scholarly journals Insulin Resistance, Hyperinsulinemia, and LH: Relative Roles in Peripubertal Obesity-Associated Hyperandrogenemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (7) ◽  
pp. 2571-2582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M Burt Solorzano ◽  
Karen L Knudsen ◽  
Amy D Anderson ◽  
Eleanor G Hutchens ◽  
Jessicah S Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Steroidogenic Cell ◽  
Free Testosterone Level

Abstract Context Peripubertal obesity is associated with variable hyperandrogenemia, but precise mechanisms remain unclear. Objective To assess insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and LH roles in peripubertal obesity–associated hyperandrogenemia. Design Cross-sectional analysis. Setting Academic clinical research unit. Participants Eleven obese (body mass index for age ≥95%) peripubertal girls. Intervention Blood samples were taken during a mixed-meal tolerance test (1900 to 2100), overnight (2100 to 0700), while fasting (0700 to 0900), and during an 80 mU/m2/min hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (0900 to 1100). Main Outcome Measures The dependent variable was morning free testosterone level; independent variables were insulin sensitivity index (ISI), estimated 24-hour insulin, and estimated 24-hour LH levels. Results All participants demonstrated insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. ISI, but not estimated 24-hour insulin level, correlated positively with morning free testosterone level when correcting for estimated 24-hour LH level and Tanner stage (rs = 0.68, P = 0.046). The correlation between estimated 24-hour LH and free testosterone levels approached significance after adjusting for estimated 24-hour insulin level and Tanner stage (rs = 0.63, P = 0.067). Estimated 24-hour insulin level did not correlate with free testosterone level after adjusting for estimated 24-hour LH level and Tanner stage (rs = 0.47, P = 0.20). Conclusion In insulin-resistant obese girls with hyperinsulinemia, free testosterone levels correlated positively with insulin sensitivity and, likely, circulating LH concentrations but not with circulating insulin levels. In the setting of relatively uniform hyperinsulinemia, variable steroidogenic-cell insulin sensitivity may correlate with metabolic insulin sensitivity and contribute to variable free testosterone concentrations.

Free Testosterone Level And Quality of Cauda Epididymis Sperm of Local Rabbit That Given Commercial Feed Supplemented By Cod Fish Liver Oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ni Gusti Ayu Manik Ermayanti ◽  
I Gusti Lanang Oka ◽  
I Gede Mahardika ◽  
I Putu Suyadnya
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Fish Liver ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Free Testosterone Level ◽  
Range Test

This study was intended to determine the free testosterone levels and sperm quality of local rabbit that was given commercial feed supplemented cod fish liver oil.  The experiment design that was used in this research was Complete Random Design (CRD) with four experiments of feed, i.e. commercial feed without cod fish liver oil (R-0) as control, commercial feed + 1,5% cod fish liver oil (R-1), commercial feed + cod fish liver oil 3% (R-2), commercial feed + cod fish liver oil 4,5% (R-3). The each experiment included eight rabbits and feed experiment was given starting by 13 weeks to 26 weeks years old. The variable that observed was free testosterone level and sperm quality of local rabbit. The data that was obtained to be analyzed with One Way Anova and if its contrast was done more test with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result of this research was to show that supplementation of cod fish liver oil in commercial feed was to show the result that a real distinction of (P<0, 05) towards free testosterone level and sperm quality of local rabbit.

Low Free Testosterone Level Predicts Frailty in Older Men. The Health in Men Study.

2010 ◽  
pp. OR17-3-OR17-3
Author(s):  
Z Hyde ◽  
L Flicker ◽  
OP Almeida ◽  
GJ Hankey ◽  
K McCaul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Free Testosterone Level

P–050 The effectiveness of the platelet-rich plasma treatment of men with severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Somova ◽  
H Ivanova ◽  
N Sotnyk ◽  
K Kovalenko ◽  
I Feskova
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Free Testosterone Level

Abstract Study question To evaluate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) testicular injections on spermogram parameters of men with severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT). Summary answer The PRP testicular injections have beneficial effects on spermatogenesis and enhance sperm concentration and motility in infertile men with OAT. What is known already The use of PRP therapy in assisted reproductive technologies is debatable. Despite the recent evidence of its positive effects in promoting endometrial and follicular growth, data from clinical studies are limited. There are only a few papers on the effectiveness of PRP therapy in the treatment of male infertility and sexual dysfunction. In more detail, the influence of PRP on spermatogenesis was carried out only on experimental animals. Although the mechanisms of its action have not yet been clarified, it is assumed that PRP, containing many biologically active molecules, realizes its effect through the tissue regeneration and cell proliferation. Study design, size, duration This prospective study included 68 men (34.6±5.2) years old with severe OAT (≤4 million/ml, motility ≤30%, normal sperm morphology ≤1%) receiving hormonal and antioxidant (AO) therapy during 6 months before in vitro fertilization cycles. 33 of them were injected once with autologous PRP (0.5 ml in each testicle). Spermogram and testosterone level were analyzed before the treatment and in 3, 4 and 6 months after it. Participants/materials, setting, methods: Sperm concentration, motility and morphology in ejaculate of 33 men of PRP group were compared with those in the group of 35 men without PRP within 6 months of starting the treatment. Total and free testosterone level were measured in blood serum. PRP was prepared by centrifuging the patient’s own blood in the anticoagulant-containing tubes. The final concentration of platelets in the obtained sample was 950.000 – 1.250 000 cells in 1 ml. Main results and the role of chance 4 months after the PRP injection, sperm concentration and motility increased in 18 of 33 men of the PRP group compared with the baseline (before the treatment) – 4.2 (1.0; 6.9) vs 1.4 (0.1; 3.4) mln/ml (p &lt; 0.05) and 36.7 (30.6; 45.8) vs 17.7 (6.7; 28.2)% respectively (p &lt; 0.05).The maximum increase in sperm motility (but not in sperm concentration!) was observed in 24 men in 6 months – 49.6 (39.6; 56.4)% (p &lt; 0.05). Percent of morphologically normal spermatozoa in ejaculate slightly increased only in 12 men in that time period from 0–1% to 1–2%. The total testosterone level was 2.4 times higher than the baseline (31.6±7.2 vs 13.2±4.3 nmol/l, p &lt; 0.05), the free testosterone level was 1.8 times higher (14.5±3.5 vs 7.9±3.0 pgl/ml, p &lt; 0.05). Unlike the PRP group, in the group of men without PRP treatment, the sperm parameters did not changed compared with the baseline in 4 months after the starting hormonal and AO treatment. A significant increase of sperin concentration was observed only in 17 of 35 patients in 6 months. Sperm motility and percent of morphologically normal spermatozoa after the treatment did not differ from the baseline. Changes in the testosterone levels were similar to changes in PRP group. Limitations, reasons for caution Only young and middle-aged men were considered in the study. Large randomized controlled studies are required to confirm the PRP therapy efficacy and safety of f various fertility disorders. There are also no standardized protocols for PRP preparation. Wider implications of the findings: PRP therapy may have great potential for the treatment of male infertility and improving spermatogenesis. Optimization of methods of PRP preparation and dosage of testicular injections can enhance reproductive outcomes in assisted reproductive technologies. Trial registration number Not applicable

scholarly journals Diosgenin and Its Fenugreek Based Biological Matrix Affect Insulin Resistance and Anabolic Hormones in a Rat Based Insulin Resistance Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Kiss ◽  
Georgina Pesti-Asbóth ◽  
Mária Magdolna Szarvas ◽  
László Stündl ◽  
Zoltán Cziáky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Severe Side Effect ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Anabolic Hormones ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Fenugreek Seed ◽  
Resistance Model

Fenugreek is known since ancient times as a traditional herbal medicine of its multiple beneficial effects. Fenugreek’s most studied and employed effect is its hypoglycemic property, but it can also be useful for the treatment of certain thyroid disorders or for the treatment of anorexia. The regulation of glucose homeostasis is a complex mechanism, dependent on the interaction of different types of hormones and neurotransmitters or other compounds. For the study of how diosgenin and fenugreek seeds modify insulin sensitivity, we used a rat insulin resistance model induced by high-fat diet. Diosgenin in three different doses (1mg/bwkg, 10mg/bwkg, and 50 mg/bwkg, respectively) and fenugreek seed (0.2 g/bwkg) were administered orally for 6 weeks. Insulin sensitivity was determined by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp method. Our research group found that although glucose infusion rate was not significantly modified in either group, the increased insulin sensitivity index and high metabolic clearance rate of insulin found in the 1 mg/kg diosgenin and the fenugreek seed treated group suggested an improved peripheral insulin sensitivity. Results from the 10 mg/kg diosgenin group, however, suggest a marked insulin resistance. Fenugreek seed therapy results on the investigated anabolic hormones support the theory that, besides insulin and gastrointestinal peptides, the hypothalamic-hypopituitary axis regulated hormones synchronized action with IGF-1 also play an important role in the maintaining of normal glucose levels. Both diosgenin and fenugreek seeds are capable of interacting with substrates of the above-mentioned regulatory mechanisms, inducing serious hormonal disorders. Moreover, fenugreek seeds showed the ability to reduce the thyroid hormone levels at the periphery and to modify the T4/T3 ratio. It means that in healthy people this effect could be considered a severe side effect; however, in hypothyroidism this effect represents a possibility of alternative natural therapy.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Children and Adolescents with Metabolically Healthy Obesity: Role of Insulin Sensitivity

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Vinciguerra ◽  
Andrea Tumminia ◽  
Roberto Baratta ◽  
Alfredo Ferro ◽  
Salvatore Alaimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Obesity represents a major risk factor for metabolic disorders, but some individuals, “metabolically healthy” (MHO), show less clinical evidence of these complications, in contrast to “metabolically unhealthy” (MUO) individuals. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to assess the prevalence of the MHO phenotype in a cohort of 246 overweight/obese Italian children and adolescents, and to evaluate their characteristics and the role of insulin resistance. Homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), insulinogenic index (IGI) and disposition index (DI) were all calculated from the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). MHO was defined by either: (1) HOMA-IR < 2.5 (MHO-IRes), or (2) absence of the criteria for metabolic syndrome (MHO-MetS). The MHO prevalence, according to MHO-MetS or MHO-IRes criteria, was 37.4% and 15.8%, respectively. ISI was the strongest predictor of the MHO phenotype, independently associated with both MHO-IRes and MHO-MetS. The MHO-MetS group was further subdivided into insulin sensitive or insulin resistant on the basis of HOMA-IR (either < or ≥ 2.5). Insulin sensitive MHO-MetS patients had a better metabolic profile compared to both insulin resistant MHO-MetS and MUO-MetS individuals. These data underscore the relevance of insulin sensitivity to identifying, among young individuals with overweight/obesity, the ones who have a more favorable metabolic phenotype.

scholarly journals The association of hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance with incident depressive symptoms over 4 years of follow-up: The Maastricht Study

Diabetologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2315-2328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk F. J. Geraets ◽  
Sebastian Köhler ◽  
Rutendo Muzambi ◽  
Casper G. Schalkwijk ◽  
Anke Oenema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Skin Autofluorescence ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Depression is twice as common in individuals with type 2 diabetes as in the general population. However, it remains unclear whether hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance are directly involved in the aetiology of depression. Therefore, we investigated the association of markers of hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance, measured as continuous variables, with incident depressive symptoms over 4 years of follow-up. Methods We used data from the longitudinal population-based Maastricht Study (n = 2848; mean age 59.9 ± 8.1 years, 48.8% women, 265 incident depression cases, 10,932 person-years of follow-up). We assessed hyperglycaemia by fasting and 2 h post-load OGTT glucose levels, HbA1c and skin autofluorescence (reflecting AGEs) at baseline. We used the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index and HOMA-IR to calculate insulin resistance at baseline. Depressive symptoms (nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire score ≥10) were assessed at baseline and annually over 4 years. We used Cox regression analyses, and adjusted for demographic, cardiovascular and lifestyle risk factors. Results Fasting plasma glucose, 2 h post-load glucose and HbA1c levels were associated with an increased risk for incident depressive symptoms after full adjustment (HR 1.20 [95% CI 1.08, 1.33]; HR 1.25 [1.08, 1.44]; and HR 1.22 [1.09, 1.37] per SD, respectively), while skin autofluorescence, insulin sensitivity index and HOMA-IR were not (HR 0.99 [0.86, 1.13]; HR 1.02 [0.85, 1.25]; and HR 0.93 [0.81, 1.08], per SD, respectively). Conclusions/interpretation The observed temporal association between hyperglycaemia and incident depressive symptoms in this study supports the presence of a mechanistic link between hyperglycaemia and the development of depressive symptoms.

Women at altitude: short-term exposure to hypoxia and/or α1-adrenergic blockade reduces insulin sensitivity

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 623-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Braun ◽  
Paul B. Rock ◽  
Stacy Zamudio ◽  
Gene E. Wolfel ◽  
Robert S. Mazzeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Plasma Epinephrine ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonist

After short-term exposure to high altitude (HA), men appear to be less sensitive to insulin than at sea level (SL). We hypothesized that the same would be true in women, that reduced insulin sensitivity would be directly related to the rise in plasma epinephrine concentrations at altitude, and that the addition of α-adrenergic blockade would potentiate the reduction. To test the hypotheses, 12 women consumed a high-carbohydrate meal at SL and after 16 h at simulated 4,300-m elevation (HA). Subjects were studied twice at each elevation: once with prazosin (Prz), an α1-adrenergic antagonist, and once with placebo (Pla). Mathematical models were used to assess insulin resistance based on fasting [homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)] and postprandial [composite model insulin sensitivity index (C-ISI)] glucose and insulin concentrations. Relative to SL-Pla (HOMA-IR: 1.86 ± 0.35), insulin resistance was greater in HA-Pla (3.00 ± 0.45; P < 0.05), SL-Prz (3.46 ± 0.51; P < 0.01), and HA-Prz (2.82 ± 0.43; P < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity was reduced in HA-Pla (C-ISI: 4.41 ± 1.03; P < 0.01), SL-Prz (5.73 ± 1.01; P < 0.05), and HA-Prz (4.18 ± 0.99; P < 0.01) relative to SL-Pla (8.02 ± 0.92). Plasma epinephrine was significantly elevated in HA-Pla (0.57 ± 0.08 ng/ml; P < 0.01), SL-Prz (0.42 ± 0.07; P < 0.05), and HA-Prz (0.82 ± 0.07; P < 0.01) relative to SL-Pla (0.28 ± 0.04), but correlations with HOMA-IR, HOMA-β-cell function, and C-ISI were weak. In women, short-term exposure to simulated HA reduced insulin sensitivity compared with SL. The change does not appear to be directly mediated by a concurrent rise in plasma epinephrine concentrations.

Analysis of candidate genes in Polish families with obesity

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Malczewska-Malec ◽  
Iwona Wybranska ◽  
Iwona Leszczynska-Golabek ◽  
Lukasz Partyka ◽  
Jadwiga Hartwich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

AbstractThis study analyzes the relationship between risk factors related to overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, lipid tolerance, hypertension, endothelial function and genetic polymorphisms associated with: i) appetite regulation (leptin, melanocortin-3-receptor (MCR-3), dopamine receptor 2 (D2R)); ii) adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γThe 122 members of 40 obese Caucasian families from southern Poland participated in the study. The genotypes were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) or by direct sequencing. Phenotypes related to obesity (body mass index (BMI), fat/lean body mass composition, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)), fasting lipids, glucose, leptin and insulin, as well as insulin during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (4 points within 2 hours) and during oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT) (5 points within 8 hours) were assessed. The insulin sensitivity indexes: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, whole body insulin sensitivity index, hepatic insulin sensitivity and early secretory response to an oral glucose load (HOMA-IR, ISI-COMP, ISI-HOMA and DELTA) were calculated.The single gene mutations such as CWe conclude that the polymorphisms we investigated were weakly correlated with obesity but significantly modified the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome.

Sex-dependent nutritional programming: fish oil intake during early pregnancy in rats reduces age-dependent insulin resistance in male, but not female, offspring

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (4) ◽  
pp. R313-R320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima L. C. Sardinha ◽  
Flavia S. Fernandes ◽  
Maria G. Tavares do Carmo ◽  
Emilio Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Model Assessment

Prenatal and early postnatal nutritional status may predispose offspring to impaired glucose tolerance and changes in insulin sensitivity in adult life. The long-term consequences of changes in maternal dietary fatty acid composition were determined in rats. From day 1 until day 12 of pregnancy, rats were given isocaloric diets containing 9% nonvitamin fat based on soybean, olive, fish (FO), linseed, or palm oil. Thereafter, they were maintained on the standard diet; offspring were studied at different ages. Body weight at 4, 8, and 12 mo and lumbar adipose tissue and liver weights at 12 mo did not differ between females on the different diets, whereas in males the corresponding values were all lower in the offspring from the FO group compared with the other dietary groups. Plasma glucose concentrations (both basal and after an oral glucose load) did not change with sex or dietary group, but plasma insulin concentrations were lower in females than in males and, in males, were lowest in the FO group. Similar relations were found with both the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity index. In conclusion, the intake of more n–3 fatty acids (FO diet) during early pregnancy reduced both fat accretion and age-related decline in insulin sensitivity in male offspring but not in females. It is proposed that the lower adiposity caused by the increased n–3 fatty acids during the intrauterine life was responsible of the lower insulin resistance in male offspring.

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