Cryptochrome-dependent magnetoreception in heteropteran insect continues even after 24 hours in darkness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radek Netušil ◽  
Kateřina Tomanová ◽  
Lenka Chodáková ◽  
Daniela Chvalová ◽  
David Doležel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Null Mutant ◽  
Pyrrhocoris Apterus ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Working Model ◽  
Magnetic Conditioning

Sensitivity to magnetic fields is dependent on the intensity and color of light in several animal species. The of light-dependent magnetoreception working model points to Cryptochrome (Cry) as a protein able to cooperate with its cofactor flavin, which possibly becomes a magnetically susceptible pair upon excitation by light. What type of Cry is involved as well as what pair of magnetosensitive radicals are responsible is still elusive. Therefore, we developed a conditioning assay for the firebug (the firebug) Pyrrhocoris apterus, an insect species that possesses only the mammalian Cryptochrome (Cry II). Here, using the engineered Cry II null mutant, we show that: i) vertebrate-like Cry II is an essential component of the magnetoreception response, and ii) magnetic conditioning continues even after 25 hours in darkness. The light-dependent and dark-persisting magnetoreception based on Cry II may inspire new perspectives in magnetoreception and Cryptochrome research.

STUDY REGARDING THE APHIDOFAGOUS FAUNA STRUCTURE IN THE PEACH ORCHARDS FROM CONSTANTA COUNTY IN 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Andrei Chiriloaie-Palade ◽  
Mădălina Radulea ◽  
Gheorghe Lămureanu ◽  
Ștefan Ion Mocanu ◽  
Maria Iamandei
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Management System ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Predatory Insect ◽  
Predatory Insects ◽  
Aphid Populations

"The cosmopolitan aphid species Myzus persicae is a key pest of peach orchards in south and southeastern Romania. The phenomenon of resistance induced by the intensive use of insecticides is a matter of concern for farmers and protectionists, making necessary integrated measure for the control of this pest. Conservation of natural enemy’s populations is an essential component of any management system proposed for pest aphids. The aim of the study was to determine the structure of predatory insects associated with Myzus persicae populations in peach orchards. The research was carried out in three orchards from two localities from Constanta County, in peach plantations with Springcrest variety aged 7, 11 and 12 years. As a result of this study, there were determined a total of 15 predatory insect species belonging to eight systematic families: Coccinellidae, Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae, Syrphydae, Cecidomyiidae, Panorpidae, Nabidae and Forficulidae, which naturally contribute to the reduction of the green peach aphid populations. "

scholarly journals A cognitive model’s view of animal cognition

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney D’mello ◽  
Stan Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Working Model ◽  
Hypotheses Generation

Abstract Although it is a relatively new field of study, the animal cognition literature is quite extensive and difficult to synthesize. This paper explores the contributions a comprehensive, computational, cognitive model can make toward organizing and assimilating this literature, as well as toward identifying important concepts and their interrelations. Using the LIDA model as an example, a framework is described within which to integrate the diverse research in animal cognition. Such a framework can provide both an ontology of concepts and their relations, and a working model of an animal’s cognitive processes that can compliment active empirical research. In addition to helping to account for a broad range of cognitive processes, such a model can help to comparatively assess the cognitive capabilities of different animal species. After deriving an ontology for animal cognition from the LIDA model, we apply it to develop the beginnings of a database that maps the cognitive facilities of a variety of animal species. We conclude by discussing future avenues of research, particularly the use of computational models of animal cognition as valuable tools for hypotheses generation and testing.

Differences in phosphatidylcholine profiles and identification of characteristic phosphatidylcholine molecules in meat animal species and meat cut locations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Yamamoto ◽  
Shigeki Kato ◽  
Nanami Senoo ◽  
Noriyuki Miyoshi ◽  
Akihito Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Meat Animal

Abstract Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is an essential component of the plasma membrane. Its profile varies with species and tissues. However, the PC profiles in meat have not been explored in depth. This study aimed to investigate the differences in PC profiles between various meat animal species and meat cut sites, along with the identification of characteristic PC molecules. The results demonstrated that the PC profiles of chicken meat differed from those of other species. Significant differences were also observed between the PC profiles of pork meat and the meat obtained from other species. The amount of PCs containing ether bonds was high in pork meat. PCs containing an odd number of carbon atoms was characteristic of beef and lamb meats. Furthermore, PC profiles differed based on the muscle location in chicken and pork. These results suggest that the PC profiles of skeletal muscles are indicators of animal species and muscle location.

scholarly journals Non-Axisymmetric Magnetic Structure Generation in Planets Sun and Galaxies

1993 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
S.V. Starchenko
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Magnetic Structure ◽  
Thin Shell ◽  
Spiral Galaxies ◽  
Axially Symmetric ◽  
Structure Generation ◽  
Essential Component

The problem of preferential excitation of non-axially symmetric magnetic fields in most of the observed spiral galaxies and in planets as Uranus and Neptune is studied. It is suggested that a dynamo acting in a thin conductive shell is possible in these objects.It is shown that in this thin shell axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric magnetic field modes can be excited with equal efficiency. The preferential excitation of non-axially symmetric magnetic fields is possible, when the gradient of the angular velocity of rotation is comparatively small and has an essential component perpendicular to the shell.

scholarly journals Dose old age lead to gluttony? Effects of aging on predation and locomotion in the assassin bug Amphibolus venator

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentarou Matsumura ◽  
Mana Iwaya ◽  
Naohisa Nagaya ◽  
Ryusuke Fujisawa ◽  
Takahisa Miyatake
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Foraging Ability ◽  
Assassin Bug ◽  
Effects Of Aging

AbstractAnimal behaviors are often affected by aging. In many insect species, locomotor activity decreases with aging. Foraging ability may also decrease with aging. However, few studies have investigated the effects of aging on both locomotor activity and foraging ability. In the present study, we tested the aging effect on locomotor activity and foraging ability in the assassin bug Amphibolus venator. The present results showed that locomotor activity decreased with age, similar to findings in many other animal species. However, foraging ability increased with age. Namely, the decline in locomotor activity with age did not lead to a decline in foraging ability. The positive relationship between foraging ability and age may be related to the type of predation, sit-and-wait, used by A. venator via alterations in investment in reproductive traits with age.

scholarly journals Neural Mechanisms of Observational Learning: A Neural Working Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixi Kang ◽  
Sònia Pineda Hernández ◽  
Jie Mei
Keyword(s):  
Observational Learning ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Working Model ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Review Current

Humans and some animal species are able to learn stimulus-response (S-R) associations by observing others' behavior. It saves energy and time and avoids the danger of trying the wrong actions. Observational learning (OL) depends on the capability of mapping the actions of others into our own behaviors, processing outcomes, and combining this knowledge to serve our goals. Observational learning plays a central role in the learning of social skills, cultural knowledge, and tool use. Thus, it is one of the fundamental processes in which infants learn about and from adults (Byrne and Russon, 1998). In this paper, we review current methodological approaches employed in observational learning research. We highlight the important role of the prefrontal cortex and cognitive flexibility to support this learning process, develop a new neural working model of observational learning, illustrate how imitation relates to observational learning, and provide directions for future research.

scholarly journals Age-dependent walking and feeding of the assassin bug Amphibolus venator

Behaviour ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Kentarou Matsumura ◽  
Mana Iwaya ◽  
Naohisa Nagaya ◽  
Ryusuke Fujisawa ◽  
Takahisa Miyatake
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Assassin Bug ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Animal behaviours often dependent on age. In many insect species, walking shows an age-dependent decline, and food intake may also be dependent on age. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between age and walking or food intake. In the present study, we compared walking traits and food intake among individuals of different ages in the assassin bug Amphibolus venator (Hemiptera, Reduviidae). The present results showed an age-dependent decline in walking, similar to findings in many animal species. On the other hand, food intake showed a positive correlation with age. Therefore, the decline in walking did not lead to a decline in feeding. The positive relationship between food intake and age may be related to the type of predation, sit-and-wait, used by A. venator via alterations in investment in reproductive traits with age.

Calculated Coronal Magnetic Fields and Their Comparison with the Coronal Structures as Observed during Five Solar Eclipses

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 559-564
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož ◽  
J. Sýkora
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Solar Corona ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Fields ◽  
Solar Eclipses ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractWe were successful in observing the solar corona during five solar eclipses (1973-1991). For the eclipse days the coronal magnetic field was calculated by extrapolation from the photosphere. Comparison of the observed and calculated coronal structures is carried out and some peculiarities of this comparison, related to the different phases of the solar cycle, are presented.

Radio Measurements of Coronal Magnetic Fields

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Gelfreikh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Solar Corona ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Transverse Magnetic ◽  
Radio Sources ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Solar Active Regions

AbstractA review of methods of measuring magnetic fields in the solar corona using spectral-polarization observations at microwaves with high spatial resolution is presented. The methods are based on the theory of thermal bremsstrahlung, thermal cyclotron emission, propagation of radio waves in quasi-transverse magnetic field and Faraday rotation of the plane of polarization. The most explicit program of measurements of magnetic fields in the atmosphere of solar active regions has been carried out using radio observations performed on the large reflector radio telescope of the Russian Academy of Sciences — RATAN-600. This proved possible due to good wavelength coverage, multichannel spectrographs observations and high sensitivity to polarization of the instrument. Besides direct measurements of the strength of the magnetic fields in some cases the peculiar parameters of radio sources, such as very steep spectra and high brightness temperatures provide some information on a very complicated local structure of the coronal magnetic field. Of special interest are the results found from combined RATAN-600 and large antennas of aperture synthesis (VLA and WSRT), the latter giving more detailed information on twodimensional structure of radio sources. The bulk of the data obtained allows us to investigate themagnetospheresof the solar active regions as the space in the solar corona where the structures and physical processes are controlled both by the photospheric/underphotospheric currents and surrounding “quiet” corona.

Emergence of Twisted Magnetic Flux Related Sigmoidal Brightening

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 263-264
Author(s):  
K. Sundara Raman ◽  
K. B. Ramesh ◽  
R. Selvendran ◽  
P. S. M. Aleem ◽  
K. M. Hiremath
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Energy Storage And Conversion ◽  
The Sun ◽  
X Rays ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Extended AbstractWe have examined the morphological properties of a sigmoid associated with an SXR (soft X-ray) flare. The sigmoid is cospatial with the EUV (extreme ultra violet) images and in the optical part lies along an S-shaped Hαfilament. The photoheliogram shows flux emergence within an existingδtype sunspot which has caused the rotation of the umbrae giving rise to the sigmoidal brightening.It is now widely accepted that flares derive their energy from the magnetic fields of the active regions and coronal levels are considered to be the flare sites. But still a satisfactory understanding of the flare processes has not been achieved because of the difficulties encountered to predict and estimate the probability of flare eruptions. The convection flows and vortices below the photosphere transport and concentrate magnetic field, which subsequently appear as active regions in the photosphere (Rust & Kumar 1994 and the references therein). Successive emergence of magnetic flux, twist the field, creating flare productive magnetic shear and has been studied by many authors (Sundara Ramanet al.1998 and the references therein). Hence, it is considered that the flare is powered by the energy stored in the twisted magnetic flux tubes (Kurokawa 1996 and the references therein). Rust & Kumar (1996) named the S-shaped bright coronal loops that appear in soft X-rays as ‘Sigmoids’ and concluded that this S-shaped distortion is due to the twist developed in the magnetic field lines. These transient sigmoidal features tell a great deal about unstable coronal magnetic fields, as these regions are more likely to be eruptive (Canfieldet al.1999). As the magnetic fields of the active regions are deep rooted in the Sun, the twist developed in the subphotospheric flux tube penetrates the photosphere and extends in to the corona. Thus, it is essentially favourable for the subphotospheric twist to unwind the twist and transmit it through the photosphere to the corona. Therefore, it becomes essential to make complete observational descriptions of a flare from the magnetic field changes that are taking place in different atmospheric levels of the Sun, to pin down the energy storage and conversion process that trigger the flare phenomena.

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