scholarly journals Exaggerated Premature Adrenarche in Boys: Comparative Study of a Therapeutic Intervention With the Aromatase Inhibitor Anastrozole Versus Morning Low Dose Hydrocortisone

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A666-A667
Author(s):  
Dimitrios T Papadimitriou ◽  
Eleni Dermitzaki ◽  
Kleanthis Kleanthous ◽  
Anastasios Papadimitriou ◽  
George Mastorakos
Keyword(s):  
Aromatase Inhibitors ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Adult Height ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Premature Adrenarche ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: In boys, idiopathic premature adrenarche (IPA) is defined as the appearance of pubic or axillary hair/odor before the age of 9 yrs, not due to pathology of the adrenal glands. Exaggerated Adrenarche (EXAD), occurring in 10-15% of children with IPA, is characterized by an elevated >10 DHEA/Δ4 ratio (theoretically indicating reduced 3-β-HSD activity) and accelerated bone age (BA) maturation, continuously increasing the projecting distance from the target height (TH) curve, beyond the one observed in the pattern of Constitutional Advancement of Growth (CAG), eventually leading to short stature (SS). It is traditionally successfully treated with a morning (6-8 am) low dose of hydrocortisone (8 mg/m2) in order to reduce the androgens produced and delay BA progression, similarly to the standard treatment of non-classical (late-onset) CAH. Third generation aromatase inhibitors (AI) have been shown to delay BA by inhibiting the peripheral aromatization of androgens and are being widely used off-label to treat short SS in boys. Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of the AI anastrozole in delaying BA in boys with EXAD. Methods: 39 boys with advanced BA and a predicted adult height (PAH) <170cm and > -1SDS from TH) were included. Group-A (n=28) received anastrozole 1mg x 1 p.o. and group-B (n=11) low dose (8 mg/m2) hydrocortisone at 6-8 am for at least 3 yrs. All measurements were made on the same height meter by the same examiner. The two groups did not differ in terms of age at intervention onset: 8.6 in group A vs 8.74 yrs in group B, TH: 175.7 vs 175.7 cm, PAH: 168.4 vs 167.8 cm and BA advancement: +2.3 yrs in group A vs +2.4 yrs in group B. A 6-month follow-up included clinical examination, BA assessment, and laboratory tests (general blood, lipid chart, LH, FSH, TESTO, E2, E1, and complete calcium metabolism). Lumbar spine DEXA scan and X-Ray was performed on an annual basis. Results: Both groups had a statistically significant gain in PAH after 3yrs of treatment: Group A +10.3 cm (1.53 SD), p<0.001, and group B +7.1 cm (1.06 SD), p=0.007. Thus, group A exceeded their TH by +3cm (0.45 SDS) and group B reached -0.8cm (-0.11 SDS) from their TH, p=0.03. The reduction of BA advancement was statistically significant in both groups (p<0.05), with superiority of the anastrozole-treated group: at 3yrs in group A BA advancement was +0.48 yrs, and at group B +1.24 yrs (p<0.001). No clinical adverse events or abnormal tests were noted in any of the groups. Bone density and vertebral morphology was not affected within or between groups. Conclusions: Aromatase Inhibitors may have a place in managing exaggerated adrenarche in boys, showing superiority to traditional low-dose hydrocortisone in improving predicted adult height and delaying bone age maturation, but notably by overcoming quality of life and compliance issues associated with hydrocortisone therapy (mandatory 6-8 am).

scholarly journals Anastrozole Improves Near Adult Height in Boys With Compromised Height Potential, as Monotherapy or in Combination With a GnRH Analogue

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A673-A673
Author(s):  
Dimitrios T Papadimitriou ◽  
Eleni Dermitzaki ◽  
Maria Papagianni ◽  
Kleanthis Kleanthous ◽  
Anastasios Papadimitriou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Height ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Gnrh Analogue ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzyme ◽  
Bone Maturation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: Bone maturation depends mainly on locally produced estrogens by aromatization. Third generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are being widely used off-label to improve predicted adult height (PAH) in boys as well as in girls, either as monotherapy or in combination with growth hormone and/or puberty inhibition. They induce reverse binding inhibiting the activity of aromatase (a cytochrome P450 enzyme), which catalyzes the conversion of androstenedione and testosterone to estrone and estradiol, respectively. While numerous studies have shown that AIs delay bone maturation and improve PAH, data on near-adult height (NAH) of children treated with AIs are lacking. Aims: To compare results on NAH of boys treated with anastrozole either as monotherapy or in combination with pubertal inhibition (for at least 1yr at onset). Methods: 159 boys with advanced bone age (BA) and PAH <170 cm that received anastrozole 1 mg/day p.o. either as monotherapy (n=76, group A) or as co-therapy with a GnRH analogue for at least 1yr and then as monotherapy (n=83, group B) until bone age of 15-16 yrs were included. Data on boys that reached NAH (BA at least 16 yrs with height velocity <2 cm/yr) were analyzed: group A, n=16 with PAH 167.3 and TH 170.9 and group B, n=10 with PAH 165.5 and TH 171.7 cm. Measurements were made on the same height meter by the same examiner. The choice of therapeutic intervention was made randomly. Groups A and B did not differ in terms of age at intervention onset, TH or PAH. During treatment, they underwent a 6-month follow-up that included clinical examination, BA, and laboratory tests at 8:00 hrs (general blood count, lipid chart, LH, FSH, testosterone, estradiol, estrone, and complete calcium metabolism), with lumbar spine DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) and X-ray performed annually. Results: The duration of anastrozole treatment was 3.9 yrs in group A, and 4.6 yrs in group B (where the GnRHa was administered for at least 1 yr) and the median age at intervention onset was 11.04 and 11.8 yrs, respectively. Both groups had a statistically significant gain in NAH with no difference between them: for group A 3.6 cm (+0.53 SD, p=0.002) and for group B 4.8 cm (+0.71 SD, p=0.0007). Thus, distance from TH was finally 0 cm for group A and -1.5 cm (0.19 SD) for group B. According to the definition of NAH, the adult height of the two groups is expected to be about 2% higher. Follow-up showed no side effects on their biochemical or lipid profile, bone density and vertebral architecture. Conclusions: Anastrozole therapy is safe and effective in improving adult height in boys with advanced puberty and poor height prediction, either as monotherapy or in combination with pubertal inhibition.

scholarly journals OR15-05 Gain in Near Adult Height Using the Combination of an LHRH Analogue and an Aromatase Inhibitor in Early Maturing Girls with Compromised Growth. The “Gail” Study ISRCTN11469487

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios T Papadimitriou ◽  
Eleni Dermitzaki ◽  
Maria Papagianni ◽  
Kleanthis Kleanthous ◽  
George Mastorakos
Keyword(s):  
Adult Height ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Lhrh Analogue ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background. Third generation aromatase inhibitors (AI), as monotherapy, have never been used to increase predicted adult height in girls. Our previously published GAIL study has shown that the combination of anastrozole to an LHRH analogue for 24 months is safe and effective in ameliorating PAH in girls with early puberty +1.21 SDS (+7.51 cm) compared to inhibition of puberty alone +0.31 SDS (+1.92 cm), p=0.001 (1). Objective and Hypotheses. We assessed the final height of the girls who participated in the GAIL study compared to the predicted after 24 months of combined treatment and additionally the efficacy of anastrozole monotherapy after completion of the combined treatment in further improving final height. Methods. We measured adult (i.e. age 16.5 yrs) or near adult height (i.e. at bone age 14 yrs) of the 40 girls who participated in the GAIL study and were divided in two groups Group A (20 girls on anastrozole + leuprorelin) and Group B (20 girls on Leuprorelin alone). Group A was further randomized into two subgroups. Group A1 (10 girls), after completion of the combined therapy, received anastrozole 1 mg/day as monotherapy until bone age of 14 yrs with a 6-month follow-up. Group A2 (10 girls) had stopped the combined therapy at 24 months or 11 yrs of age and were recalled for adult (or near) height evaluation. Results. Adult or near adult height (NAH) exceeded the predicted at the completion of the initial phase of the GAIL study in all three groups but the result was statistically significant only in Group A1: NAH-PAH = Group A1: +3.85 cm (+0,62 SDS) p=0.001, Group A2: +1,6 cm (+0,26 SDS) p=0.26, Group B: +1,7 cm (+0,3 SDS) p = 0.09. Gain in Group A1 was significantly greater to that of Group A2 (p=0.046) and Group B (p=0.035). Conclusion. In early maturing girls with compromised growth, treatment for 2 yrs or until the age of 11 yrs with LHRH analogue plus anastrozole 1mg/day, the gain is +9.7cm in total when treated with anastrozole monotherapy until they reach NAH, whereas it is +7.4 cm if they do not continue with the monotherapy and only +3.6 cm when treated with an LHRHa only. As a result, the combination therapy continued with anastrozole monotherapy, ends in the shortest distance from target height. This implies that the addition of the anastrozole to an LHRHa apart from being safe, is effective in ameliorating substantially Near Adult Height making the intervention meaningful. Reference: (1) Papadimitriou DT, Dermitzaki E, Papagianni M, Papaioannou G, Papaevangelou V, Papadimitriou A. Anastrozole plus leuprorelin in early maturing girls with compromised growth: the “GAIL” study. Endocrinol Invest. 2016 Apr;39(4):439-46]

Height Increment and Laboratory Profile of Boys Treated With Aromatase Inhibitors With or Without Growth Hormone

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 778-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Pedrosa ◽  
Joice de Oliveira ◽  
Paula Thomé ◽  
Cristiane Kochi ◽  
Durval Damiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Aromatase Inhibitors ◽  
Adult Height ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Recombinant Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Height Loss ◽  
Retrospective Data Analysis ◽  
Height Gain

AbstractAromatase inhibitors (AIs) have been used to recover height loss due to their capacity to delay growth plate closure. Long-term studies describing final heights are needed to determine the efficacy and safety profiles of these drugs for the treatment of impaired growth. This study aims to identify the therapeutic efficiency of AIs in improve growth and to describe potential adverse effects during treatment. Retrospective data analysis of 96 adolescents, among which 22 patients already attained near-final height, were followed at outpatient clinics of two referral centers. Patients were all in puberty and present idiopathic decrease in predicted adult height. Patients were treated with Anastrozole (ANZ: 1 mg/day) or Letrozole (LTZ: 2.5 mg/day) with/without recombinant human growth hormone (0.05 mg/kg/day) for 1.0 to 3.5 years (2.1±1.2 years). Height gain, body mass index, lipid, liver enzyme, gonadotropins and testosterone levels were described before and at the end of treatment. Predicted adult height (PAH) and NF height were compared with the TH. The height SDS (adjusted to bone age) significantly increased (p<0.05) in all groups [0.8±0.7 (ANZ), 0.7±0.7 (ANZ+GH), 0.3±0.5 (LTZ), and 1.2±0.8 (LTZ+GH)]; the latter group exhibited the highest increment of PAH and growth recovery to the TH (p<0.004). No significant side effects were observed. AI treatment, especially when used in association with GH was able to improve growth and the attainment of familial target height.

Transient impairment or delay of urinary trihydroxypregnanone (THS) response to metyrapone in boys with delayed adolescence and in patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zachmann ◽  
D. Tassinari ◽  
W. Sorgo ◽  
G. U. Exner ◽  
B. Kempken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Growth Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Transient Impairment ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract. Twentythree boys with delayed adolescence (age 15.7 ± 2.0, bone age 12.4 ± 2.1 years) were studied. Their cortisol response to insulin was normal. After oral metyrapone (500 mg/m2 by mouth) one to three consecutive 12 h urine samples were collected for analysis of THS. Thirtyseven tests with 37 first, 21 second, and 11 third samples were carried out. The results could be divided into two main groups: 25 tests (group A) were subnormal in the first sample, 12 of them with a very weak (40 ± 8 μg/m2/12 h) and 13 with an insufficient (191 ± 16 μg/m2/12 h) THS response. Values in the second and third sample were higher, indicating a dealyed response. In 12 tests (group B), the results were normal (1016 ± 143 μg/m2/12 h) in the first and lower in the second and third samples. In three patients with repeated tests, there was improvement with increasing bone age. The THS-responses to metyrapone did not correlate with those of growth hormone, gonadotrophins, and TSH to stimuli. It is concluded that the THS-response to a single dose of metyrapone may be temporarily insufficient or delayed in delayed adolescence. We interpret this finding as showing transiently reduced or slow hypothalamic responsiveness.

scholarly journals Ameliorative effects of Spinacia oleracea on sperm morphology, count, and motility by normalizing the obesity-induced oxidative stress in Sprague Dawley rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
Somia Iqbal ◽  
Noman Sadiq ◽  
Saad Siddiqui ◽  
Hira Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Obesity is a prevailing metabolic disorder that affects the functioning of the male reproductive system. Excessive adipose tissue enhances reactive oxygen species generation and is linked with male infertility. Spinach has demonstrated antioxidant effects. The present study was conducted to determine the antioxidant effects of spinach on sperm parameters in obese Sprague Dawley rats. Subjects and methods: This randomized control study was conducted at the animal house of the National Institute of Health Islamabad, Islamic International Medical College, Cosmesurge International Hospital, Rawalpindi, and Apollo lab, Islamabad, Pakistan from April 2016 to March 2017. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats having an age of 8 weeks and weight 160-200g were tagged from number 1 to 40. Every third rat was randomly allocated to control Group A (n=13) and remaining into the Experimental group (n=27). Rats of control Group A was given a standard diet while a high-fat diet was given to Experimental group rats to induce obesity for the duration of six weeks. Weight (g) was measured weekly and obesity was confirmed when rats attain more than 20% weight when compared with that of rats of control Group A. Then, after obesity induction, the experimental group was alienated into the obesity control group (Group B) and spinach treated group (Group C). For sample, rats of Group A and Group B were sacrificed, and the cauda epididymis of each rat was placed in a Petri dish containing normal saline and cut into pieces to allow the release of sperm and then sperm parameters (sperms concentration, motility, and morphology) were recorded under the microscope. Then, spinach (5% hot water extract) along with the persistence of fat diet was administered to Group C for 4 weeks and finally, sperm parameters were measured in this group. Results: Sperm concentration/ml, motility (%), and normal morphology (%) of Group B rats were significantly decreased as compared to Group A rats. However, sperm concentration/ml, motility (%), and normal morphology (%) of Group C (spinach treated group) rats was significantly increased (p<0.001) as compared to Group B (obesity control group) rats after administering spinach. Conclusion: The addition of Spinach in a normal diet regimen restores normal sperm morphology, improves sperm motility and concentration.

scholarly journals Friedreich's Ataxia Frequency in a Large Cohort of Genetically Undetermined Ataxia Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander F. Brown ◽  
Michael H. Parkinson ◽  
Hector Garcia-Moreno ◽  
Ese Mudanohwo ◽  
Robyn Labrum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Friedreich’S Ataxia ◽  
Friedreich's Ataxia ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxias ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Group A ◽  
Improve Patient Management ◽  
Group B ◽  
Testing Group

Background: Patients with suspected genetic ataxia are often tested for Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) and/or a variety of spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). FRDA can present with atypical, late-onset forms and so may be missed in the diagnostic process. We aimed to determine FRDA-positive subjects among two cohorts of patients referred to a specialist ataxia centre either for FRDA or SCA testing to determine the proportion of FRDA cases missed in the diagnostic screening process.Methods: 2000 SCA-negative ataxia patients, not previously referred for FRDA testing (group A), were tested for FRDA expansions and mutations. This group was compared with 1768 ataxia patients who had been previously referred for FRDA testing (group B) and were therefore more likely to have a typical presentation. The phenotypes of positive cases were assessed through review of the clinical case notes.Results: Three patients (0.2%) in group A had the FRDA expansion on both alleles, compared with 207 patients (11.7%) in group B. The heterozygous carrier rate across both cohorts was of 41 out of 3,768 cases (1.1%). The size of the expansions in the three FRDA-positive cases in group A was small, and their presentation atypical with late-onset.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that FRDA is very rare among patients who were referred purely for SCA testing without the clinical suspicion of FRDA. Such cases should be referred to specialist ataxia centres for more extensive testing to improve patient management and outcomes.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary fatty acid on blood lipid profile and induced bacterial infection in rat

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
Most Sumona Akter ◽  
Md Abu Yousuf ◽  
Md Yousuf Ali ◽  
Most Mahfuja Khatun ◽  
Sukumar Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Ground nut is one of the commonly used decorative nutritious relish seed around the world. Ground nut have hypocholesterolamic, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, immune-modulatory and bacterial counting effects. In Bangladesh, limited research has so far been performed on the action of ground nut in biological system and its comparative efficacy with commercialized drugs that reduce blood cholesterol. The aim of this study was carried on the effects of PUFA on blood total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) and against artificial inoculation (I/N) Staphylococcus aureus infection of experimental rat by feeding of ground nut. A total of fifteen long Evans rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used for this study. The rats were randomly divided into three equal groups (n=5) and numbered as A, B and C. Group A (control), Group B (50gm ground nut/ day/group), group C (100 gm ground nut/day/group). All groups were supplied with standard broiler pellet and fresh drinking water throughout the experimental period (January to June /2012). The blood samples were collected directly from the heart at the 1st and 60th day for biochemical test (TC, LDL, HDL and TG) and test was performed as per Memorial Diagnostic Centre, Charpara, Mymensingh. Staphylococcus aureus was cultured in nutrient broth and 100 µl of their culture was inoculated into the rats through intranasal route. Among all the treated groups, the rats of group C exhibited the lowest TC value, TG and LDL and reduced blood cholesterol significantly than (control group A) followed by group B. In bacteriological examinations, it was found that the number of bacterial colony lowest in group C in comparison with the group of A and B. From the present experiment, it can be assumed that PUFA has significant effect on blood lipid profile and against bacterial infection.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(2): 235-243

Effect Of Citrullus Lanatus Juice On Hemoglobin, Red Blood Cells And Liver Enzyme; An Experimental Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 257-260
Author(s):  
Shahid Ali ◽  
Nuzhat Sultana ◽  
Muslim Abbas ◽  
Zareen Naz ◽  
Muhammad Akbar Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective: To determine effect of citrullus lanatus juice on hemoglobin and Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) level. Study design and setting: It was an experimental study conducted on healthy rabbits for sixty days in the research department of pharmacy University of Karachi. Methodology: Current study was planned to evaluate effect of Citrullus lanatus juice on red blood cells, hemoglobin and liver enzyme. 60 days study was performed at 2 different doses i.e 3and 6ml/kg on rabbits. These rabbits were from either gender and were divided into 3 groups their weight ranges from 1200 to 1800 grams. Group A is control group (Normal saline 6ml/kg), Group B is treated group (3 ml/kg), Group C is treated group (6ml/kg). After taking mean of all values they are compared with control group. Significance of mean can be estimated by Tukes Post Hoc Test. P<0.05 estimated as significant. Results: It was found that count of red blood cells rises significantly along with rise in hemoglobin level. As far as liver enzyme serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) was concerned its concentration decreases slightly. Conclusion: Citrullus lanatus juice contain ingredients which are important for RBC hemoglobin and synthesis .It also contains important antioxidants that have organoprotective role due to which SGPT level decreases even in healthy animals as compared to control groups

scholarly journals Low Dose Bupivacaine plus Fentanyl in Subarachnoid Block for Caesarean Section

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Nasir Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Masuda Islam Khan ◽  
Aynul Islam Khan ◽  
AKM Akhtaruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Postoperative Analgesia ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Haemodynamic Stability ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Mean Time

Background: Spinal anaesthesia induced hypotension, a common problem during caesarean section, is associated with maternal nausea and vomiting and the risk of neonatal acidosis. Low dose local anaesthetic combined with opioids spinal anaesthesia better preserves maternal haemodynamic stability, resulting in equally efficacious anaesthesia.Objectives: To investigate whether this synergistic action could be used to provide effective anaesthesia while preventing hypotension during caesarean operation.Materials and method: This prospective study included 60 pregnant mothers scheduled for caesarean operation who were then divided into two groups (thirty in each). Group-A received a spinal injection of 12.5 mg of standardized 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and group-B received 8 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 20 ?gm fentanyl. Hypotension was defined as the systolic blood pressure drops below 90 mm of Hg or a decrease of systolic blood pressure 25% from pre anaesthesia level and hypotension was treated with a bolus of 5 to 10 mg of intravenous ephedrine. The quality of anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia were evaluated.Results: The mean time required to reach peak sensory level was earlier in group-B than group-A and was statistically significant (p<0.05). The decrease in systolic blood pressure in group-A was significantly more than group-B (p<0.05) and vasopressor requirement was also significantly more in group-A compared to group-B (p<0.05). Mean time of two segment regression of sensory analgesia and complete sensory recovery was significantly early in group-B (p<0.05). Duration of motor recovery in group-B was significantly earlier (p<0.05). The duration of effective analgesia was significantly more in group-B (p<0.05).Conclusion: Low dose Bupivacaine with fentanyl provided excellent intraoperative sensory and motor blockade, haemodynamic stability, and effective postoperative analgesia for caesarean delivery.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2016 4(1): 24-30

Comparative Study of Low Dose Conjugate Equine Estrogen 0.3 mg vs Standard Dose Conjugate Equine Estrogen 0.625 mg as Hormone Replacement Therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Meeta Gupta ◽  
Poonam Yadav ◽  
Sarvesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Conjugate Equine Estrogen ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Introduction Since menopause was related to variety of genitourinary, vasomotor, psychological and musculoskeletal changes, conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) was introduced for all menopause-related symptoms in various doses. Materials and methods It is a comparative study in which 100 postmenopausal women were selected (natural or surgical menopause) with one or more menopausal symptoms. All patients were randomly divided in two groups. Group A received 0.3 mg CEE and group B received 0.625 mg CEE, and both groups were compared with each other in various aspects. Results Both the groups were comparable to each other with respect to mean age, residence, type of menopause, total duration of menopause. Both the groups show comparable improvement in vasomotor, genitourinary and psychological symptoms and p > 0.05 which is not significant. On evaluation of bone mineral density (BMD), the group B showed significant improvement than group A (p < 0.001). Effect on endometrium was not significant. Conclusion Because of the complications of estrogen ± progestin, it should be prescribed at the lowest effective doses and for the shortest duration consistent with treatment goals and risk for individual women. How to cite this article Yadav P, Singh R, Kaur H, Gupta M, Kumar S. Comparative Study of Low Dose Conjugate Equine Estrogen 0.3 mg vs Standard Dose Conjugate Equine Estrogen 0.625 mg as Hormone Replacement Therapy. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2013;1(2):45-49.

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