scholarly journals The New Economics of Equilibrium Sorting and Policy Evaluation Using Housing Markets

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1007-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolai V. Kuminoff ◽  
V. Kerry Smith ◽  
Christopher Timmins
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Preference Heterogeneity ◽  
Nonmarket Goods ◽  
Sorting Process ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Individual Choices

Households “sort” across neighborhoods according to their wealth and their preferences for public goods, social characteristics, and commuting opportunities. The aggregation of these individual choices in markets and in other institutions influences the supply of amenities and local public goods. Pollution, congestion, and the quality of public education are examples. Over the past decade, advances in economic models of this sorting process have led to a new framework that promises to alter the ways we conceptualize the policy evaluation process in the future. These “equilibrium sorting” models use the properties of market equilibria, together with information on household behavior, to infer structural parameters that characterize preference heterogeneity. The results can be used to develop theoretically consistent predictions for the welfare implications of future policy changes. Analysis is not confined to marginal effects or a partial equilibrium setting. Nor is it limited to prices and quantities. Sorting models can integrate descriptions of how nonmarket goods are generated, estimate how they affect decision making, and, in turn, predict how they will be affected by future policies targeting prices or quantities. Conversely, sorting models can predict how equilibrium prices and quantities will be affected by policies that target product quality, information, or amenities generated by the sorting process. These capabilities are just beginning to be understood and used in applied research. This survey article aims to synthesize the state of knowledge on equilibrium sorting, the new possibilities for policy analysis, and the conceptual and empirical challenges that define the frontiers of the literature. (JEL C63, D04, E61, H41, R23, R31, R38)

scholarly journals Improving the evidence base for delivery of public goods from public money in agri-environment schemes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Mark S. Reed ◽  
Pippa J. Chapman ◽  
Guy Ziv ◽  
Gavin Stewart ◽  
Helen Kendall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Uncertain Evidence ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Public Money ◽  
Future Policy

There is growing interest around the world in more effectively linking public payments to the provision of public goods from agriculture. However, published evidence syntheses suggest mixed, weak or uncertain evidence for many agri-environment scheme options. To inform any future “public money for public goods” based policy, further synthesis work is needed to assess the evidence-base for the full range of interventions currently funded under agri-environment schemes. Further empirical research and trials should then focus on interventions for which there is mixed or limited evidence. Furthermore, to ensure the data collected is comparable and can be synthesised effectively, it is necessary to reach agreement on essential variables and methods that can be prioritised by those conducting research and monitoring. Future policy could then prioritise public money for the public goods that can most reliably be delivered, offering better value for taxpayers and improving the provision of ecosystem services from agricultural landscapes.

Policy misrecognitions and paradoxes: Developing more contextually attuned access and equity policies in Australian higher education

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 966-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bennett ◽  
Matt Lumb
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Widening Participation ◽  
Higher Education Access ◽  
Education Access ◽  
Access And Equity ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Recent Policy

In this paper we discuss recent policy attempts (in 2017) to introduce new frameworks for Australian higher education access and equity programs. These include introducing fees and a tendering process for access or ‘enabling’ programs, as they are called in Australia, and an evaluation framework based on an evidence hierarchy for widening participation or ‘equity’ programs. We illuminate how those policymaking attempts contradict the conditions required for equity-oriented programs because they misrecognise the experiences of the participants. We argue that different conceptual approaches to provision and evaluation are required for practitioners, providers and policymakers to shape future policy together ( Heimans and Singh, 2018 ) so that enabling and equity programs can be understood in ways that value the knowledges and experiences of the participants involved ( Sayer, 2011 ). Our aim is to contribute to work that disrupts the positioning of ‘objective’ policy evaluation frameworks vs ‘subjective’ practices because this decontextualises ( Burke and Lumb, 2018 ) and oversimplifies ( Tesar, 2016a ), and may serve paradoxically to reduce the programs’ impacts.

scholarly journals Public goods and procreation

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 172-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Anomaly
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Embryo Selection ◽  
Reproductive Choices ◽  
Future People ◽  
Desirable Outcome ◽  
Individual Choices

Abstract Procreation is the ultimate public goods problem. Each new child affects the welfare of many other people, and some (but not all) children produce uncompensated value that future people will enjoy. This essay addresses challenges that arise if we think of procreation and parenting as public goods. These include whether individual choices are likely to lead to a socially desirable outcome, and whether changes in laws, social norms, or access to genetic engineering and embryo selection might improve the aggregate outcome of our reproductive choices.

scholarly journals EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN PELAKSANAAN PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI TERPADU KECAMATAN DI KABUPATEN HALMAHERA TENGAH

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-71
Author(s):  
Laher Ali ◽  
A. Masrich
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Service Agency ◽  
South Central ◽  
Administrative Service ◽  
Management Commitment ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Service Standards ◽  
Weak Coordination

The authors are interested in taking the title Evaluation of Policy Implementation of the Integrated Administrative Service District in Central Halmahera, North Maluku. This study aims to determine how the policy evaluation and implementation PATEN enabling and inhibiting factors PATEN policy implementation. The location of this research is in the district of South Weda Central Halmahera in North Maluku province. This study uses the theory Waynes Parson in Palumbo and the size of the policy evaluation is based on the theory that the evaluation process, the evaluation of formative and summative evaluation. policy resources, communication among organizations, characteristic of the implementing agencies, economic, social and political conditions and the tendencies of implementation. This research uses descriptive method with qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are interviews, document analysis and observation. The data obtained were processed with qualitative data analysis. Informants in this study were 1) the Regent of Halmahera, 2) Regional Secretary, 3) Assistant for Public Administration, Law and Authority, 4) Head of Governance Regional Secretariat of Central Halmahera, 5) Head of Integrated Licensing Service Agency, 6) Head Weda South 7) The community served Based on the research results we concluded that the implementation of the PATEN in the district of South Central Halmahera Weda considered not running optimally. This is due not been reflected in the elaboration of management commitment to the programs and activities of the OPD related, yet the drafting SOP to realize the translation of the vision - the mission of the organization, there are no guidelines for minimum service standards, unclear tasks and functions of the technical team so that the conduct of licensing has not been fully included effective, institutional structure did not reflect the needs and interests of improving the service function to society, Inkonsisiten and lack of support of stakeholders in the implementation of technical policy administration services licensing, not optimal formulation of technical policy administration services licensing, weak coordination between leaders and subordinates in the implementation of integrated license service with the technical team in its OPD and has not implemented the promotion and development of quality apparatus BPPT, facilities and infrastructure not meet minimum service standards have not yet optimal application of ICT-based information system

scholarly journals MICROECONOMICS OF ARCHITECTURE: BETWEEN MARKET AND PUBLIC

2020 ◽  
Vol Vol. 36 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Valentinas Navickas ◽  
Tomas Skripkiunas
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Nonmarket Goods ◽  
The Real Estate Market ◽  
Different Types

The position of architecture between market goods and public goods is addressed in this study. A transition of architectural objects of built environment from market goods towards public or nonmarket goods is presented in literature review. The real estate market value is highly influenced by concepts of externalities and public goods, therefore being highly spatially dependent and making the process of the real estate valuation more complex. The internalization of these externalities and public goods is impossible because of the nature of public space in the city. The concept of value and different types of value, like exchange, use, image, social, environmental, cultural value, are also presented in literature review. These different types of value are transferred to value in exchange when estimating market value. The aim of research is to calculate the amount of the real estate market value that is influenced by externalities, public or nonmarket goods. The process of value transfers between market and public is also discussed in this study. In the research part prices of similar apartments measure the coefficient of variance. Newly constructed apartment buildings with partial finishing interior within city boundaries are selected expecting their price to vary only because of different amount of externalities and public goods available inside district/region of selected building or provided by the actual building itself. The results show that up to 29% of the real estate market value is influenced by public or nonmarket goods. Implications of further research suggest controlling for market segmentation and architectural quality variables

scholarly journals Macroeconomic Modeling for Monetary Policy Evaluation

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Galsí ◽  
Mark Gertler
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
Monetary Transmission ◽  
Price Equilibrium ◽  
Macroeconomic Models ◽  
Macroeconomic Modeling ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Key Aspects

We describe some of the main features of the recent vintage of macroeconomic models used for monetary policy evaluation. We point to some of the key differences with respect to the earlier generation of macro models and highlight the insights for policy that these new frameworks have to offer. Our discussion emphasizes two key aspects of the new models: 1) the significant role of expectations of future policy actions in the monetary transmission mechanism and 2) the importance for the central bank of tracking the flexible price equilibrium values of the natural levels of output and the real interest rate. We argue that both features have important implications for the conduct of monetary policy.

Bargained Justice

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-177
Author(s):  
Albert Weale
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Bargaining Problem ◽  
Competitive Market ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Cooperative Action ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Surplus ◽  
Individual Choices

Gauthier’s Morals by Agreement assumes a laissez-faire original position, in which there is a perfectly competitive market where the equilibrium of individual choices is also economically optimal. Individuals are non-tuistically motivated and their reasoning is agent-relative. However, with externalities, optimality and equilibrium come apart and individuals have to be able to cooperate jointly with one another if their separate interests are to be advanced. Gauthier uses the theory of two-person positive sum bargaining to define the principles upon which the surplus secured by cooperative action is to be allocated. Gauthier’s own proposed formula for resolving the bargaining problem has been effectively criticized. However, his solution is more vulnerable to its assumption that the whole of the factor rent from labour should be included in the social surplus, and well as his neglect of Coase type solutions to the problem of externalities. In respect of public goods, his general theory would also suggest the adoption of Wicksellian taxes. However, his assumption that bargains based on non-tuistic motives can yield a theory of justice is defended.

Public schools, public goods, and public work

2018 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Knight Abowitz ◽  
Sarah M. Stitzlein
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Choice ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Shared Governance ◽  
Good Education ◽  
Public Work ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Choices

When determining whether public schools constitute a public good, it’s important to understand what we mean by a public good. An economic definition, common among school choice advocates, focuses on the individual benefits of getting a good education. Within such a definition, selecting a school may be compared to selecting a box of cereal at the supermarket. Kathleen Knight Abowitz and Sarah M. Stitzlein argue for a more civic-minded vision that focuses on how public schools both promote and benefit from a vision of shared liberties, shared governance, and a shared future. This vision requires looking beyond individual choices to highlight the many practices within schools that bear considerable social and political benefits.

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