New Evidence on the Cyclicality of Employer-to-Employer Flows from Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 456-460
Author(s):  
Alice Nakamura ◽  
Emi Nakamura ◽  
Kyle Phong ◽  
Jón Steinsson
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Sample Period ◽  
Match Quality ◽  
Labor Force Survey ◽  
Worker Flows ◽  
New Evidence

This paper presents new estimates of gross worker flows for Canada for the sample period 1978 to 2016. We use administrative data from the Canadian Record of Employment in combination with the Canadian Labor Force Survey to estimate employer-to-employer flows in addition to flows between labor market states. We highlight three main results: Roughly two-thirds of all job separations are employer-to-employer flows. Employer-to-Employer flows are highly procyclical. The combination of these two results means that total job separations are procyclical. If employer-to-employer flows improve match quality, our results imply that recessions have a sullying effect on the labor market.

Educational mismatches and labor market outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 534-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piriya Pholphirul
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Labor Force Survey ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
High Level

Purpose Educational mismatches constitute negative impacts on labor markets in most countries, Thailand is no exception. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the degree of educational mismatch in Thailand and its impacts on labor market outcomes. Design/methodology/approach This study analyzes data obtained from Thailand’s Labor Force Survey to estimate the likelihood of horizontal and vertical mismatches and their impacts on labor market outcomes. Findings Estimation results reveal the existence of a high level of both vertical and horizontal mismatches in the labor market. The vertical mismatch tends to be most prevalent in the case of graduates with degrees in the social sciences, while the existence of the horizontal mismatch is mostly found in the case of graduates with backgrounds in the physical sciences. Samples with a degree in health science seem to be least impacted by both types of mismatch. Education-job mismatches, either vertical or horizontal mismatches, are found to cause negative impacts on workers’ employment. Findings indicate that workers who encountered either horizontal or vertical educational mismatches tended to have lower monthly incomes than did those without such mismatches. Vertical mismatches seemed to result in lower incomes than did the horizontal mismatches. Furthermore, both types of mismatch are found to not have any significant impact on workers’ employability. Research limitations/implications Nevertheless, due to different types of mismatches such as skill mismatch or personality mismatch, this paper only quantifies degree mismatch on the context of Thailand only. Nevertheless, different structure of labor market can show different findings. Practical implications Both horizontal mismatch and vertical mismatch can be mitigated with strong collaboration system between colleges/universities and employers. Therefore, the government should further promote better cooperation between universities and the private sector (industry-university linkages) by encouraging more exchanges between high-level executives and students of the private sector and higher-education institutes. More opportunities for students to practice their skills in real workplace settings should be provided, and students should also be able to gain credits from participating in such training. In Thailand, at present there are only a few degree programs that require students to complete an internship. Social implications As for social policy recommendations, to reduce both horizontal and vertical mismatches in practices, it is essential that the education sector promote a life-long learning framework that allows workers whose jobs do not match their educational background (or with their educational attainment) to receive the training and develop the skills required by employers. Originality/value Comparing to other literature in these areas in which survey data from the authors are relied, this paper, however, uses the Thai Labor Force Survey, which is the national representative sample data set. The results found from this paper are therefore useful to be reliable on implying appropriated policy recommendations.

scholarly journals Wages and Informality in Developing Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 1509-1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costas Meghir ◽  
Renata Narita ◽  
Jean-Marc Robin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Heterogeneous Firms ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Compensating Differentials ◽  
Labor Force Survey

We develop an equilibrium wage-posting model with heterogeneous firms that decide to locate in the formal or the informal sector and workers who search randomly on and off the job. We estimate the model on Brazilian labor force survey data. In equilibrium, firms of equal productivity locate in different sectors, a fact observed in the data. Wages are characterized by compensating differentials. We show that tightening enforcement does not increase unemployment and increases wages, total output, and welfare by enabling better allocation of workers to higher productivity jobs and improving competition in the formal labor market. (JEL E26, J24, J31, J46, O15, O17)

scholarly journals Mapping Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in Indonesia Labor Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Alin Halimatussadiah ◽  
Chaikal Nuryakin ◽  
Pyan A. Muchtar ◽  
Adriana Bella ◽  
Husnul Rizal
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labor Participation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Labor Force Survey ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Discouraged Workers

The empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (PWD) has recently attracted the attention of the Indonesian government. Several initiatives have been made to empower their life, especially the establishment of Act No. 8/2016 which enhances their right to inclusive economic activities. This study aims to map PWD in Indonesian labor market. Specifically, it analyzes the characteristics of employed and unemployed PWD. It explored Labor Force Survey (Sakernas), which began to concern on disability issue in 2016. The results show that PWD prevalence varies highly among provinces led by West Sumatera, East Nusa Tenggara, and South Sulawesi and that PWD has lower labor participation rate than that of PWOD. It may indicate the significant presence of discouraged workers among PWD.

scholarly journals Expanding the Analytical Capacities of the Labour Force Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
L. H. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Seasonal Adjustment ◽  
Labor Force Survey ◽  
The Status

The article formulates a number of recommendations on the areas of expanding the analytical capacities of the National Labor Force Survey with consideration to the European statistics and the needs of the current phase of labor reforms in Ukraine. The first area is about implementing the recommendations of the International Labor Organization No 198 “On Labor Relations” and the updated International Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE-18), which are becoming critically important in view of the announced reform in labor law and liberalization of labor relations. As the Labor Force Survey is the only regular source of information collected from people about their actual status on the labor market, it is supposed to lay the basis for the statistical observation of the processes and implications of the labor relations reform. The program of the National Labor Force Survey has already included the major part of questions providing for the criteria for identifying the status in employment and determining the types of labor relations, but their formulations have to be adapted to the updated labor law.          The second area concerns with the deeper processing of the survey results. It is high time to implement seasonal adjustment for the indicators of employment and unemployment. Once the experimental development of Eurostat on the statistics of labor market flows is used, it will enable for analysis and forecasting of the status transitions (employment – unemployment – inactivity) considering the individual characteristics of respondents. The labor life expectancy, estimating one’s potential lifelong participation in the labor market, should be computed for analysis of the comprehensive impact of social and demographic change and interactions of life cycles.       The third area concerns with a more sensitive approach to vulnerable groups on the labor market. Due to the demographic change like reduction of the generations in working age and ageing of the population, all the potential reserves of the labor force need to be involved. A large part of them is associated with the groups that are regarded as vulnerable or the ones distanced from the labor market, which need additional measures for activation and support. To this end, it is recommended to extend the program of the National Labor Force Survey by including analytical aspects supposed to provide information about labor market participation and employment characteristics of persons with disabilities and older employees (55–64 years), about opportunities for learning lifelong and combining work and family duties.     Also, studies of the analytical capacities of the National Labor Force Survey have to cover in-depth module interviews as a supplement to the core program of regular survey.  

scholarly journals Pathways towards Women Empowerment and Determinants of Decent Work Deficit: A South Asian Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Mudassira Sarfraz ◽  
Zubaria Andlib ◽  
Muhammad Kamran ◽  
Noor Ullah Khan ◽  
Hanieh Alipour Bazkiaei
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Labor Force Survey ◽  
Household Heads

This research aims to assess the household and individual-level factors, specifically education, that affect the probability of women being engaged in decent work activities in the labor market. The study utilized the most recent labor force survey data from Pakistan with a sample size of 64,009 women. The research exploits the multinomial logit model (MNL) for data analysis. Several studies exist on the causes of female labor force participation nationally—in Pakistan—and internationally. However, there is a lack of research exploring the link between women’s access to decent work and various household and individual-level characteristics. This study intends to fill this literature gap by exploiting the largest nationwide labor force survey and exploring how household and individual-level factors, specifically focusing on women’s education level, relate to women’s employment status categories. The study’s findings reveal that education plays an essential role in uplifting women for better employment opportunities, i.e., educated women are more likely to be engaged in decent labor market activities such as paid employees and employers. The findings of the study propose some significant policy implications. E.g., (i) since education is the key to open better and decent work opportunities, it is crucial for women and their household heads to invest in education and vocational training; (ii) there is a dire need to have a policy shift in providing women access to at least a higher secondary (HS) level of education in Pakistan. The rationale is that less educated and illiterate women are concentrated in vulnerable employment; and (iii) at a micro level, there is a need to bring awareness among male household heads, specifically in rural areas, to realize that working women should not be considered a social stigma for the household.

scholarly journals A Psychological Description of the Swiss Labor Market from 1991 to 2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Anja Ghetta ◽  
Andreas Hirschi ◽  
Anne Herrmann ◽  
Jérôme Rossier
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Vocational Interest ◽  
Labor Force Survey ◽  
Pay Inequality ◽  
Using Data

Abstract. This study conducted a representative analysis of the Swiss labor market from 1991 to 2014 by applying Holland’s (1997) classification of occupations according to six vocational interest types: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional (RIASEC). Using data from the Swiss Labor Force Survey, we found that, over this period, realistic occupations consistently represented the largest share of jobs, albeit with a declining tendency. Increased numbers of people were employed in social and enterprising types of work. The lowest numbers were found in artistic and investigative occupations. Gender segregation along the six RIASEC occupational types were found on the Swiss labor market as well, with most men working in realistic and most women working in social occupations. Furthermore, we observed large salary differences between the six occupational types, even after controlling for required skill level. In line with findings concerning gender pay inequality, men earned more than women in each RIASEC occupational type in each year. Moreover, we found that RIASEC occupations differed meaningfully with regard to skill level, and that the required skill level increased across all RIASEC occupations over the examined 23-year period.

Gender Inequality in the Indonesian Labor Market

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-44
Author(s):  
Ngadi Ngadi ◽  
Devi Asiati ◽  
Ade Latifa ◽  
Nawawi Nawawi
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Labor Force Survey

Indonesia has committed to embody gender equality in the labor market through gender mainstreaming programs in all sectors. Nevertheless, the reality indicates that gender inequality in the labor market still exists. This chapter aims to discuss various issues of gender inequality in the Indonesian labor market in the agriculture, manufacturing, and services sectors. The data used for the analysis is the 2016 national labor force survey. The survey covered 82,613 workers with 31,256 of them from the agricultural sector, 14,835 from the manufacturing sector and 36,522 from the services sector. The analysis shows the dominance of male labor in all the sectors with the lowest proportion of female workers occurs in the manufacturing sector (27.1%) followed by the agricultural sector (37.5%) and the services (46.5%). Based on the type of position, men are more dominant in strategic positions in all the three sectors. The highest wage disparity between women and men takes place in the agricultural sector followed by the manufacturing and the services.

Implications of higher retirement age for the labor market

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivanova ◽  
A. Balaev ◽  
E. Gurvich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Demographic Projections ◽  
The Impact

The paper considers the impact of the increase in retirement age on labor supply and economic growth. Combining own estimates of labor participation and demographic projections by the Rosstat, the authors predict marked fall in the labor force (by 5.6 million persons over 2016-2030). Labor demand is also going down but to a lesser degree. If vigorous measures are not implemented, the labor force shortage will reach 6% of the labor force by the period end, thus restraining economic growth. Even rapid and ambitious increase in the retirement age (by 1 year each year to 65 years for both men and women) can only partially mitigate the adverse consequences of demographic trends.

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