scholarly journals The Effects of Maximal Intensity Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy David Samuel ◽  
Ofir Zavdy ◽  
Miriam Levav ◽  
Ronen Reuveny ◽  
Uriel Katz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Maximal Intensity ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Repeated Measures Design

AbstractHigh intensity physical exercise has previously been found to lead to a decline in cognitive performance of adults. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of maximal intensity exercise on cognitive performance of children. Using a repeated-measures design, 20 children and adolescents aged 8-17 years completed a battery of tests measuring memory and attention. Forward and Backward Digit Span tests, the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) were performed at baseline, immediately after, and one hour after a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test. Forward and Backward Digit Span scores significantly improved post-recovery compared with baseline measurements. There was a significant decrease in RAVLT scores post-exercise, which returned to baseline values after recovery. The DSST test scores were mildly elevated from post-exercise to after recovery. Maximal intensity exercise in children and adolescents may result in both beneficial and detrimental cognitive effects, including transient impairment in verbal learning. Cognitive functions applying short term memory improve following a recovery period. Parents, educators and coaches should consider these changes in memory and attention following high-intensity exercise activities in children.

scholarly journals Temporal Sequence of Hearing Impairment and Cognition in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 574-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M Armstrong ◽  
Yang An ◽  
Luigi Ferrucci ◽  
Jennifer A Deal ◽  
Frank R Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Temporal Sequence ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
California Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study ◽  
Learning Test

Abstract Background Hearing impairment (HI) could be a risk factor for cognitive decline, but cognition could plausibly also affect psychoacoustic assessment of hearing with audiometry. We examined the temporal sequence of hearing and cognitive function among nondemented, community-dwelling older adults. Methods Hearing and cognition were assessed between 2012 and 2015 and 2 years thereafter in 313 nondemented participants aged ≥60 years in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Poorer hearing was defined by pure-tone average of 0.5–4 kHz tones in the better-hearing ear. Cognitive measures with either visual or auditory inputs were Trail-making Test Part B; Digit Symbol Substitution Test; California Verbal Learning Test immediate recall, short delay, and long delay; Digit Span Forward/Backward; Benton Visual Retention Test; and Mini-Mental State Examination. We used linear regression models for cross-sectional associations at each timepoint and autoregressive, cross-lagged models to evaluate whether baseline hearing impairment (Time 1) predicted cognitive performance 2 years after baseline (Time 2) and vice versa. Results Cross-sectionally, there were no associations between poorer hearing and cognitive performance. Longitudinally, poorer hearing was associated with declines in California Verbal Learning Test immediate (β = −0.073, SE = 0.032, p = .024), short-delayed (β = −0.134, SE = 0.043, p = .002), long-delayed (β = −0.080, SE = 0.032, p = .012) recall, and Digit Span Forward (β = −0.074, SE = 0.029, p = .011).) from Time 1 to Time 2. Cognitive performance at Time 1 did not predict change in hearing status at Time 2. Conclusions Audiometric hearing impairment predicted short-term cognitive declines in both California Verbal Learning Test and auditory stimuli for attention.

scholarly journals Intake of Vegetables and Fruits Through Young Adulthood Is Associated with Better Cognitive Function in Midlife in the US General Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (8) ◽  
pp. 1424-1433
Author(s):  
Xuanxia Mao ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Pengcheng Xun ◽  
Martha L Daviglus ◽  
Lyn M Steffen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

ABSTRACT Background Vegetables and fruits (VF) may differentially affect cognitive functions, presumably due to their various nutrient contents, but evidence from epidemiologic studies is limited. Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the long-term association between VF intakes, including VF subgroups, in young adulthood and cognitive function in midlife. Methods A biracial cohort of 3231 men and women aged 18–30 y at baseline in 1985–1986 were followed up for 25 y in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Diet was measured at baseline, and in examination years 7 and 20. Cognitive function was assessed at examination year 25 through the use of 3 tests: the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and the Stroop test. The mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs in cognitive scores across intake categories were estimated through the use of the multivariable-adjusted general linear regression model. Results Excluding potatoes, intake of whole vegetables was significantly associated with a better cognitive performance after adjustment for potential confounders in all 3 cognitive tests (quintile 5 compared with quintile 1—RAVLT, MD: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.64; P-trend = 0.08; DSST, MD: 2.84; 95% CI: 0.93, 4.75; P-trend < 0.01; Stroop test, MD: −2.87; 95% CI: −4.24, −1.50; P-trend < 0.01]. Similarly, intake of fruits, except fruit juices, was significantly related to a better cognitive performance (quintile 5 compared with quintile 1—DSST, MD: 2.41; 95% CI: 0.70, 4.12; P-trend = 0.03). Conclusions This study supports the long-term benefits of VF consumption on cognitive performance, except those VF with relatively low fiber content such as potatoes and fruit juices, among the middle-aged US general population.

Cognitive Impairment in Major Depressive Disorder and Severe Depressive Episode with Psychotic Symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S143-S144
Author(s):  
S. Fedorová ◽  
M. Blažková ◽  
P. Humpolíček ◽  
R. Barteček
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Depressive Episodes

IntroductionCognitive impairment in patients with depressive disorder is a subject of intensive research.ObjectivesThis study deals with the cognitive impairment in patients with severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms and patients with major depressive disorder during the acute state of illness.AimsThe aim was to define domains and the level of cognitive impairment in both groups of patients.The next aim was to compare profiles of cognitive impairment in both groups of patients.The last aim was to find out a relationship between cognitive performance and severity of depressive episode during the acute state of illness.MethodsWe have used neuropsychological test battery (Auditory–Verbal Learning Test, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, Logical Memory, Digit span test, Trail making test, Verbal Fluency Test, Block Design and Benton Visual Retention Test) for the evaluation of the cognitive functions in patients with severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms (n = 5) and patients with major depressive disorder (n = 8).ResultsWe found cognitive impairment in all examined domains in both groups of patients.More profound cognitive impairment was found in patients with severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms, particularly in visual memory, visuo-constructive abilities, speed of cognitive processing and executive functions. We found no correlation between cognitive performance and severity of depressive episodes.ConclusionsOur findings suggest a strong correlation between psychotic symptoms in depression and cognitive performance.

scholarly journals Cognitive Function in Parkinson’s Disease Patients with and without Anxiety

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Ehgoetz Martens ◽  
J. Y. Y. Szeto ◽  
A. J. Muller ◽  
J. M. Hall ◽  
M. Gilat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
The Impact

Research on the implications of anxiety in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been neglected despite its prevalence in nearly 50% of patients and its negative impact on quality of life. Previous reports have noted that neuropsychiatric symptoms impair cognitive performance in PD patients; however, to date, no study has directly compared PD patients with and without anxiety to examine the impact of anxiety on cognitive impairments in PD. This study compared cognitive performance across 50 PD participants with and without anxiety (17 PDA+; 33 PDA−), who underwent neurological and neuropsychological assessment. Group performance was compared across the following cognitive domains: simple attention/visuomotor processing speed, executive function (e.g., set-shifting), working memory, language, and memory/new verbal learning. Results showed that PDA+ performed significantly worse on the Digit Span forward and backward test and Part B of the Trail Making Task (TMT-B) compared to the PDA− group. There were no group differences in verbal fluency, logical memory, or TMT-A performance. In conclusion, anxiety in PD has a measurable impact on working memory and attentional set-shifting.

scholarly journals The Comparative Methylome and Transcriptome After Change of Direction Compared to Straight Line Running Exercise in Human Skeletal Muscle

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd-Firdaus Maasar ◽  
Daniel C. Turner ◽  
Piotr P. Gorski ◽  
Robert A. Seaborne ◽  
Juliette A. Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Axon Guidance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Running Exercise ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Straight Line

The methylome and transcriptome signatures following exercise that are physiologically and metabolically relevant to sporting contexts such as team sports or health prescription scenarios (e.g., high intensity interval training/HIIT) has not been investigated. To explore this, we performed two different sport/exercise relevant high-intensity running protocols in five male sport team members using a repeated measures design of: (1) change of direction (COD) versus; (2) straight line (ST) running exercise with a wash-out period of at least 2 weeks between trials. Skeletal muscle biopsies collected from the vastus lateralis 30 min and 24 h post exercise, were assayed using 850K methylation arrays and a comparative analysis with recent (subject-unmatched) sprint and acute aerobic exercise meta-analysis transcriptomes was performed. Despite COD and ST exercise being matched for classically defined intensity measures (speed × distance and number of accelerations/decelerations), COD exercise elicited greater movement (GPS-Playerload), physiological (HR), metabolic (lactate) as well as central and peripheral (differential RPE) exertion measures compared with ST exercise, suggesting COD exercise evoked a higher exercise intensity. The exercise response alone across both conditions evoked extensive alterations in the methylome 30 min and 24 h post exercise, particularly in MAPK, AMPK and axon guidance pathways. COD evoked a considerably greater hypomethylated signature across the genome compared with ST exercise, particularly at 30 min post exercise, enriched in: Protein binding, MAPK, AMPK, insulin, and axon guidance pathways. Comparative methylome analysis with sprint running transcriptomes identified considerable overlap, with 49% of genes that were altered at the expression level also differentially methylated after COD exercise. After differential methylated region analysis, we observed that VEGFA and its downstream nuclear transcription factor, NR4A1 had enriched hypomethylation within their promoter regions. VEGFA and NR4A1 were also significantly upregulated in the sprint transcriptome and meta-analysis of exercise transcriptomes. We also confirmed increased gene expression of VEGFA, and considerably larger increases in the expression of canonical metabolic genes PPARGC1A (that encodes PGC1-α) and NR4A3 in COD vs. ST exercise. Overall, we demonstrate that increased physiological/metabolic load via COD exercise in human skeletal muscle evokes considerable epigenetic modifications that are associated with changes in expression of genes responsible for adaptation to exercise.

scholarly journals A-70 Beyond Validity: The Utility of the Test of Memory Malingering in Assessing Cognitive Functioning in Veterans

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-930
Author(s):  
J Clark ◽  
B Zaccari ◽  
S Tadrous-Furnanz ◽  
D Storzbach
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Test Of Memory Malingering ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Substance Dependent ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment Battery ◽  
Iraqi Freedom

Abstract Objective The objective of the present analyses was to replicate analyses from an interim sample which found that scores on the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) predicted objective cognitive outcomes in the domains of attention and verbal learning even when invalid TOMM scores were excluded. Methods Participants consisted of 92 United States Veterans from Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) enrolled at the VA Portland Health Care System and recruited for a larger study on the role of blast exposure. Veterans were included if they had a valid performance on the TOMM (Trial 2 score > 47) were not currently substance dependent. Data was analyzed through linear regressions examining raw TOMM Trial 1 scores to predict objective cognitive performance on measures of memory and attention from the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB). Results In performance on the tasks of Driving Scenes (Beta = .328, p < .01), Initial Story Learning (Beta = .209, p < .05), and Attention Index Percentile (Beta = .208, p < .05) of the NAB, TOMM Trial 1 was a significant predictor. TOMM scores were also predictive of years of education (Beta = .303, p < .01). Conclusion These findings replicate results derived from interim data. TOMM Trial 1 significantly predicted objective cognitive performance in OEF/OIF Veterans even when invalid performance was excluded. This suggests that TOMM has a utility in assessing cognitive functioning and not just valid performance. Similarly, results also suggest that the TOMM may be sensitive to education as well.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns during adulthood and cognitive performance in midlife

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (14) ◽  
pp. e1589-e1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire T. McEvoy ◽  
Tina Hoang ◽  
Stephen Sidney ◽  
Lyn M. Steffen ◽  
David R. Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Interference Test

ObjectiveTo investigate whether dietary patterns (Mediterranean diet [MedDiet], Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension [DASH], and A Priori Diet Quality Score [APDQS]) during adulthood are associated with midlife cognitive performance.MethodsWe studied 2,621 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) participants; 45% were black, 57% were female, and mean age was 25 ± 3.5 years at baseline (year 0). Mean diet scores were calculated from diet history at baseline, year 7, and year 20 (mean age 25, 32, and 45 years, respectively). Cognitive function was assessed at years 25 and 30 (mean age 50 and 55 years, respectively). Linear models were used to examine association between tertiles of diet score and change in composite cognitive function and cognitive z scores (verbal memory [Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test], processing speed [Digit Symbol Substitution Test], and executive function [Stroop Interference test]) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at year 30.ResultsDASH was not associated with change in cognitive performance. Higher MedDiet and APDQS scores were associated with less decline in cognitive function (MedDiet: low −0.04, middle 0.03, high 0.03, p = 0.03; APDQS: low −0.04, middle −0.00, high 0.06, p < 0.01) and Stroop Interference (MedDiet: low 0.09, middle −0.06, high −0.03; APDQS: low 0.10, middle 0.01, high −0.09, both p < 0.01). Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for poor global cognitive function (≥1 SD below mean MoCA score) comparing extreme tertiles of diet scores were 0.54 (0.39–0.74) for MedDiet, 0.48 (0.33–0.69) for APDQS, and 0.89 (0.68–1.17) for DASH.ConclusionGreater adherence to MedDiet and APDQS dietary patterns during adulthood was associated with better midlife cognitive performance. Additional studies are needed to define the combination of foods and nutrients for optimal brain health across the life course.

scholarly journals Soya isoflavone supplementation enhances spatial working memory in men

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1348-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia A. Thorp ◽  
Natalie Sinn ◽  
Jonathan D. Buckley ◽  
Alison M. Coates ◽  
Peter R. C. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Spatial Processing ◽  
Initial Letter ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Visual Spatial Processing

Females perform better in certain memory-related tasks than males. Sex differences in cognitive performance may be attributable to differences in circulating oestrogen acting on oestrogen β receptors (ERβ) which are prevalent in brain regions such as the hippocampus, frontal lobe and cortex that mediate cognitive functions. Since soya isoflavones are known to activate ERβ, chronic isoflavone supplementation in males may improve cognitive performance in memory-related tasks. A 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial was conducted in thirty-four healthy men to investigate the effect of isoflavone supplementation on cognitive function. Volunteers were randomised to take four capsules/d containing soya isoflavones (116 mg isoflavone equivalents/d: 68 mg daidzein, 12 mg genistein, 36 mg glycitin) or placebo for 6 weeks, and the alternate treatment during the following 6 weeks. Assessments of memory (verbal episodic, auditory and working), executive function (planning, attention, mental flexibility) and visual-spatial processing were performed at baseline and after each treatment period. Isoflavone supplementation significantly improved spatial working memory (P = 0·01), a test in which females consistently perform better than males. Compared with placebo supplementation, there were 18 % fewer attempts (P = 0·01), 23 % fewer errors (P = 0·02) and 17 % less time (P = 0·03) required to correctly identify the requisite information. Isoflavones did not affect auditory and episodic memory (Paired Associate Learning, Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Task, Backward Digit Span and Letter-Number Sequencing), executive function (Trail Making and Initial Letter Fluency Task) or visual-spatial processing (Mental Rotation Task). Isoflavone supplementation in healthy males may enhance cognitive processes which appear dependent on oestrogen activation.

scholarly journals Unchanged Cognitive Performance and Concurrent Prefrontal Blood Oxygenation After Accelerated Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation in Depression: A Sham-Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Struckmann ◽  
Jonas Persson ◽  
Malin Gingnell ◽  
Wojciech Weigl ◽  
Caroline Wass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
Theta Burst

Aim: Intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) delivered over the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) has shown promise as a treatment for anhedonia and amotivation in patients with depression. Here, we investigated whether this protocol modulates cognitive performance and concurrent prefrontal blood oxygenation. We also examined whether depressed patients exhibit cognitive dysfunction and prefrontal hypoactivity at baseline compared to healthy controls.Methods: This sham-controlled study comprises 52 patients randomized to either active or sham accelerated iTBS over the DMPFC (applied twice daily) for 10 consecutive treatment days, and 55 healthy controls. Cognitive performance was assessed at baseline and once again 4 weeks later using a cognitive test battery targeting attention, inhibitory control, and numerical, verbal, and visual working memory. Concurrent prefrontal oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) was captured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy.Results: Active iTBS over DMPFC did not affect cognitive performance or concurrent oxy-Hb change compared to sham iTBS in patients with depression. Compared to controls, patients at baseline showed impaired performance in the Trail Making Test, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, the Animal Naming Test, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, however no difference in prefrontal oxy-Hb was observed.Conclusion: Patients with treatment-resistant depression displayed cognitive deficits, however without prefrontal hypoactivity, compared to healthy controls at baseline. iTBS treatment did not alter cognitive performance, nor concurrent prefrontal blood oxygenation, in patients. Taken together, iTBS can likely be considered a cognitively safe treatment option in this sample of patients.

scholarly journals Financial Incapacity of Patients with Mild Alzheimer’s Disease: What Neurologists Need to Know about Where the Impairment Lies

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
Vaitsa Giannouli ◽  
Magda Tsolaki
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Recall Condition ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Financial Capacity

Research in the last decade has focused on assessing financial capacity and incapacity mainly in old age, but new research has turned to address the question of how financial incapacity can be predicted by cognitive factors. The aim of this study was to identify which cognitive domains predict financial capacity and the relevant cognitive skills of patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in order to assist neurologists in functional assessment and further patient referral. In this study, 109 patients diagnosed with mild AD were examined with a number of neuropsychological tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Functional Rating Scale for Symptoms of Dementia (FRSSD), Functional Cognitive Assessment Scale (FUCAS), Trail Making Test (TMT)-Part B, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT)-copy condition and delayed recall condition, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Boston Naming Test, Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT), digit span forward and backward, WAIS-R digit symbol substitution test, Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and the Legal Capacity for Property Law Transactions Assessment Scale (LCPLTAS). LCPLTAS total score and relevant subdomains were best predicted only by the score of one item coming from MMSE: subtraction of serial sevens. This is the only measure of arithmetic testing in use for the Greek geriatric population. Financial capacity is severely impaired in the group of mild AD patients. In order to prevent financial exploitation cases, neurologists, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, and geriatrists should pay close attention to the information from the relevant arithmetic question of MMSE, as it is one of the most widely administered screening tests in clinical settings.

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