scholarly journals The association of reported cognitive symptoms and objective cognitive performance in patients with prolonged post-concussion symptoms

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (23 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S20.1-S20
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Polster ◽  
Alma Martinez ◽  
Collin Blout ◽  
Christopher Giza ◽  
Talin Babikian
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Affective Symptoms

ObjectiveWithin a sample of patients with prolonged post-concussion symptoms, the current study evaluated the etiology of patients reported cognitive symptoms.BackgroundApproximately 20% of individuals who sustain a concussion will go on to have prolonged post-concussion symptoms. There has been little research examining how patients' perceived symptoms relate to objective markers, especially in regard to perceived cognitive symptoms (e.g., difficulty concentrating). It is important to understand what contributes to patients' reported complaints in order inform prognosis as well as identify areas for intervention. We hypothesize that patients reported cognitive complaints are better accounted for by other concussion symptoms (e.g., somatic, affective, sleep) than by difficulties in their underlying cognitive abilities.MethodsThirty-seven patients between the ages of 12–23 were retrospectively included in the study based on the following: reported post-concussion symptoms, evaluated between 1 month and 1 year post-injury. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to test if objective cognitive performance, as measured by a verbal learning/memory task (RAVLT Total) and an attention/working memory task (WAIS-IV Digit Span Total), significantly predicted reported cognitive symptoms above and beyond somatic, sleep, and affective symptoms.ResultsResults of the regression analyses indicated somatic, sleep, and affective symptoms significantly explained 50.3% of the variance in reported cognitive symptoms. Objective cognitive performance did not significantly predict reported cognitive symptoms above and beyond the 3 other symptom factors (R2 Change = 0.04, F [2,31] = 1.45, p = 0.25). Additionally, objective cognitive performance was not a significant predictor of reported cognitive symptoms, explaining only 2.4% of the variance.ConclusionsResults suggest cognitive difficulties are unlikely related to underlying neurocognitive pathology, but instead are related to functional challenges in the face of other symptoms (e.g., headache). Treatment of patients with cognitive complaints should focus on their entire symptom set, likely leading to a reduction in cognitive complaints.

scholarly journals IntelligenceGym — is an effective tool to improve cognitive functions in the elderly

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
N. V. Trushkova ◽  
G. Zelano
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Medical Certification ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cognitive Deficiency ◽  
Improved Performance

Aim. The aim of our study was to verify the effectiveness of the innovative IntelligenceGym training in improving cognitive abilities in the elderly.Material and methods. We developed an original training method that requires interaction between motor and cognitive functions. In our study 123 women and 89 men, aged 68–76 were examined. The inclusion criteria were Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores of 23 to 25 at inclusion, autonomy in walking, medical certification to participate in light physical activity. We have proposed to the participants to attend IntelligenceGym training one hour twice a week for 24 weeks. Cognitive performance was assessed before and after intervention included MMSE, Forward and Backward Digit Span Test, Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning test (RAVLT), TMT-A, TMT-B. Moreover, motor performance was tested by using the Time Up and Go (TUG) test.Results.The cognitive assessment after IntelligenceGym training showed statistically significant improvement in all the scores tested (t-test performed). The results showed that participants of the IntelligenceGym training had particularly improved performance in Digit Span, MMSE and TMT-B tests and also improvements in motor TUG test.Conclusion. These findings indicate that the IntelligenceGym training is an efficient tool to improve cognitive performance in older adults with borderline or mild cognitive deficiency.

scholarly journals Temporal Sequence of Hearing Impairment and Cognition in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 574-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M Armstrong ◽  
Yang An ◽  
Luigi Ferrucci ◽  
Jennifer A Deal ◽  
Frank R Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Temporal Sequence ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
California Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study ◽  
Learning Test

Abstract Background Hearing impairment (HI) could be a risk factor for cognitive decline, but cognition could plausibly also affect psychoacoustic assessment of hearing with audiometry. We examined the temporal sequence of hearing and cognitive function among nondemented, community-dwelling older adults. Methods Hearing and cognition were assessed between 2012 and 2015 and 2 years thereafter in 313 nondemented participants aged ≥60 years in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Poorer hearing was defined by pure-tone average of 0.5–4 kHz tones in the better-hearing ear. Cognitive measures with either visual or auditory inputs were Trail-making Test Part B; Digit Symbol Substitution Test; California Verbal Learning Test immediate recall, short delay, and long delay; Digit Span Forward/Backward; Benton Visual Retention Test; and Mini-Mental State Examination. We used linear regression models for cross-sectional associations at each timepoint and autoregressive, cross-lagged models to evaluate whether baseline hearing impairment (Time 1) predicted cognitive performance 2 years after baseline (Time 2) and vice versa. Results Cross-sectionally, there were no associations between poorer hearing and cognitive performance. Longitudinally, poorer hearing was associated with declines in California Verbal Learning Test immediate (β = −0.073, SE = 0.032, p = .024), short-delayed (β = −0.134, SE = 0.043, p = .002), long-delayed (β = −0.080, SE = 0.032, p = .012) recall, and Digit Span Forward (β = −0.074, SE = 0.029, p = .011).) from Time 1 to Time 2. Cognitive performance at Time 1 did not predict change in hearing status at Time 2. Conclusions Audiometric hearing impairment predicted short-term cognitive declines in both California Verbal Learning Test and auditory stimuli for attention.

scholarly journals Neurochemical Changes in the Brain and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Clinically Isolated Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3909
Author(s):  
Wojciech Guenter ◽  
Maciej Bieliński ◽  
Robert Bonek ◽  
Alina Borkowska
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Clinically Isolated Syndrome ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
1H Mrs ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Single Voxel ◽  
Neurochemical Changes

To assess cognitive impairment and affective symptoms and their association with damage to normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), we compared neuropsychological test scores between patients with CIS and healthy controls and examined correlations between these and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) outcomes in patients with CIS. Forty patients with CIS and 40 healthy participants were tested with a set of neuropsychological tests, which included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Single-voxel 1H-MRS was performed on frontal and parietal NAWM of patients with CIS to assess ratios of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) to creatine (Cr), myo-inositol (mI), and choline (Cho), as well as mI/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios. Patients with CIS had lower cognitive performance and higher scores for the BDI and anxiety subscale of HADS than healthy controls. There were significant correlations between the following neuropsychological tests and metabolic ratios in the frontal NAWM: Stroop Color-Word Test and Cho/Cr, Symbol Digit Modalities Test and mI/Cr, as well as NAA/mI, Go/no-go reaction time, and NAA/Cho, as well as NAA/mI, Californian Verbal Learning Test, and NAA/Cr. BDI scores were related to frontal NAA/mI and parietal NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios, whereas HADS-depression scores were associated with frontal NAA/Cr and NAA/mI and parietal NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios. HADS-anxiety correlated with parietal NAA/Cr ratio. This study suggests that neurochemical changes in the NAWM assessed with single-voxel 1H-MRS are associated with cognitive performance and affective symptoms in patients with CIS.

scholarly journals The Effects of Maximal Intensity Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy David Samuel ◽  
Ofir Zavdy ◽  
Miriam Levav ◽  
Ronen Reuveny ◽  
Uriel Katz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Maximal Intensity ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Repeated Measures Design

AbstractHigh intensity physical exercise has previously been found to lead to a decline in cognitive performance of adults. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of maximal intensity exercise on cognitive performance of children. Using a repeated-measures design, 20 children and adolescents aged 8-17 years completed a battery of tests measuring memory and attention. Forward and Backward Digit Span tests, the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) were performed at baseline, immediately after, and one hour after a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test. Forward and Backward Digit Span scores significantly improved post-recovery compared with baseline measurements. There was a significant decrease in RAVLT scores post-exercise, which returned to baseline values after recovery. The DSST test scores were mildly elevated from post-exercise to after recovery. Maximal intensity exercise in children and adolescents may result in both beneficial and detrimental cognitive effects, including transient impairment in verbal learning. Cognitive functions applying short term memory improve following a recovery period. Parents, educators and coaches should consider these changes in memory and attention following high-intensity exercise activities in children.

Cognitive Impairment in Major Depressive Disorder and Severe Depressive Episode with Psychotic Symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S143-S144
Author(s):  
S. Fedorová ◽  
M. Blažková ◽  
P. Humpolíček ◽  
R. Barteček
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Depressive Episodes

IntroductionCognitive impairment in patients with depressive disorder is a subject of intensive research.ObjectivesThis study deals with the cognitive impairment in patients with severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms and patients with major depressive disorder during the acute state of illness.AimsThe aim was to define domains and the level of cognitive impairment in both groups of patients.The next aim was to compare profiles of cognitive impairment in both groups of patients.The last aim was to find out a relationship between cognitive performance and severity of depressive episode during the acute state of illness.MethodsWe have used neuropsychological test battery (Auditory–Verbal Learning Test, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, Logical Memory, Digit span test, Trail making test, Verbal Fluency Test, Block Design and Benton Visual Retention Test) for the evaluation of the cognitive functions in patients with severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms (n = 5) and patients with major depressive disorder (n = 8).ResultsWe found cognitive impairment in all examined domains in both groups of patients.More profound cognitive impairment was found in patients with severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms, particularly in visual memory, visuo-constructive abilities, speed of cognitive processing and executive functions. We found no correlation between cognitive performance and severity of depressive episodes.ConclusionsOur findings suggest a strong correlation between psychotic symptoms in depression and cognitive performance.

scholarly journals Cognitive Function in Parkinson’s Disease Patients with and without Anxiety

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Ehgoetz Martens ◽  
J. Y. Y. Szeto ◽  
A. J. Muller ◽  
J. M. Hall ◽  
M. Gilat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
The Impact

Research on the implications of anxiety in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been neglected despite its prevalence in nearly 50% of patients and its negative impact on quality of life. Previous reports have noted that neuropsychiatric symptoms impair cognitive performance in PD patients; however, to date, no study has directly compared PD patients with and without anxiety to examine the impact of anxiety on cognitive impairments in PD. This study compared cognitive performance across 50 PD participants with and without anxiety (17 PDA+; 33 PDA−), who underwent neurological and neuropsychological assessment. Group performance was compared across the following cognitive domains: simple attention/visuomotor processing speed, executive function (e.g., set-shifting), working memory, language, and memory/new verbal learning. Results showed that PDA+ performed significantly worse on the Digit Span forward and backward test and Part B of the Trail Making Task (TMT-B) compared to the PDA− group. There were no group differences in verbal fluency, logical memory, or TMT-A performance. In conclusion, anxiety in PD has a measurable impact on working memory and attentional set-shifting.

scholarly journals The Characteristics of Cognitive Impairment in ALS Patients Depend on the Lateralization of Motor Damage

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Umberto Manera ◽  
Laura Peotta ◽  
Barbara Iazzolino ◽  
Antonio Canosa ◽  
Rosario Vasta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Als Patients ◽  
Fluency Test

(1) Background: Cognitive features of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have never been specifically analyzed according to the lateralization of motor impairment. In the present study we investigated the cognitive performances of ALS patients to describe the relationship between motor and cognitive dysfunction, according to site and side of disease onset. (2) Methods: Six-hundred and nine ALS patients underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation at diagnosis in Turin ALS Centre Tests included—mini-mental state examination (MMSE), frontal assessment battery (FAB), trail-making test A/B (TMT A-B), digit span forward and backward (digit span FW/digit span BW), letter fluency test (FAS), category fluency test (CAT), Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), Babcock story recall test (BSRT), Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test (ROCFT), Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), Raven’s coloured progressive matrices (CPM47). Cognitive performances of patients, grouped by side and site of onset, were statistically compared using z-scores, as appropriate. (3) Results: Bulbar patients and bilateral spinal onset patients (Sbil) were generally characterized by lower cognitive performances in most neuropsychological tests, when compared to patients with lateralized onset (right-side spinal onset, Sri and left-side spinal onset, Sle). Digit span backward and visual memory task (ROCFT) median z-scores were significantly higher, reflecting a better cognitive performance, in Sri patients when compared to bulbar/Sbil patients, while verbal memory tasks (RAVLT and BRST) resulted in significantly higher scores in Sle patients. Our results are in keeping with hemispheric functional lateralization of language and visuospatial abilities. (4) Conclusions: In ALS patients, as in other neurodegenerative diseases, we found a direct relationship between lateralized motor and cognitive features.

scholarly journals Testing the greater male variability phenomenon: male mountain chickadees exhibit larger variation in reversal learning performance compared with females

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1931) ◽  
pp. 20200895
Author(s):  
Carrie L. Branch ◽  
Benjamin R. Sonnenberg ◽  
Angela M. Pitera ◽  
Lauren M. Benedict ◽  
Dovid Y. Kozlovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Spatial Task ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Food Caching ◽  
Range Of Variation

The greater male variability phenomenon predicts that males exhibit larger ranges of variation in cognitive performance compared with females; however, support for this pattern has come exclusively from studies of humans and lacks mechanistic explanation. Furthermore, the vast majority of the literature assessing sex differences in cognition is based on studies of humans and a few other mammals. In order to elucidate the underpinnings of cognitive variation and the potential for fitness consequences, we must investigate sex differences in cognition in non-mammalian systems as well. Here, we assess the performance of male and female food-caching birds on a spatial learning and memory task and a reversal spatial task to address whether there are sex differences in mean cognitive performance or in the range of variation in performance. For both tasks, male and female mean performance was similar across four years of testing; however, males did exhibit a wider range of variation in performance on the reversal spatial task compared with females. The implications for mate choice and sexual selection of cognitive abilities are discussed and future directions are suggested to aid in the understanding of sex-related cognitive variation.

scholarly journals Soya isoflavone supplementation enhances spatial working memory in men

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1348-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia A. Thorp ◽  
Natalie Sinn ◽  
Jonathan D. Buckley ◽  
Alison M. Coates ◽  
Peter R. C. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Spatial Processing ◽  
Initial Letter ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Visual Spatial Processing

Females perform better in certain memory-related tasks than males. Sex differences in cognitive performance may be attributable to differences in circulating oestrogen acting on oestrogen β receptors (ERβ) which are prevalent in brain regions such as the hippocampus, frontal lobe and cortex that mediate cognitive functions. Since soya isoflavones are known to activate ERβ, chronic isoflavone supplementation in males may improve cognitive performance in memory-related tasks. A 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial was conducted in thirty-four healthy men to investigate the effect of isoflavone supplementation on cognitive function. Volunteers were randomised to take four capsules/d containing soya isoflavones (116 mg isoflavone equivalents/d: 68 mg daidzein, 12 mg genistein, 36 mg glycitin) or placebo for 6 weeks, and the alternate treatment during the following 6 weeks. Assessments of memory (verbal episodic, auditory and working), executive function (planning, attention, mental flexibility) and visual-spatial processing were performed at baseline and after each treatment period. Isoflavone supplementation significantly improved spatial working memory (P = 0·01), a test in which females consistently perform better than males. Compared with placebo supplementation, there were 18 % fewer attempts (P = 0·01), 23 % fewer errors (P = 0·02) and 17 % less time (P = 0·03) required to correctly identify the requisite information. Isoflavones did not affect auditory and episodic memory (Paired Associate Learning, Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Task, Backward Digit Span and Letter-Number Sequencing), executive function (Trail Making and Initial Letter Fluency Task) or visual-spatial processing (Mental Rotation Task). Isoflavone supplementation in healthy males may enhance cognitive processes which appear dependent on oestrogen activation.

Association of Vascular Risk Scores and Cognitive Performance in a Diverse Cohort: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L Schaich ◽  
Joseph Yeboah ◽  
Mark A Espeland ◽  
Laura D Baker ◽  
Jingzhong Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Background Vascular risk scores are associated with incident dementia. Information regarding their association with cognitive performance and decline in racially/ethnically diverse cohorts is lacking. Methods In 4392 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants (aged 60.1±9.4 years; 53% women; 41% white, 11% Chinese-American, 26% African-American, 21% Hispanic), we compared associations of Exam 1 (2000-02) Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia (CAIDE), Framingham stroke (FSRP), and atherosclerotic disease pooled cohort equation (ASCVD-PCE) risk scores with Exam 5 (2010-12) Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI), Digit Symbol Coding (DSC), and Digit Span (DS) cognitive test performance using multivariable linear regression, and examined racial/ethnic interactions. In 1838 participants with repeat CASI data at Exam 6 (2016-18), we related risk scores to odds of a 1-standard deviation (SD) decline in CASI performance using multivariable logistic regression. Results SD increments in each risk score were associated with worse cognitive performance. CAIDE had stronger associations with CASI performance than the FSRP and ASCVD-PCE, but associations of ASCVD-PCE with the DSC and DS were similar to CAIDE (difference in β [95% CI] = -0.57 [-1.48, 0.34] and -0.21 [-0.43, 0.01], respectively). Race/ethnicity modified associations. For example, associations between CAIDE and CASI were greater in African-Americans and Hispanics than whites (difference in β = 0.69 [0.02, 1.36] and 1.67 [0.95, 2.39], respectively). Risk scores were comparably associated with decline in CASI performance. Conclusions Antecedent vascular risk scores are associated with cognitive performance and decline in the four most common US racial/ethnic groups, but associations differ among risk scores and by race/ethnicity.

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