Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Nigeria

BackgroundWe determined the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for epilepsy in Nigeria.MethodsWe conducted a door-to-door survey to identify cases of epilepsy in 3 regions. We estimated age-standardized prevalence adjusted for nonresponse and sensitivity and the 1-year retrospective incidence for active epilepsy. To assess potential risk factors, we conducted a case-control study by collecting sociodemographic and risk factor data. We estimated odds ratios using logistic regression analysis and corresponding population attributable fractions (PAFs).ResultsWe screened 42,427 persons (age ≥6 years), of whom 254 had confirmed active epilepsy. The pooled prevalence of active epilepsy per 1,000 was 9.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.6–11.1), 17.7 (14.2–20.6) in Gwandu, 4.8 (3.4–6.6) in Afikpo, and 3.3 (2.0–5.1) in Ijebu-Jesa. The pooled incidence per 100,000 was 101.3 (95% CI 57.9–167.6), 201.2 (105.0–358.9) in Gwandu, 27.6 (3.3–128.0) in Afikpo, and 23.9 (3.2–157.0) in Ijebu-Jesa. Children's significant risk factors included febrile seizures, meningitis, poor perinatal care, open defecation, measles, and family history in first-degree relatives. In adults, head injury, poor perinatal care, febrile seizures, family history in second-degree relatives, and consanguinity were significant. Gwandu had more significant risk factors. The PAF for the important factors in children was 74.0% (71.0%–76.0%) and in adults was 79.0% (75.0%–81.0%).ConclusionThis work suggests varied epidemiologic numbers, which may be explained by differences in risk factors and population structure in the different regions. These variations should differentially determine and drive prevention and health care responses.

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Risk Factors for Herpes Zoster Among Adults

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofw119 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Mona Marin ◽

Rafael Harpaz ◽

John Zhang ◽

Peter C. Wollan ◽

Stephanie R. Bialek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Herpes Zoster ◽

Virus Reactivation ◽

Varicella Zoster ◽

Medical Sector ◽

Risk Factor Data ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Factor Data ◽

Record Review

Abstract Background. The causes of varicella-zoster virus reactivation and herpes zoster (HZ) are largely unknown. We assessed potential risk factors for HZ, the data for which cannot be obtained from the medical sector. Methods. We conducted a matched case-control study. We established active surveillance in Olmsted County, Minnesota to identify HZ occurring among persons age ≥50 years during 2010–2011. Cases were confirmed by medical record review. Herpes zoster-free controls were age- and sex-matched to cases. Risk factor data were obtained by telephone interview. Results. We enrolled 389 HZ case patients and 511 matched controls; the median age was 65 and 66 years, respectively. Herpes zoster was associated with family history of HZ (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.65); association was highest with first-degree or multiple relatives (aOR = 1.87 and 3.08, respectively). Herpes zoster was also associated with prior HZ episodes (aOR = 1.82), sleep disturbance (aOR = 2.52), depression (aOR = 3.81), and recent weight loss (aOR = 1.95). Stress was a risk factor for HZ (aOR = 2.80), whereas a dose-response relationship was not noted. All associations indicated were statistically significant (P < .05). Herpes zoster was not associated with trauma, smoking, tonsillectomy, diet, or reported exposure to pesticides or herbicides (P > .1). Conclusions. We identified several important risk factors for HZ; however, the key attributable causes of HZ remain unknown.

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Post-Bariatric Abdominoplasty: Analysis of 406 Cases With Focus on Risk Factors and Complications

Aesthetic Surgery Journal ◽

10.1093/asj/sjaa067 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 59-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Torsten Schlosshauer ◽

Marcus Kiehlmann ◽

Diana Jung ◽

Robert Sader ◽

Ulrich M Rieger

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Surgical Technique ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Wound Healing Problems ◽

Bariatric Patients

Abstract Background Post-bariatric patients present a surgical challenge within abdominoplasty because of residual obesity and major comorbidities. In this study, we analyzed complications following abdominoplasty in post-bariatric patients and evaluated potential risk factors associated with these complications. Objectives The authors sought to determine the complications and risk factors following abdominoplasty in post-bariatric patients. Methods A retrospective study of patients who underwent abdominoplasty was performed from January 2009 to December 2018 at our institution. Variables analyzed were sex, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, surgical technique, operative time, resection weight, drain output, and complications. Results A total of 406 patients were included in this study (320 female and 86 male) with a mean age of 44.4 years and a BMI of 30.6 kg/m2. Abdominoplasty techniques consisted of traditional (64.3%), fleur-de-lis technique (27.3%), and panniculectomy without umbilical displacement (8.4%). Overall complications recorded were 41.9%, the majority of these being wound-healing problems (32%). Minor and major complications were found in 29.1% and 12.8% of patients, respectively. A BMI value of ≥30 kg/m2 was associated with an increased risk for wound-healing problems (P = 0.001). The frequency of total complications was significantly related to age (P = 0.007), BMI (P = 0.004), and resection weight (P = 0.001). Abdominoplasty technique tended to influence total complications. Conclusions This study demonstrates in a fairly large sample of post-bariatric patients (n = 406) that abdominoplasty alone can be performed safely, with an acceptable complication rate. Age, BMI, and resection weight are shown to be significant risk factors for total complications. The role of surgical technique needs to be evaluated further. Level of Evidence: 4

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Prevalence of Human Cystic Echinococcosis in Rio Negro Province, Argentina and Direct Risk Factors for Infection

10.21203/rs.3.rs-260421/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Leonardo Uchiumi ◽

Guillermo Mujica ◽

Daniel Araya ◽

Juan Carlos Salvitti ◽

Mariano Sobrino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Cystic Echinococcosis ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Rio Negro ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Current Address

Abstract Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic zoonosis caused by infection with the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato This study investigated the prevalence and potential risk factors associated with human CE in the towns and rural areas of Ñorquinco and Ramos Mexia, Rio Negro province, Argentina. Methods: In order to detect abdominal CE cysts, we screened 892 volunteers by ultrasound and investigated potential risk factors for CE using a standardized questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to estimate the Prevalence Ratio (PR) and their 95% CIs of the association between CE and the factors investigated. Results: Abdominal CE was detected in 42/892 screened volunteers (4.7%, CI 3.2-6.1), only two of who being under 15 years of age. Thirteen CE (30.9%) cases had 25 cysts in active stages (CE1, CE2, CE3) The most relevant risk factors identified in the bivariate analysis included: live in rural area (p=0.003), age >40 years (p=0.000), drinking always water of natural source (p=0.007), residing in rural areas during first five years of life (p=0.000) and live more than 20 years at your current address (p=0.013). In the multivariate model, statistically significant risk factors were: frequently touch dogs (p=0.012), residing in rural areas during first five years of life (p=0.004), smoking (p=0.000), age > 60 years (p=0.002) and live in rural areas (p=0.017).Conclusions: our results point toward infection with CE being acquired since childhood and with constant exposure throughout life, especially in rural areas with a general environmental contamination

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Prevalence and risk factors of root resorption of adjacent teeth in maxillary canine impaction, among untreated children and adolescents

European Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1093/ejo/cjy078 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 447-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Frédéric Rafflenbeul ◽

Catherine-Isabelle Gros ◽

François Lefebvre ◽

Sophie Bahi-Gross ◽

Raphaëlle Maizeray ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Data Sets ◽

Maxillary Canine ◽

3D Data ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Summary Objectives The aim of this retrospective study was to assess in maxillary canine impaction cases both the prevalence of root resorption of adjacent teeth among untreated children and adolescents, and its associated risk factors. Subjects and methods Sixty subjects (mean age 12.2 years; SD 1.9; range 8–17 years) with 83 displaced maxillary canines and without any past or ongoing orthodontic treatment were included in this study. The presence of root resorption was evaluated on images from a single cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) unit. Potential risk factors were measured on the CBCT images and on panoramic reconstructions of the 3D data sets. The sample was characterized by descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regressions were performed to predict root resorption. Results Root resorption of at least one adjacent tooth was detected in 67.5 per cent of the affected quadrants. It was found that 55.7 per cent of the lateral incisors, 8.4 per cent of the central incisors, and 19.5 per cent of first premolars were resorbed. Of the detected resorptions, 71.7 per cent were considered slight, 14.9 per cent moderate, and 13.4 per cent severe. Contact between the displaced canine(s) and the adjacent teeth roots was the only identified statistically significant risk factor, all teeth being considered (odds ratio [OR] = 18.7, 95% confidence interval: 2.26–756, P < 0.01). An enlarged canine dental follicle, a peg upper lateral, or an upper lateral agenesis were not significantly associated with root resorption of adjacent teeth, nor were age nor gender. Conclusions Root resorption of adjacent teeth was detected in more than two-thirds of a sample of sixty untreated children and adolescents.

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Major clinical risk factors for seizures in febrile children aged 6 to 60 months.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.05.3397 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (05) ◽

pp. 891-894

Author(s):

Shahid Ishaq ◽

Ejaz Mazari ◽

Fazal ur Rehman

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

Febrile Seizures ◽

Study Groups ◽

Clinical Risk Factors ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Clinical Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of

Objectives: Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common type of seizures and typically transpire in children with ages from 6 to 60 months. This study was planned to find out major clinical risk factors for seizures in febrile children who were aged 6 to 60 months. A total of 100 febrile children aged 6 to 60. Study Design: Analytical Study. Setting: Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Multan. Period: From 1st April 2018 to 31st December 2018. Material & Methods: Group A had 40 children with febrile seizures while group B had 60 febrile children but without seizures. Demographic features along with family history of (H/O) epilepsy as well as family history of febrile seizure, types of seizure and infection diseases were noted and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Odds ratio was calculated for various risk factors. Chi square test was applied and P value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Out of a total of 100 children, there were 54 (54.0%) male and 46 (46.0%) female. There was no statistical difference in terms of gender between the two groups (p value = 0.566). Overall, mean age of the children was 26.02 months with standard deviation of 13.4 months. There were 28 (70.0%) children who reported with simple seizures while complex seizures were found in 12 (30.0%) cases. Statistically significant difference (p value = 0.001) was seen in terms of types of infections between the two study groups. When risk of seizures for various risk factors was calculated, family H/O FS, family H/O epilepsy, and upper RTI were as 14, 7 and 3 times respectively and turned out to be the major risk factors for seizures in febrile children. Conclusions: Family H/O FS, family H/O epilepsy and upper RTIs are the major risk factors related with seizures in febrile children. Measures to prevent these risk factors can decrease the burden of FS in our population.

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Improving California's Bay Area Rapid Transit District Connectivity and Access with Segway Human Transporter and Other Low-Speed Mobility Devices

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198105192700122 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 1927 (1) ◽

pp. 189-194

Author(s):

Susan A. Shaheen ◽

Caroline J. Rodier ◽

Amanda M. Eaken

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Field Test ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Rapid Transit ◽

Legislative History ◽

Low Speed ◽

Bay Area ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

History Of ◽

Speed Mode

To evaluate the potential for low-speed modes to improve transit access, the EasyConnect field test will offer shared-use Segway Human Transporters (HT), electric bicycles, and bicycles linked to a Bay Area Rapid Transit District station and surrounding employment centers in California. Because of safety concerns, research was conducted to understand the risks associated with these modes and potential risk factors. A review of the safety literature indicates that user error is the major cause of low-speed mode crashes, and significant risk factors are poor surface conditions and obstructions to drivers’ vision. As a result, an extensive training program and carefully selected routes have been included in the field test. The regulatory and legislative history of the HT is chronicled to understand how concerns about its interaction with pedestrians have produced legislation that includes specific safety requirements. The low-speed modes used in this project will be equipped with safety devices, and participants will be required to wear helmets. The survey results of 13 HT implementation projects provide insight into potential advantages and challenges to the field test. Results of interviews and meetings with field test stakeholders are presented with a discussion of their influence on the field test design. Finally, conclusions and future project steps are discussed.

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Risk factors for mortality in children with Wilms tumor

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi56.4.2016.226-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 226

Author(s):

Yuni Purwanti ◽

Sutaryo Sutaryo ◽

Sri Mulatsih ◽

Pungky Ardani Kusuma

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Wilms Tumor ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Potential Risk Factors

Background Wilms tumor is the most common renal malignancy in children (95%) and one of the leading causes of death in children, with high mortality rates in developing countries. Identifying risk factors for mortality is important in order to provide early intervention to improve cure rates.Objective To identify risk factors for mortality in children with Wilms tumor.Methods We performed a case-control study of children (0-18 years of age) with Wilms tumor admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital between 2005 and 2012. The case group consisted of children who died of Wilms tumor, whereas the control group were children who survived. Data were collected from medical records. Statistical analyses using Chi-square and logistic regression tests were done to determine odds ratios and 95% CI of the potential risk factors for mortality from Wilms tumor.Results Thirty-five children with Wilms tumor were admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital during the study period. Nine (26%) children died and 26 survived. Stage ≥III was a significant risk factor for mortality in chidren with Wilms tumor (OR 62.8; 95%CI 5.6 to 70.5). Age ≥2 years (OR 1.4; 95%CI 0.1 to 14.3) and male sex (OR 1.2; 95%CI 0.1 to 10.8) were not significant risk factors for mortality.Conclusion Stage ≥III is a risk factor for mortality in children with Wilms tumor.

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Adolescent-Onset Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Disease Features

Dermatology ◽

10.1159/000493465 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 235 (1) ◽

pp. 45-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alejandro Molina-Leyva ◽

Carlos Cuenca-Barrales

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽

Disease Duration ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Sex ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Sex Positive

Background/Aims: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory and destructive skin disorder. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to stop its progression. Data concerning adolescent-onset HS are scarce. The aims of this study are to describe the prevalence of adolescent-onset HS and to explore potential risk factors and the disease features of these patients. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study including 134 patients was performed. Results: Adolescent-onset HS occurred in 51.5% (69/134) of patients. Adolescent-onset HS was associated with female sex, positive family history, presence of pilonidal sinus, acne conglobata, longer disease duration and a worse perception of disease severity. Conclusion: Adolescent-onset HS might be more frequent than previously reported. Female sex, positive family history and the presence of elements of the follicular occlusion tetrad identify individuals with a higher risk of early onset. These patients experience a longer disease duration and perceive their disease as severer.

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Associations between risk factors and developmental dysplasia of the hip and ultrasonographic hip type: a retrospective case control study

Journal of Children s Orthopaedics ◽

10.1302/1863-2548.13.180174 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 161-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H. Ömeroğlu ◽

A. Akceylan ◽

N. Köse

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Family History ◽

Hip Dysplasia ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Breech Presentation ◽

Developmental Dysplasia ◽

Type I ◽

Dysplasia Of The Hip

Purpose We aimed to revisit the correlation between the previously defined risk factors and the occurrence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and to assess the influence of these factors on the ultrasonographic type of hip dysplasia according to the Graf’s classification in patients with DDH. Methods Data of healthy infants (mean age 33 days) who had bilateral mature (normal) hips (Graf type I) were compared with the data of infants (mean age 105 days) who were treated by abduction brace due to unilateral or bilateral DDH (Graf type IIa- and worse hips). Results Infants with at least one risk factor had a significantly higher rate of DDH than those with no risk factors (p < 0.001). Likewise, infants with more than one risk factor had a significantly higher rate of DDH than those with only one risk factor (p = 0.008). Family history, breech presentation and swaddling were found to be the three significant risk factors related to the development of DDH. Family history, swaddling and oligohydramnios were found to be the three significant risk factors correlated with a higher rate of unstable/decentred hip(s) (Graf types D/III/IV) in patients with DDH. Conclusion The risk of DDH significantly increases in infants who have more than one risk factor for DDH. Positive family history and postnatal traditional swaddling are the two main factors both in the aetiology of DDH and in development of a more severe hip dysplasia in patients with DDH. Besides, breech presentation increases the risk of development of DDH and oligohydramnios leads to development of a more severe hip dysplasia in patients with DDH. By introducing these four variables as ‘absolute risk factors for DDH’ to the selective newborn hip screening programmes, the sensitivity and specificity of these programmes may be optimized and the risk of delayed diagnosis may be lessened. Level of Evidence Level III prognostic study

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Parental risk factors associated with congenital heart disease in a Thai population: multivariable analysis

Asian Biomedicine ◽

10.2478/abm-2021-0033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 267-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chayamon Suwansumrit ◽

Worawan Jittham

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Maternal Exposure ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of

Abstract Background Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common types of birth defects and contribute to a large proportion of infant morbidities and mortalities worldwide. These defects may require multiple surgical interventions impacting the infant's quality of life. Objectives To identify risk factors associated with CHD in a population of Thai children. Methods We conducted a case–control study of patients attending the Pediatric Clinic, Naresuan University Hospital, Thailand. We included data from pediatric patients diagnosed with CHDs as cases, and patients without cardiovascular abnormalities as controls. Risk data were collected from July 2019 to April 2020 using face-to-face interviews. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze parental factors associated with CHDs. Results We included 249 cases classified into 2 groups according to severity and 304 patients as controls. For those less-severely affected (155 patients, 62.2%), ventricular septal defect (27.7%) was the most prevalent, whereas for those with severe CHDs, tetralogy of Fallot was the most prevalent (14.0%). There was no difference in sex distribution or maternal obstetric history between the groups. In multivariable analysis, a family history of CHDs (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.61–13.57, P = 0.005) and maternal exposure to second-hand cigarette smoke (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.03–2.42, P = 0.002) were identified as significant risk factors for CHDs. Conclusion A family history of CHDs and maternal exposure to second-hand cigarette smoke are associated with having offspring with CHDs in the population studied. These findings help us to encourage affected parents to obtain a fetal echocardiogram.

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