scholarly journals MON-LB106 The Effect of the Ketogenic Diet on Aldosterone Over 6 Weeks

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A Belany ◽  
Songzhu Zhao ◽  
Bjoern Kluwe ◽  
Madison Kackley ◽  
Alex Buga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Scatter Plots ◽  
Reference Weight ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction: A ketogenic diet improves type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Weight loss studies using caloric reduction have demonstrated a decrease in aldosterone, but there is limited data on the effect of a ketogenic diet on aldosterone. Thus, we evaluated the impact of a ketogenic diet on aldosterone in overweight or obese individuals over 6 weeks. Methods: This 3-arm prospective controlled feeding study evaluated aldosterone and renin concentrations over 6 weeks on a hypocaloric (25% energy restricted) ketogenic diet + placebo (KD+PL), ketogenic diet + ketone salt supplement (KD+KS), and a low-fat diet (LFD). Sodium intake consisted of 6100 mg, 2300 mg, and 2000 mg for the KD+KS, KD+PL, and LFD groups, respectively. Both ketogenic diets provided 40 grams(g) day of carbohydrates, 1.5 g/kg reference weight of protein and remaining calories provided as fat. The LFD provided 25% total fat, 1.5 g/kg reference weight of protein, and 100g of carbohydrates. Serum aldosterone was drawn fasting in upright position at 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Scatter plots were used to explore the residual and predicted associations between aldosterone with other measures after accounting for time and group effect.Results: Twenty-four participants in the ketogenic diet groups were matched for age and body mass index, then randomized to either the KD+PL or KD+KS group. A separate group of 12 matched participants were specifically recruited for the LFD group. The median age was 33 years. Weight decreased 6, 8, and 7 kg on average in the KD+KS, KD+PL, and LFD groups, respectively, over 6 weeks (p<0.05 for all). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) improved from 117 and 115 mmHg in the KD+KS and KD+PL groups to 110 mmHg over 6 weeks while the baseline mean SBP 118 in the LF group did not change. Baseline mean aldosterone of 13.6 and 13.6 ng/dL in the KD+KS and KD+PL groups increased to 33.3 and 27.3 ng/dL over 6 weeks (p<0.001). Baseline mean aldosterone of 8 ng/dL in the LF group non-significantly changed to 11.5 ng/dL over 6 weeks (p>0.05). Using predicted value associations, increases in ketones were positively associated with higher aldosterone (R2=0.86; p<0.001). Conclusion: Participants on a ketogenic diet had significantly elevated aldosterone levels throughout the study while participants on low fat diet had little change. Unexpectedly, aldosterone was significantly higher in the high sodium vs. low sodium ketogenic diet. There was a significant association between ketones and aldosterone suggesting that ketones may play a stimulatory role on aldosterone synthesis or secretion.

scholarly journals Comparing the Keyto App and Device with Weight Watchers’ WW App for Weight Loss: Protocol for a Randomized Trial

10.2196/19053 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e19053
Author(s):  
Sean R Locke ◽  
Kaja Falkenhain ◽  
Dylan A Lowe ◽  
Terry Lee ◽  
Joel Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Weight Watchers ◽  
The Impact

Background Obesity and being overweight are major contributing factors for many diseases. Calorie restricted diets often fail to result in sustained long-term weight loss. Very low–carbohydrate, high-fat ketogenic diets have been suggested to have superior metabolic and weight loss effects. Keyto is a low-cost, highly scalable mobile health (mHealth) app paired with a noninvasive biofeedback tool aimed at facilitating weight loss through a personalized healthy and predominantly plant- and fish-based ketogenic diet. Objective This protocol describes a randomized trial comparing the efficacy of the Keyto mHealth app and device intervention to that of Weight Watchers’ WW app in individuals who are overweight or obese. The primary outcome is weight loss after 12 weeks. Secondary and exploratory outcomes, including metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors, will be assessed at 12, 24, and 48 weeks. Methods A total of 144 participants will be recruited and randomized to either the Keyto program or Weight Watchers program. Study participants will be guided through the study via video conference or phone calls and will undergo a fasting blood analysis performed by a third-party diagnostic lab at weeks 0 and 12 to assess metabolic and cardiovascular risk markers. All participants will be asked to weigh themselves daily on a study-provided Bluetooth-enabled scale. Participants randomized to the Keyto arm will also be asked to measure their breath acetone levels, a measure of ketosis, with the Keyto device 3 times per day. Results Recruitment started in December 2019. Rolling recruitment is expected to be completed by July 2020. Data collection and analysis of the primary intervention phase is expected to be completed in October 2020. The 24- and 48-week follow-ups are expected to be completed in January 2021 and July 2021, respectively. Conclusions This trial will provide high-quality evidence regarding the efficacy of the Keyto weight loss program in individuals who are overweight and obese in a free-living condition. This study also fills a gap by examining the impact of a ketogenic diet emphasizing plant- and fish-based fats on blood lipid profile and cardiovascular disease risk. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04165707; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04165707. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/19053

High-sodium intake prevents pregnancy-induced decrease of blood pressure in the rat

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (1) ◽  
pp. H375-H383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Beauséjour ◽  
Karine Auger ◽  
Jean St-Louis ◽  
Michèle Brochu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
The Impact

Despite an increase of circulatory volume and of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity, pregnancy is paradoxically accompanied by a decrease in blood pressure. We have reported that the decrease in blood pressure was maintained in pregnant rats despite overactivation of RAAS following reduction in sodium intake. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the opposite condition, e.g., decreased activation of RAAS during pregnancy in the rat. To do so, 0.9% or 1.8% NaCl in drinking water was given to nonpregnant and pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats for 7 days (last week of gestation). Increased sodium intakes (between 10- and 20-fold) produced reduction of plasma renin activity and aldosterone in both nonpregnant and pregnant rats. Systolic blood pressure was not affected in nonpregnant rats. However, in pregnant rats, 0.9% sodium supplement prevented the decreased blood pressure. Moreover, an increase of systolic blood pressure was obtained in pregnant rats receiving 1.8% NaCl. The 0.9% sodium supplement did not affect plasma and fetal parameters. However, 1.8% NaCl supplement has larger effects during gestation as shown by increased plasma sodium concentration, hematocrit level, negative water balance, proteinuria, and intrauterine growth restriction. With both sodium supplements, decreased AT1 mRNA levels in the kidney and in the placenta were observed. Our results showed that a high-sodium intake prevents the pregnancy-induced decrease of blood pressure in rats. Nonpregnant rats were able to maintain homeostasis but not the pregnant ones in response to sodium load. Furthermore, pregnant rats on a high-sodium intake (1.8% NaCl) showed some physiological responses that resemble manifestations observed in preeclampsia.

scholarly journals Serum fibroblast growth factor‐21 is responsive to a hypocaloric very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet but not a low fat diet

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana M Kawiecki ◽  
Daniel J Freidenreich ◽  
Erin E Quann ◽  
Cherise C Labonte ◽  
Michael J Puglisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

scholarly journals Dietary Intake of Sodium during Infancy and the Cardiovascular Consequences Later in Life: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
Nikki E. Emmerik ◽  
Femke de Jong ◽  
Ruurd M. van Elburg
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Taste Preference ◽  
Later Life ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
The Impact

Background: High sodium intake is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases in adults. Further, there is evidence that events in early life are predictors for health outcomes in later life. However, little is known about the impact of early sodium intake on (cardiovascular) health outcomes in later life. Summary: We performed a scoping review of 25 articles, including 11 review studies, 8 randomized controlled trials, 5 prospective cohort studies, and 1 retrospective cohort study, all describing the relationship between the amount of sodium intake during the first 6 months after birth and the health effects and/or risk to cardiovascular disease later in life. We divided the results into 2 different groups: human and animal studies. Key Messages: The results show that high sodium intake in the first 6 months after birth may lead to negative health effects such as higher blood pressure, due to factors like salty taste preference and alterations of the renal system. The findings of this study suggest that the amount of sodium in the diet of an infant in the first 6 months after birth may have an impact on cardiovascular health outcomes in later life.

A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-fat diet to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
W.S. Yancy ◽  
M.K. Olsen ◽  
J.R. Guyton ◽  
R.P. Bakst ◽  
E.C. Westman
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Diet Versus

scholarly journals Worldwide burden of gastric cancer in 2010 attributable to high sodium intake in 1990 and predicted attributable burden for 2030 based on exposures in 2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Peleteiro ◽  
Susana Barros ◽  
Clara Castro ◽  
Ana Ferro ◽  
Samantha Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Population Attributable Fractions ◽  
Attributable Fractions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prevention Approach ◽  
Very High

AbstractAssessing the impact that patterns of Na intake may have on gastric cancer will provide a more comprehensive estimation of Na reduction as a primary prevention approach. We aimed to estimate the proportion of gastric cancer cases that are attributable to Na intake above the recommendation by the WHO (≤2 g/d) throughout the world in 2010, as well as expected values for 2030. Population attributable fractions (PAF) were computed for 187 countries, using Na intakes in 1990 and 2010 and estimates of the association between Na intake and gastric cancer, assuming a time lag of 20 years. Median PAF ranged from 10·1% in low to 22·5 % in very high Human Development Index (HDI) countries in men (P<0·001) and from 7·2 to 16·6 %, respectively, among women (P<0·001). An increase in median PAF until 2030 is expected in most settings, except for countries classified as low HDI, in both sexes. High Na intakes account for a large proportion of gastric cancer cases, and proportions are expected to increase in almost all of the countries. Intensified efforts to diminish Na intake in virtually all populations are needed to further reduce gastric cancer burden.

Effect of sodium intake on phosphoinositides and inositol trisphosphate response to angiotensin II, K+ and ACTH in rat glomerulosa cells

1989 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Underwood ◽  
A. I. Menachery ◽  
G. H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Peak Response ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 4 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Cells

ABSTRACT To assess the impact of sodium intake on the adrenal phosphoinositide system, rats were maintained on a low or normal salt diet for 5 days, and glomerulosa cell preparations (2×105 cells) were stimulated by angiotensin II (AII; 10 nmol/l), potassium (K+; 8·7 mmol/l) or ACTH (0·1 nmol/l) for 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 15 and 60 s. Levels of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns 4-P), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns 4,5-P2) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins 1,4,5-P3)+inositol3) + inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate (Ins 1,3,4-P3) were assayed by a microspectrophotometric procedure. Non-stimulated levels of PtdIns, PtdIns 4-P, PtdIns 4,5-P2 and Ins 1,4,5-P3 (+Ins 1,3,4-P3) (means ± s.e.m.; n = 36) in cells from rats on the low Na+ intake were 580 ± 6·5, 187 ± 2·6, 82 ± 3 and 95 ± 1·2 pmoler incubate respectively, indistinguishable from those observed in rats on a normal Na+ intake, except for the significantly (P<0·025) greater Ptdlns 4,5-P2 level. In response to AII stimulation, all four compounds showed an earlier and greater peak response when cells were obtained from animals on a low rather than a high sodium intake. All values had returned to control levels by 12–15 s, regardless of the level of sodium intake. In contrast, with K+ stimulation there were no differences in the peak response of cells from rats on the two dietary intakes, but there was a shift of the peak to a longer time-interval (6 versus 8 s) in animals maintained on a low sodium intake. In addition, PtdIns 4,5-P2 did not return to control levels in cells obtained from animals on a low sodium intake. However, the most striking differences were observed in response to ACTH. In animals maintained on a normal sodium intake, there were no changes in any of the four compounds. In contrast, there was a sharp increase in all four substances in response to ACTH when the cells were obtained from animals on a low sodium intake, with peak levels occurring at 8 s, similar to that observed with potassium. Thus, changes in the response pattern of the phosphoinositides may mediate the altered adrenal responsiveness to AII and ACTH with sodium restriction. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 122, 371–377

scholarly journals Comparing the Efficacy of Ketogenic Diet with Low-Fat Diet for Weight Loss in Obesity Patients: Evidenc-Based Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Nurul Ratna Manikam ◽  
Nico I Pantoro ◽  
Karina Komala ◽  
Ayu Diandra Sari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction Obesity is a nutritional disease which is still a health burden particularly in Jakarta. The main treatment for obesity is nutritional intervention. Nowadays, several dietary approaches have been developed, including ketogenic diet, which is still controversial. Methods Literature search had been done within 4 databases including PubMed®, Cochrane®, Google® Scholar, and Science Direct®, using keywords: obesity, ketogenic diet, low-fat diet, and weight loss. Then, Medical Sub Heading (MeSH) was used. The search resulted in two articles which were appraised according to aspects of validity, importance, and applicability Results A randomized-controlled trial study showed similar effect of weight loss with ketogenic diet compared to low-fat diet. On the other hand, a meta-analysis study showed ketogenic diet caused more weight loss than low-fat diet. Both studies showed an increased risk of cardiovascular disease from the ketogenic diet group, which were shown by a decrease of flow-mediated dilatation and an increase of LDL-C. Conclusion Ketogenic diet shows a better long-term effect for weight loss in obese patients than low-fat diet. However, ketogenic diet may increase the cardiovascular event risk significantly.

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