scholarly journals Assessment of side effects induced by injection of different adjuvant/antigen combinations in rabbits and mice

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. A. M. Leenaars ◽  
M. A. Koedam ◽  
P. W. Wester ◽  
V. Baumans ◽  
E. Claassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Synthetic Peptides ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Prolonged Pain

We evaluated the side effects induced by injection of Freund's adjuvant (FA) and alternative adjuvants combined with different antigens. Rabbits and mice were injected subcutaneously, intramuscularly (rabbits) and intraperitoneally (mice) with different adjuvants (FA, Specol, RIBI, TiterMax, Montanide ISA50) in combination with several types of antigens (synthetic peptides, autoantigen, glycolipid, protein, mycoplasma or virusesl. The effects of treatment on the animals' well-being were assessed by clinical and behavioural changes (POT and LABORAS assays) and gross and histopathological changes. In rabbits, treatment did not appear to induce acute or prolonged pain and distress. Mice showed behavioural changes immediately after (predominantly secondary) immunization. Injection of several adjuvant/antigen mixtures resulted in severe pathological changes, depending on adjuvant, type of antigen, animal species used and route of injection. Both rabbits and mice showed pathological changes ranging from marked to severe after injection of FA, and ranging from minimal to marked after Specol and Montanide injections. Pathological changes after RIBI injections were severe in rabbits, though slight in mice. After TiterMax injections, pathological changes were moderate in rabbits, though severe in mice. In conclusion, injection of FA according to present guidelines resulted mostly in severe pathological changes, whereas only very few clinical and behavioural signs indicated prolonged severe pain. Our findings indicate that Montanide ISA50 and Specol induce acceptable antibody titres, and cause fewer pathological changes than FA. Thus they are effective alternatives to FA.

Probiotics in gastroenterology – from a different angle

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (8) ◽  
pp. 294-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Miklós Buzás
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Irritable Bowel

After a short overview of the history of probiotics, the author presents the development of human intestinal microflora based on the newest genetic data and the microbiological features of main probiotics. The indications of probiotic administration have been defined and extended in recent years. The author reviews significant results of probiotic treatment in some gastrointestinal diseases based on meta-analytical data. Probiotics are useful in preventing and treating diarrhoea caused by antibiotics and Clostridium difficile caused diarrhoea. In the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, preparations containing certain Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium strains or Saccaromyces boulardii could enhance by 5–10% the rate of successful eradication and reduce the incidence and severity of the side effects. Some symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and thus the quality of life can be improved by probiotics. Their beneficial effect in ulcerative colitis was proven, while in Crohn’s disease has not yet been defined. The use of probiotics is not included in guidelines, with the exception of the Maastricht IV/Florence consensus. For each disease it is advisable to use probiotics containing strains only with proven beneficial effect. The efficiency of preparations containing mixed strains has not yet been properly investigated. The author reviews the rare but potentially serious side effects of probiotics. In Hungary, there are many probiotic preparations available which can be purchased in pharmacies without prescription: their use is more empirical than evidence-based. The European Food Safety Authority has recently rejected claims for probiotics to be classed as medicines given the lack of convincing evidence on the effects of probiotics on human health and well-being. Clearly, further research is needed to collect evidence which could be incorporated into the international guidelines. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 294–304.

scholarly journals Men’s experiences of radiotherapy treatment for localized prostate cancer and its long-term treatment side effects: a longitudinal qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sutton ◽  
◽  
J. A. Lane ◽  
M. Davis ◽  
E. I. Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Localized Prostate Cancer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Abstract Purpose To investigate men’s experiences of receiving external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with neoadjuvant Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) for localized prostate cancer (LPCa) in the ProtecT trial. Methods A longitudinal qualitative interview study was embedded in the ProtecT RCT. Sixteen men with clinically LPCa who underwent EBRT in ProtecT were purposively sampled to include a range of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. They participated in serial in-depth qualitative interviews for up to 8 years post-treatment, exploring experiences of treatment and its side effects over time. Results Men experienced bowel, sexual, and urinary side effects, mostly in the short term but some persisted and were bothersome. Most men downplayed the impacts, voicing expectations of age-related decline, and normalizing these changes. There was some reticence to seek help, with men prioritizing their relationships and overall health and well-being over returning to pretreatment levels of function. Some unmet needs with regard to information about treatment schedules and side effects were reported, particularly among men with continuing functional symptoms. Conclusions These findings reinforce the importance of providing universal clear, concise, and timely information and supportive resources in the short term, and more targeted and detailed information and care in the longer term to maintain and improve treatment experiences for men undergoing EBRT.

scholarly journals A Review of the Treatment of Opioid-induced Constipation with Methylnaltrexone Bromide

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. CMT.S1168
Author(s):  
Francisco M. Abarca ◽  
Theodore J. Saclarides ◽  
Marc I. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reaction ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Database Search ◽  
Mu Receptor ◽  
Quaternary Derivative ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Common Adverse Reaction

Objectives Review and summarize the mechanism of action of methylnaltrexone bromide (methylnaltrexone) and its effectiveness in the treatment of opioid-induced constipation. Data Source A multi-database search was conducted using PubMed and MEDLINE databases, in addition to electronic links to related articles and references. Background Opioids are effective medications for the management of moderate to severe pain, but they are associated with a number of side effects, especially within the gastrointestinal system. Constipation is a very common adverse reaction in patients with late-stage, adverse illness, who require long term administration of opioids on a chronic basis to help alleviate pain. In April 2008, the Food and Drug Administration approved the use of methylnaltrexone, a quaternary derivative of naltrexone which does not cross the blood brain barrier, for the management of patients with opioid-induced constipation. Methylnaltrexone acts as a selective peripheral Mu-receptor antagonist, without affecting the effects of opioids on central analgesia. Conclusions Studies have been shown that methylnaltrexone can be used safely in the treatment of opioid-induced constipation without either interfering with opioid effects on central anesthesia or precipitating opioid withdrawal.

A Randomized Trial of Aerobic versus Resistance Exercise in Prostate Cancer Survivors

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Santa Mina ◽  
Shabbir M.H. Alibhai ◽  
Andrew G. Matthew ◽  
Crissa L. Guglietti ◽  
Meysam Pirbaglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Home Based

Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa) has side effects that significantly impair health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Exercise ameliorates many side effects of ADT, but different modalities, particularly in the home-based setting, have not been well studied. In this study the authors randomly assigned 66 PCa survivors receiving ADT to 6 mo of home-based aerobic or resistance training. Psychosocial well-being and physical fitness were measured at baseline, 3 and 6 mo, and then 6 mo postintervention. Intention-to-treat analyses showed that fatigue and HRQOL were not significantly different between groups; however, in a per-protocol analysis the resistance-exercise training group demonstrated clinically significant improvements in HRQOL. Differential within-group effects on physical fitness were also observed at various time points. At all time points, the aerobic-training group engaged in significantly more physical activity than the resistance-training group, a finding that should be further examined given evidence-based guidelines for activity volume in cancer survivors.

scholarly journals Percutaneous Repair Method and Achilles Tendon Rupture Rehabilitation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Ficek ◽  
Paweł Gwiazdoń ◽  
Jolanta Rajca ◽  
Grzegorz Hajduk
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Tendon Rupture ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Rehabilitation Protocol

Abstract Background: Subcutaneous, spontaneous, complete ruptures of the Achilles tendon are usually caused indirectly by trauma associated with rapid movement. When minimally invasive Achilles tendon repair is performed, an active rehabilitation protocol can be implemented that allows for fast, measurable progress, reduced tissue atrophy, and an improved range of motion, thereby reducing pain and increasing patients’ overall physical well-being. However, overestimating the effectiveness of rehabilitative interventions can lead to arbitrary advancements in rehabilitation that significantly exceed the permitted levels of daily or professional activity. This issue can lead to various side effects and slow rehabilitation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of adverse effects on objective outcomes after minimally invasive Achilles tendon repair.Methods: The study included 36 individuals with complete Achilles tendon rupture who underwent the percutaneous Ma-Griffith technique. The same rehabilitation protocol was used.Results: Five side effects were identified during rehabilitation: deformation of the repair construct (DRC), irritation of the sural nerve (SNI), morning ankle stiffness (MAS), edema of the soft tissue around the tendon (OST) and suture knots. DRC and MAS were associated with a longer time being required to achieve full ankle range of motion. SNI and OST were associated with a longer time being required to meet the criteria for dynamic training. None of the side effects were related to the isokinetic strength of the ankle plantar and dorsiflexors.Conclusions: The incidence of the assessed side effects in the postoperative period is not related to the type of activity, whether it is professional or amateur. Among the identified side effects, deformation of the regenerated shape of the heel tendon and MAS cause a delay in the recovery of full ankle range of motion. Calf nerve irritation and soft tissue swelling increase the time it takes to meet the criteria for starting dynamic training.Trial registration:The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Academy of Physical Education in Katowice (no. 13/2007)

scholarly journals Post-treatment physiological effects, adverse effects and complications after the selected aesthetic treatments. Review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Weronika S. Kononowicz ◽  
◽  
Beata Malara ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Skin Defects

Aesthetic treatments are performed in order to improve physical attractiveness, well-being, and to eliminate skin defects. These procedures are also associated with physiological post-treatment effects, side effects and complications. The aim of the article was to discuss selected aesthetic treatments with their typical complications and to present the types of natural post-treatment effects and dangerous side effects. Knowledge of the causes and occurrence of undesirable effects after various aesthetic treatments allows to increase awareness of the risks associated with the performance of such procedures.

scholarly journals Non-Healing Ulcer, managed through Unani Formulation along with Leech Therapy: A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 211-215
Author(s):  
Minhaj Ahmad ◽  
Zehra Zaidi ◽  
Abdul Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Healing Ulcer ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Leech Therapy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Local Examination

A male patient aged 43yrs. came to surgery OPD Majeedia Unani Hospital Jamia Hamdard New Delhi, in September 2018 with the complain of ulcer in the right foot posteriorly along the necrosis of Tendon Achilles. He was unable to walk a distance of about 100 meter due severe pain in the ulcer and calf muscle. limping on movement was very prominent. After required investigations and local examination of wounds, patient was planned and treated by local application, and combination of Unani Medicines formulations along with leech therapy as described in texts of Unani System of Medicine. With this Unani treatment non healing ulcer completely healed without any locomotor disturbances. The condition of leg totally resolved without any complications and side effects. Keywords: Non healing ulcer, Unani medicine, leech therapy.

scholarly journals Histopathological changes in pigs infected with ileitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
O.M. Yermolenko ◽  
O.Y. Ayshpur ◽  
I.Yu. Mushtuk
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Lawsonia Intracellularis ◽  
Early Diagnostics ◽  
Chronic Effect ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Proliferative Enteropathy

Nowadays, the ileitis (proliferative enteropathy of pigs) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. The intracellular bacterium Lawsonia intracelluaris causes several forms of the disease. Histological examinations are the important stages in diagnosing and detecting profound pathological changes in sick pig organs, decreasing their productivity and causing the deaths. Swine proliferative enteropathy (SPE) has reported for the Ukraine since 2008. For SPE the early diagnostics with different test systems is relevant. We evaluated the sick, forcibly killed and dead piglets of different ages in Ukrainian pig farms during 2018-2019 in animal fattening groups. Materials were taken from piglets aged 120-150 days in farms where the ileitis was diagnosed. To assess the complex of pathological and anatomical changes detected during autopsies of piglets, V.P. Shishkov’s methods were used. Thus, we revealed a characteristic morphology of proliferative lesions. We believed that the histological examination can serve as an important diagnostic method and an alternative to direct isolation of Lawsonia intracellularis, which is very difficult to cultivate. We determined that the histopathological changes in pig organs indicated a chronic effect caused by animal pathogen. We revealed that Lawsonia intracellularis caused the profound pathological changes in pig digestive tracts, which affected the functioning of all organs and tissues of animals and lead to severe disease and possible animal death. We suggested that the histological examination is an important step in diagnosing and detecting profound pathological changes in the organs of sick pigs, which caused the decrease in their productivity and deaths.

Management of Vipadika with Mahisha Gritha Padanimajjana – a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharanya Suseela ◽  
Anandaraman Puthanmadom Venkatraramana Sharma ◽  
Kesavan Parameswaran Namboothiri ◽  
Prathibha Changuli Krishna Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Skin Disorder ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Treatment Line ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Ayurvedic Treatment

Abstract Objectives Vipadika (Palmo plantar Psoriasis) is a Kshudra Kushta (minor skin disorder) of Vatakapha origin (body humors like vata and kapha) characterized by Sphutana (cracks) and Teevra Vedana (severe pain) in Pani (palm) and Pada (sole). Based on the symptoms it can be correlated to Palmo Plantar Psoriasis which is a variant of psoriasis which affects the skin of the palms and soles with the features of hyperkeratotic, pustular, or mixed morphologies. The treatment methods for Palmo plantor psoriasis causes severe side effects due to which an evident shift from modern treatments to ayurvedic treatment line. Case presentation A 15 year old, female, with complaint of cracks and dryness over sole of both feet with pain for the last 12 and half years. The case was managed with Padanimajjana (immersion of foot). Padanimajjana is a modified form of Avagaha Sweda (switz bath) where the affected part of the foot is dipped in medicated liquid. Here Mahisha Gritha (Buffaloe ghee) is used for Padanimajjana. Conclusions Mahisha Gritha Padanimajjana shows significant improvement in number of cracks, dryness and pain within short period of time. This is a very simple, economical, and effective treatment for Vipadika.

Changes in management of patients with diseases of musculoskeletal system and joints

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
A. L. Vertkin ◽  
A. N. Barinov ◽  
G. Yu. Knorring
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Cooperative Action ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Adequate Pain Relief ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group B Vitamins

Pain syndrome accompanies the vast majority of diseases; therefore, the issues of adequate pain relief remain topical not only for urgent conditions, but also for everyday medical practice. Modern and changed in recent years approaches to the appointment of anesthetic therapy should take into account not only the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of pain syndrome in a particular patient, but also the need to use drug combinations. This allows for the potentiation of the analgesic effect, reduction of effective dosages of individual drugs and minimization of side effects. In case of severe pain syndrome in the presence of signs of impaired nociception, neuropathic and muscle-fascial pain syndromes, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in conjunction with group B vitamins is justified. The article considers the pathogenetic details of such a combination therapy, reveals the mechanisms of the cooperative action of the proposed combination of drugs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document