Assessing the Impact of a School Subsidy Program in Mexico: Using a Social Experiment to Validate a Dynamic Behavioral Model of Child Schooling and Fertility

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1384-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra E Todd ◽  
Kenneth I Wolpin
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Social Experiment ◽  
Child Schooling ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
School Attainment ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Average School ◽  
Similar Cost ◽  
Program Data

This paper uses data from a randomized social experiment in Mexico to estimate and validate a dynamic behavioral model of parental decisions about fertility and child schooling, to evaluate the effects of the PROGRESA school subsidy program, and to perform a variety of counterfactual experiments of policy alternatives. Our method of validation estimates the model without using post-program data and then compares the model's predictions about program impacts to the experimental impact estimates. The results show that the model's predicted program impacts track the experimental results. Our analysis of counterfactual policies reveals an alternative subsidy schedule that would induce a greater impact on average school attainment at similar cost to the existing program.

scholarly journals The Role of Dopamine Receptor D2 in Bridging the Intention-Behavior Gap in Sport Participation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2379
Author(s):  
Seiyeong Park ◽  
Junhye Kwon ◽  
Chiyoung Ahn ◽  
Hae-Sung Cho ◽  
Hyo Youl Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dopamine Receptor D2 ◽  
The Impact

Previous studies have identified that a behavior can occur through the strongest predictor intention, but there is a gap between intention and behavior. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) is known to account for a variance in sporting behaviors in human and animal subjects. However, the relationship between DRD2 and sport participation has been poorly studied, and the limited available reports are inconsistent. The present study was performed to examine the impact of DRD2 on sport participation among Korean university students based on the integrated behavioral model (IBM). Data were collected from enrolled university students in Seoul (N = 45). Participants answered survey questions first, and then they gave investigators their hair to provide DNA information (i.e., the A1 allele of DRD2). DRD2 had a significant effect on sport participation, but only in male students. Male students who carried the A1 allele of DRD2 significantly participated in 105.10 min more sporting activities than male students who did not. Moreover, the effect of intention on sport participation was significantly decreased when considering DRD2. Despite the small sample size, the results of this study could be a preliminary case for a larger study and indicate the direction of future research. Our results suggest that DRD2 may have played an important role as the “actual skill” shown in the IBM.

THE IMPACT OF INFLATION ON THE EVALUATION OF CREDIT POLICY ALTERNATIVES

1981 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-42
Author(s):  
John A. Halloran ◽  
Howard P. Lanser
Keyword(s):  
Credit Policy ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
The Impact

Using a decision support tool to screen for pro-poor policies: Application of Extrapolate to smallholder dairy systems in East Africa

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
P. K. Thornton ◽  
P. J. Thorne ◽  
C. Quiros ◽  
D. Sheikh ◽  
R. L. Kruska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Intervention Mapping ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact

Extrapolate (EX-ante Tool for RAnking POLicy AlTErnatives) is a decision support tool to assess the impact of policy measures on different target groups. It is designed to serve as a “filter” that, given the broad characteristics of the population, allows the user to sift through different policy measures to assess ex ante the broad potential impacts of these before deciding to look at particular policy options in more detail. Extrapolate models, in a very simple way, the impact of changes on constraints facing potential beneficiary groups, and how these may affect outcomes and their livelihood status. Extrapolate now makes use of mapping facilities from another decision-support tool, PRIMAS (Poverty Reduction Intervention Mapping in Agricultural Systems), that allows the user to match characteristics of particular technological options and constraints with the spatial characteristics of particular target groups in the landscape.

scholarly journals The Impact of an Experimental Guaranteed Income on Crime and Violence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Calnitsky ◽  
Pilar Gonalons-Pons
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Social Experiment ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Would unconditional cash payments reduce crime and violence? This paper examines data on crime and violence in the context of an understudied social experiment from the late 1970s called the Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment, or Mincome. We combine town-level crime statistics for all medium-sized Canadian Prairie towns with town-level socio-demographic data from the census to study how an experimental guaranteed income affected both violent crime and total crime. We find a significant negative relationship between Mincome and both outcomes. We also decompose total crime and analyze its main components, property crime and “other” crime, and find a significant negative relationship between Mincome and property crime. While the impact on property crime is theoretically straightforward, we close by speculating on the mechanisms that might link the availability of guaranteed annual income payments to a decline in violence, focusing on the mechanisms that shape patterns of inter-partner violence.

scholarly journals Fortifying baladi Bread in Egypt: Reaching More than 50 Million People through the Subsidy Program

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. S260-S271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Elhakim ◽  
Arnaud Laillou ◽  
Anwar El Nakeeb ◽  
Rukia Yacoub ◽  
Magdy Shehata
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Background Micronutrient deficiencies, especially iron-deficiency anemia, are a public health problem in Egypt, where anemia rates almost doubled in the years from 2000 to 2005. In 2008, the Government of Egypt began implementation of a 5-year national program to fortify with iron and folic acid the wheat flour used in baking subsidized baladi bread, the staple food consumed by a majority of low-income groups. Objective To project the achievements of this national Wheat Flour Fortification Program. Methods This paper describes the program, estimates the production of fortified flour and consumption of fortified bread, and identifies program challenges and sustainability issues. Results Through the national Wheat Flour Fortification Program, ferrous sulfate and folic acid are now added to all wheat flour produced under the national Food Subsidy Program. Up to 50 million Egyptians nationwide are now consuming quality-assured fortified baladi bread on a daily basis. In 2011, 6.5 million MT of fortified wheat flour was produced by 143 participating public- and private-sector mills. Political changes in Egypt in 2011 did not seem to affect the program; the new leadership in the Ministry of Supply and Internal Trade remains committed to fortification of wheat flour. Conclusions The daily intake of approximately 12 mg of iron and 600 μg of folic acid through the consumption of baladi bread suggests that the impact of the program on the prevention and reduction of iron and folate deficiencies among the Egyptian population could be significant; the results of an end-line survey are pending.

scholarly journals Quantifying fishers' and citizens' support for Dutch flatfish management policy

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf A. Groeneveld
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
Spawning Stock ◽  
Fisheries Policy ◽  
Minimum Landing Size ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Groeneveld, R. A. 2011. Quantifying fishers' and citizens' support for Dutch flatfish management policy. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 919–928. Fisheries policy is most effective when supported by fishers and the general public. Dutch citizens' and fishers' support for a selection of policy alternatives to enhance the sustainability of the Dutch North Sea cutter fleet is estimated, and the same groups' support for policy alternatives is expressed in monetary terms. A stated-choice survey was held among a representative sample of the Dutch population to assess their average willingness to pay for a selection of policy objectives, and among Dutch flatfish fishers to estimate their willingness to accept a selection of policy measures. The results indicate that citizens are most concerned about the impact of beam trawling on benthic megafauna, because they are on average willing to pay €21.46 per year to reduce the impact, but reducing fishing pressure in the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) spawning period and restoring spawning-stock biomass of plaice and sole (Solea solea) to the levels of maximum sustainable yield are also supported. Fishers seem to support enhanced fines for the use of illegal fishing gear, but they are most opposed to increasing the minimum landing size of sole.

Effect of Model Element Fidelity Within a Complex Function-Based Behavioral Model

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan S. Hutcheson ◽  
Daniel A. McAdams ◽  
Robert B. Stone ◽  
Irem Y. Tumer
Keyword(s):  
Complex Function ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Formula Sae ◽  
Model Fidelity ◽  
Performance Predictions ◽  
The Impact

The Function-based Behavioral Modeling (FBBM) design tool was introduced in prior work as a means of using formal functional modeling as the foundation for creating detailed mathematical models of system behavior. The overall objective of this work is to create a framework for partitioning modeling efforts into functional elements and promoting model storage and re-use through the use of functional models. In prior work, the FBBM method was introduced to model the complete vehicle dynamics of a Formula SAE racecar, highlighting the representation of functionality and the development of behavioral models. The objective of the work presented in the current paper is to demonstrate the ability to incorporate models of varying fidelity within a function-based behavioral model of a complex system. Additionally, the impact of model fidelity on the model’s predictions is addressed. A previously developed model is used as a foundation for developing the necessary new models and illustrating the impact of model fidelity on performance predictions when selecting a tire during early design. The results illustrate that the FBBM framework allows models of varying fidelity to be quickly made and their effect on predicted performance to be measured in order to assist critical early design choices.

scholarly journals Impact of Farmers Home Administration's Future Policies on Northern New England Dairymen

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Sherrill B. Nott ◽  
Laura Calub
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
Northern New England ◽  
Farmers Home Administration ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Home Administration

Individuals working with farmers in the Northern New England States of Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont have claimed that the Farmers Home Administration has increased non-farm loans, while deliberately curtailing new farm loan activities and reducing the service on existing farm loans. If these allegations are true, it is important for the Northern New England agri-business sector to consider the future implications. The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of future policy alternatives available to the Farmers Home Administration on the region's dairy farms.

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