function.

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