Emissions performance of Korean vehicles with different vehicle specification, mileage and fuel

2002 ◽  
Vol 216 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-529
Author(s):  
J Ryu ◽  
J Song
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Valve Train ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Liquid Petroleum Gas ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles ◽  
Induction Type ◽  
Filter Type ◽  
Legal Restrictions

This study investigates the effect of vehicle mileage, vehicle characteristics and the fuels on exhaust gas performance. In order to research this topic, 1260 vehicles with spark ignition engines and 960 vehicles with compression ignition engines were sampled and surveyed. The exhaust emissions are measured with a CO-hydrocarbon (HC) emission gas analyser and a filter-type smoke analyser. The results show that the amount of emission gas is not directly related to the mileage covered by the vehicle. However, the engine specifications, such as valve train type or air induction type, influence emissions. In addition, the liquid petroleum gas (LPG) vehicles emit more CO and HC than gasoline vehicles, although it is widely known that an LPG engine emits less exhaust. Smaller cars emit a lot of CO and HC compared with a larger car, and 1300 and 1800 cm3 displacement volume vehicles also produce higher exhaust emissions. These results indicate that new legal restrictions are required and more research on reducing emissions is needed.

Study of the Variations in Cylinder-Exhaust-Gas Temperature Over Inlet Air and Operation-Input Parameters of Compression-Ignition Engines

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

Cylinder-exhaust-gas temperature (Texh) of a turbocharged compression-ignition engine indicates the levels of engine thermal loading on cylinder and exhaust components, thermal efficiency performance, and engine exhaust emissions. In consideration that Texh is affected by engine air inlet condition that primarily includes inlet air temperature (Ti) and pressure (pi), this paper studies the variation (ΔTexh) of Texh over varying the engine inlet air parameters of compression-ignition engines. The study is to understand ΔTexh with appropriate relations between the inlet parameters and Texh being identified and simply modeled. The regarded effects on Texh and ΔTexh for both naturally aspirated and turbocharged engines of this type are analyzed and predicted. The results indicate that Texh increases as Ti increases or pi decreases. The rate of variation in ΔTexh over varying Ti or pressure pi is smaller in a turbocharged engine than that in a naturally aspirated engine, as reflected from the model and results of the analysis. The results also indicate, for instance, Texh would increase approximately by ∼2 °C as Ti increases by 1 °C or increase by ∼35 °C as pi decreases by 10−2 MPa, as predicted for a typical high-power turbocharged diesel engine operating at a typical full-load condition. The design and operating parameters significant in influencing ΔTexh along with varying Ti or pi are studied in addition. These include the degree of engine cylinder compression, the level of intake manifold air temperature, the magnitude of intake air boost, and the quantity of cycle combustion thermal input. As those parameters change, the rate of variation in Texh varies. For instance, the results indicate that the rate of ΔTexh versus the inlet air parameters would increase as the quantity of cycle combustion thermal input becomes higher. With the understanding of ΔTexh, the engine output performances of thermal loading, efficiency, and exhaust emissions, concerning engine operation at variable ambient temperature or pressure, can be understood and evaluated for the purpose of engine analysis, design, and optimization.

Study of Cylinder-Exhaust-Gas-Temperature Variations Over Inlet Air Parameters of Compression-Ignition Engines

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

Cylinder-exhaust-gas temperature (Texh) of a turbocharged compression-ignition engine indicates the levels of engine thermal loading on cylinder and exhaust components, thermal efficiency performance, and engine exhaust emissions. In consideration that Texh is affected by engine air inlet condition that primarily includes inlet air temperature (Ti) and pressure (pi), this paper studies the variation (ΔTexh) of Texh over varying the engine inlet air parameters of compression-ignition engines. The study is to understand ΔTexh with appropriate relations between the inlet parameters and Texh identified and simply modeled. The regarded effects on Texh and ΔTexh for turbocharged engines of this type are analyzed and predicted. The results indicate that Texh generally increases as Ti increases or pi decreases. For example, Texh would increase by ∼2 °C as Ti increases by 1 °C or increase by ∼35 °C as pi decreases by 10−2 MPa, as predicted for a typical high-power turbocharged diesel engine. The design and operating parameters significant in influencing ΔTexh along with varying Ti or pi are also studied. These include the degree of engine cylinder compression, the level of intake manifold air temperature, the magnitude of intake air boost, and the quantity of cycle combustion thermal input. As those change, the rate of variation in Texh varies. For instance, the results indicate that the rate of ΔTexh versus the inlet air parameters would increase as the quantity of cycle combustion thermal input becomes higher. With the understanding of ΔTexh, the engine output performances of thermal loading, efficiency, and exhaust emissions, concerning engine operation at variable ambient temperature or pressure, can be understood and evaluated for the purpose of engine analysis, design and optimization.

scholarly journals Ethanol/Gasoline Blends as Alternative Fuel in Last Generation Spark-Ignition Engines: A Review on CO and HC Engine Out Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4034
Author(s):  
Paolo Iodice ◽  
Massimo Cardone
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
The Impact

Among the alternative fuels existing for spark-ignition engines, ethanol is considered worldwide as an important renewable fuel when mixed with pure gasoline because of its favorable physicochemical properties. An in-depth and updated investigation on the issue of CO and HC engine out emissions related to use of ethanol/gasoline fuels in spark-ignition engines is therefore necessary. Starting from our experimental studies on engine out emissions of a last generation spark-ignition engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels, the aim of this new investigation is to offer a complete literature review on the present state of ethanol combustion in last generation spark-ignition engines under real working conditions to clarify the possible change in CO and HC emissions. In the first section of this paper, a comparison between physicochemical properties of ethanol and gasoline is examined to assess the practicability of using ethanol as an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines and to investigate the effect on engine out emissions and combustion efficiency. In the next section, this article focuses on the impact of ethanol/gasoline fuels on CO and HC formation. Many studies related to combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions in spark-ignition engines fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels are thus discussed in detail. Most of these experimental investigations conclude that the addition of ethanol with gasoline fuel mixtures can really decrease the CO and HC exhaust emissions of last generation spark-ignition engines in several operating conditions.

A Converted Two-Stroke Cycle Engine for Compression Ignition Combustion

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Mahmoudzadeh Andwari ◽  
Azhar Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mohd Farid Muhamad Said ◽  
Zulkarnain Abdul Latiff
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Cyclic Variation ◽  
Cyclic Variability ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Combustion ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Stroke Cycle

A new kind of alternative combustion concept that has attracted attention intensively in recent years is called controlled auto-ignition (CAI) combustion. CAI combustion has been proposed and partially implemented with the aim of both improving the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines, achieving cleaner exhaust emissions and lower cyclic variation. An experimental study is conducted through a CAI two-stroke cycle engine in order to investigate the influence of internal exhaust gas recirculation (In-EGR) and external exhaust gas recirculation (Ex-EGR) variation in relation to combustion cyclic variability and exhaust emissions characteristics. Results implied that cyclic variation of both combustion-related and pressure-related parameter is substantially improved. Furthermore remarkable decreased exhaust emissions, unburned hydrocarbon (uHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric dioxide (NOX), was observed.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF THE USE OF D-LIMONENE AS AN ADDITIVE TO DIESEL-BIODIESEL BLENDS ON EXHAUST GASES COMPOSITION OF COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINES

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
L. F. Micheli ◽  
D. L. Módolo ◽  
L. E. R. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Fuel Injectors ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines

The transesterification of vegetable oils results in methyl esters of fatty acid, known as biodiesel. This one presents similar features of diesel oil, such as cetane number, specific weight, heat of combustion and air-fuel ratio. However, arising problems from its higher viscosity leads to a poor spraying by the fuel injectors and so to a low-grade combustion, causing formation of undesirable deposits inside the engine, changes in the properties of the lubricating oil and in the composition of the exhaust gas. Owing to this issue, it is necessary to study an additive able to make biodiesel characteristics more appropriate to be used in compression ignition engines, as well as a monitoring of changes in exhaust gas composition. The chosen additive was d-limonene, a monocyclic terpene obtained as a byproduct of citriculture. This paper presents the preliminary results obtained from the tests in a stationary diesel engine fuelled with mixtures of diesel-biodiesel and d-limonene, in different concentrations, comparing to regular diesel fuel. Although it was used in low concentrations, the additive was efficient in the reduction of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and opacity.

scholarly journals Study on Valve Strategy and Fuel Benefits of Skip Fire Based on Electromagnetic Valve Train

2018 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Maoyang Hu ◽  
Siqin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Valve Train ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Firing Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Electromagnetic Valve ◽  
Brake Mean Effective Pressure

Cylinder deactivation (CDA) is a fuel consumption reduction technology for gasoline engines. Skip fire is a new type of CDA because the load and the density of firing cylinder are in proportion to the torque demand. However, it is difficult to realize because valves need to be switched between valve deactivation and normal operation stroke by stroke. The Electromagnetic valve train (EMVT) provides a fully flexible control method to achieve skip fire. In the paper, a new skip fire strategy based on electromagnetic intake valve train (EMIV) is proposed. Then, the oxygen concentration of the exhaust pipe, energy losses, in-cylinder pressure of the skipped cycle and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate of the firing cycle are studied by the 1D simulation in GT-Power. The results shows the majority of gas sucked into the skipped cylinder is exhaust gas by reasonable control of IVO and IVC, and the exhaust oxygen-rich can be avoided. Meanwhile, EGR rate of the firing cylinder and energy losses of the skipped cylinder are maintained at lower level. At the conditions of 1200 and 1600 rpm, fuel economy has been improved respectively 8.1%-16.6% and 6.4%-14.6% when the brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) ranges from 0.4MPa to 0.2MPa.

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