scholarly journals Effects of menopause and tibolone on antioxidants in postmenopausal women

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perin Vural ◽  
Cemil Akgül ◽  
Mukaddes Canbaz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Plasma Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Total Thiol ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ageing and menopause, and can arise through the increased production of lipid peroxides and/or a deficiency of antioxidant defence. Aim: To investigate the effects of the menopause and tibolone treatment (2.5 mg/day for six months) on plasma antioxidants and lipid peroxidation. Methods: Plasma concentrations of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, total thiol groups, caeruloplasmin, erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in 24 postmenopausal and 24 premenopausal healthy women. Results: Data analysis indicates a significant decrease in plasma ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, total thiol groups, caeruloplasmin, erythrocyte GSH and a significant increase in lipid peroxides (expressed as MDA concentrations) in postmenopausal women. There was no significant difference between control and study groups in the mean plasma caeruloplasmin concentrations. It was found that there is a significant increase in α-tocopherol and significant decrease in lipid peroxide concentrations in postmenopausal after tibolone treatment. Conclusions: The menopause is associated with an increase in oxidative stress and a decrease of some antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, total thiols and erythrocyte GSH. Tibolone treatment leads to a decrease in concentrations of plasma lipid peroxide, probably by stimulating direct and indirect mechanisms of tocopherol regeneration and increasing plasma concentrations of vitamin E. However, due to the relatively small numbers involved this study can be regarded as a pilot. Further studies performed on a larger scale are necessary to establish the exact mechanisms of tibolone in inhibiting oxidative stress in postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Association between Parameters Related to Oxidative Stress and Trace Minerals in Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gema Barrientos ◽  
Javier Alves ◽  
Francisco Pradas ◽  
María Concepción Robles ◽  
Diego Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Plasma Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Cesium Plasma ◽  
Arsenic Copper

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the basal concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and retinol in plasma or erythrocytes, and the plasma concentrations of 16 trace minerals in endurance athletes from Extremadura (Spain). In addition, we aimed to assess the possible relationships between some parameters related to cellular oxidative stress with plasma concentrations of some trace minerals. Sixty-two national long-distance men athletes participated in this study. The parameters related to oxidative stress and antioxidant activity were analyzed through high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and trace minerals analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We found that plasma MDA was positively correlated with selenium and rubidium. Plasma ascorbic acid was positively correlated with manganese and negatively correlated with cobalt and cadmium. Erythrocyte ascorbic acid was related to arsenic and cesium. Plasma α-tocopherol correlated with copper and manganese negatively and positively with arsenic. Erythrocyte α-tocopherol was positively related to copper, rubidium, and lithium. The findings show that athletes with a high degree of training should monitor their intake and concentrations of α-tocopherol for its fundamental role of neutralizing the excess of reactive oxygen species produced by exercise and the prooxidant effects of several minerals such as arsenic, copper, and lithium.

scholarly journals Lens Lipid Peroxides and Glutathione Concentrations in Diabetic Cataract

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Özmen ◽  
I Mutaf ◽  
B Özmen ◽  
J Mentes ◽  
O Bayindir
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Diabetic Cataract ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Radical Damage

This study aims to explore the role of reactive oxygen radicals in the genesis of diabetic cataract. Lipid peroxide (LPO) concentrations in senile ( n = 30) and diabetic ( n = 14) cataractous lenses, were determined as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) by a method modified from Satoh and Yagi, and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations were measured according to Beutler. Lens LPO levels (mean, SD; nmol TBARS/g protein) were significantly higher in diabetics (107·54, 18·12) than senile cataractous subjects (53·54, 15·48) ( P < 0·0001). Lens GSH levels (mean, SD; nmol/g protein) showed no significant difference between diabetics (4·29, 2·05) and senile cataractous subjects (4·68, 3·12). These results suggest that free radical damage is more effective in the genesis of diabetic cataract than in senile cataract.

151 EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID ON OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ITS THERMOPROTECTANT ROLE ON IN VITRO EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF BUFFALO (BUBALUS BUBALIS) EMBRYOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
M. Roshan ◽  
D. Dua ◽  
N. Saini ◽  
A. Sharma ◽  
T. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blastocyst Rate ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Nonsignificant Decrease ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Supplementation

The most important factors that lead to stress in farm animals are oxidative and thermal stress, leading to reduced reproductive efficiency. Oxidative stress leads to an increase in proportion of reactive oxygen species, whereas heat stress affects the physiology of animals, which lowers the conception rates of dairy cattle. In vitro culture systems have been enhanced by manipulating media with various supplements such as vitamins, growth factors, and antioxidants that have overcome these problems. Ascorbic acid has been shown to play an antioxidant role in many species such as sheep, goat, and pigs. Keeping this in mind, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation of in vitro-matured (IVM) and/or in vitro-cultured (IVC) media with ascorbic acid and evaluate its antioxidant role in in vitro development of buffalo embryos. Immature oocytes were collected from visible surface follicles (2 to 8 mm in diameter) in slaughterhouse buffalo ovaries and subjected to IVM, IVF, and IVC in a humidified CO2 incubator at 38.5°C. Ascorbic acid was supplemented to IVM [TCM-199 + 10% featl bovine serum (FBS) + 1 µg mL−1 oestradiol-17β + 5 µg mL−1 pFSH + 0.81 mM sodium pyruvate + 0.68 mM l-glutamine + 50 µg mL−1 gentamicin sulfate] at 50 or 100 µM or IVC (mCR2aa + 0.6% BSA + 10% FBS+ 50 µg mL−1 gentamicin sulfate) at 50 µM or both IVM and IVC media at 50 µM. Oocytes without ascorbic acid were treated as the control group. Cleavage and blastocyst rate was improved when 50 µM (66.67 ± 2.27; 16.67 ± 1.26%) ascorbic acid was supplemented to IVM medium but no significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed at 100 µM (54.04 ± 2.20; 6.16 ± 0.37%) as compared with the control (62.77 ± 2.71; 10.67 ± 0.24%), respectively. When 50 µM ascorbic acid was supplemented in IVM, IVC, or both media, though cleavage rate (66.67 ± 2.27; 69.09 ± 3.22; 66.67 ± 2.23%) was similar in 3 groups, a significant increase was observed in blastocyst rate (16.67 ± 1.26; 20.18 ± 0.86; 28.57 ± 0.37%) when both media were supplemented, respectively. To evaluate the thermoprotectant effect, 4 groups were taken: group 1 without and group 2 with ascorbic acid supplementation, oocytes were given heat treatment at 39.5°C initially for 12 h during IVM; group 3 without and group 4 with ascorbic acid supplementation, oocytes were given heat treatment at 40.5°C initially for 12 h during IVM. No significant difference in developmental rate was observed at elevated temperature of 39.5°C or 40.5°C as compared with the control. Relative mRNA abundance of heat stress-related genes, HSP 70.1 and HSP 70.2, was nonsignificantly higher in oocytes matured at 39.5°C or 40.5°C after supplementation with ascorbic acid as compared to control. Relative mRNA abundance of BAX decreased at 50 µM and increased at 100 µM ascorbic acid compared with control, whereas BID showed similar results between control and treatment. Regarding anti-apoptotic gene expression, significantly higher expression was observed in MCL1 for 50 µM and lower for 100 µM ascorbic acid, and a similar nonsignificant trend was observed for BCL-XL. Developmental genes GDF9 and BMP15 showed a nonsignificant increase in 50 µM, and a nonsignificant decrease in the 100 µM supplemented group as compared with the control. Oxidative stress-related genes SOD and GPX showed a nonsignificant decrease in treated groups as compared to control. From above results, it was concluded that ascorbic acid had an anti-oxidant as well as thermoprotectant role in developmental competence that increased the potential for generation of large domestic animal in vitro embryos for research and applied technologies such as cloning and transgenesis.

Tryptophan and nutritional status of patients with senile dementia

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Thomas ◽  
K. O. Chung-A-On ◽  
J. W. T. Dickerson ◽  
S. F. Tidmarsh ◽  
D. M. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Plasma Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Thiamin Deficiency ◽  
Transketolase Activity

SynopsisThe nutritional status of 23 severely demented patients was compared with that of 23 similarly aged controls in the community. A 3-day weighed intake on all subjects showed lower mean intakes of energy, protein, ascorbic acid and nicotinic acid in the patient group. This group had lower levels of plasma ascorbic acid and red cell folate and of urinary N-methylnicotinamide excretion relative to creatinine. Over a third of both controls and patients had evidence of thiamin deficiency, as judged by a raised percentage erythrocyte transketolase activity. An earlier finding in patients with senile dementia of reduced fasting plasma concentrations of tryptophan was confirmed for total and protein bound fractions. With the possible exception of ascorbic acid, the data could not be explained satisfactorily in terms of intake. It is suggested that the association between the phenomena of ageing, senile dementia and nutritional status merits further investigation.

scholarly journals Study the Haematological parameters and Oxidative stress before and after disbudding in Calves

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Shiv Swaroop ◽  
Pramanik PS ◽  
Singh KD ◽  
Subodh Kumar ◽  
Verma AK
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Veterinary Science ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The aim of the present investigation was to examine the haematological profile and oxidative stress before and after disbudding in calves. The study was carried out at Livestock Farm Complex, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya and nearby villages. Twenty four cattle calves were utilized to study haematological parameters that are Haemoglobin (Hb (gm/dl), Neutrophil (%), Basophil (%), PCV (%), Lymphocyte (%), Monocyte (%), TLC (103/ µl), Eosinophil (%), N/L ratio) and oxidative stress before and after disbudding in to four groups viz. control (T0), lignocaine (TL), tremadol (TT) and lignocaine+tremadol (TL-T). After medication calves were disbudded by hot iron method. The blood samples were collected for haematological parameters & for estimation of LPO (lipid peroxides) as per method described by [1] just before (0h) and after disbudding on 6h, 24h and 72h. The results showed that, at 24h, T0 group showed significantly lowest Hb (10.66±0.49%) which was statistically similar to TT and TL-T groups. At 0h, 6h and 72h means of PCV% were significantly different among treatment groups. The lowest lymphocytes (64.00±1.00) was observed in TT group at 6h. The T0 group showed significantly lowest basophil (0.00±0.00) which was statistically similar to TT and TL-T groups but significantly different from TL group at 6h. At the same interval, T0 group showed significantly lowest monocytes (4.66±0.61) which was significantly different with TL, TT and TL-T groups. At 6h, T0 group showed significantly lowest N/ L ratio (0.15±0.01) which was statistically similar to TT and TL-T groups but significantly different from TL group. At 0h, 6h and 24h LPO was significantly different among groups. At 0h, T0 group showed significantly highest (106.59±0.63) which was significantly different from TL, TT and TL-T groups. It may be concluded that no significant difference was observed in eosinophil%, TLC, neutrophil% and monocyte% counts between control and treatment groups. However, Hb%, basophil%, PCV% and lymphocyte% were significantly different between control and treatment groups. N/L ratio was significant only at 6h. Most of the cases TL-T group showed comparatively better performance. At 0h, 6h and 24h LPO was significantly different among groups. At 0h, T0 group showed significantly highest (106.59±0.63) which was significantly different from TL, TT and TL-T groups.

Oxidative stress contributes to chronic leg vasoconstriction in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 890-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerrie L. Moreau ◽  
Ashley R. DePaulis ◽  
Kathleen M. Gavin ◽  
Douglas R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Leg Blood Flow

Basal whole leg blood flow and vascular conductance are reduced in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal compared with premenopausal women. The underlying mechanisms are unknown, but oxidative stress could be involved. We studied 9 premenopausal [23 ± 1 yr (mean ± SE)] and 20 estrogen-deficient postmenopausal (55 ± 1 yr) healthy women. During baseline control, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a marker of oxidative stress, was 50% greater in the postmenopausal women ( P < 0.001). Basal whole leg blood flow (duplex ultrasound of femoral artery) was 34% lower in the postmenopausal women because of a 38% lower leg vascular conductance ( P < 0.0001); mean arterial pressure was not different. Intravenous administration of a supraphysiological dose of the antioxidant ascorbic acid increased leg blood flow by 15% in the postmenopausal women as a result of an increase in leg vascular conductance (both P < 0.001), but it did not affect leg blood flow in premenopausal controls or mean arterial pressure in either group. In the pooled subjects, the changes in leg blood flow and leg vascular conductance with ascorbic acid were related to baseline plasma oxidized LDL ( r = 0.46 and 0.53, P < 0.01) and waist-to-hip ratio and total body fat ( r = 0.41–0.44, all P < 0.05). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that oxidative stress contributes to chronic leg vasoconstriction and reduced basal whole leg blood flow in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. This oxidative stress-related suppression of leg vascular conductance and blood flow may be linked in part to increased total and abdominal adiposity.

Nonproteic Antioxidant Status in Plasma of Subjects with Colon Cancer

2003 ◽  
Vol 228 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Di Giacomo ◽  
Rosaria Acquaviva ◽  
Raffaele Lanteri ◽  
Francesca Licata ◽  
Antonio Licata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Oxidized Proteins ◽  
Total Thiol

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be important causative agents of a number of human diseases, including cancer. Thus, antioxidants, which control the oxidative stress state, represent a major line of defense regulating overall health. Human plasma contains many different nonenzymatic antioxidants. Because of their number, it is difficult to measure each of these different antioxidants separately. In addition, the antioxidant status in human plasma is dynamic and may be affected by many factors. Thus, the relationship between nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity of plasma and levels of well-known markers of oxidative stress (oxidized proteins, lipid hydroperoxides, decreases in thiol groups) better reflects health status. The present study considers antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress in human plasma of patients with colon cancer or precancerous lesions, as well as before and after surgical removal of tumors and/or chemo/radiation therapy. Healthy blood donors were used as controls. Colon cancer patients demonstrated a significant decrease in nonproteic antioxidant status and in total thiol groups with respect to healthy controls, whereas oxidized proteins and lipid hydroperoxide levels were significantly increased. In patients with precancerous lesions, the only unmodified parameter was the thiol group level. After surgery, the levels of oxidized proteins, lipid hydroperoxides, and total thiol groups were restored to those seen in healthy subjects, whereas nonproteic antioxidant capacity remained unmodified from that determined before surgery. Conversely, chemo/radiation therapy increased both nonproteic antioxidant capacity and levels of oxidized proteins and lipid hydroperoxides and significantly decreased total thiol groups. These results further support the hypothesis that oxidative stress correlates to the risk of some forms of cancer, not only in the initial stages but also during progression.

scholarly journals Multiple Effects of Ascorbic Acid against Chronic Diseases: Updated Evidence from Preclinical and Clinical Studies

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1182
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Berretta ◽  
Vincenzo Quagliariello ◽  
Nicola Maurea ◽  
Raffaele Di Francia ◽  
Saman Sharifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Severe disease commonly manifests as a systemic inflammatory process. Inflammation is associated withthe enhanced production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and with a marked reduction in the plasma concentrations of protective antioxidant molecules. This imbalance gives rise to oxidative stress, which is greater in patients with more severe conditions such as sepsis, cancer, cardiovascular disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and burns. In these patients, oxidative stress can trigger cell, tissue, and organ damage, thus increasing morbidity and mortality. Ascorbic acid (ASC) is a key nutrient thatserves as an antioxidant and a cofactor for numerous enzymatic reactions. However, humans, unlike most mammals, are unable to synthesize it. Consequently, ASC must be obtained through dietary sources, especially fresh fruit and vegetables. The value of administering exogenous micronutrients, to reestablish antioxidant concentrations in patients with severe disease, has been recognized for decades. Despite the suggestion that ASC supplementation may reduce oxidative stress and prevent several chronic conditions, few large, randomized clinical trials have tested it in patients with severe illness. This article reviews the recent literature on the pharmacological profile of ASC and the role of its supplementation in critically ill patients.

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