scholarly journals Validation of two-dimensional vertebral body parameters in estimating patient height in elderly patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1104) ◽  
pp. 20190342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdul Waduud ◽  
Penelope Poppy Janpen Sucharitkul ◽  
Michael Drozd ◽  
Ankit Gupta ◽  
Christopher Hammond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Diameter ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
Group 1

Objectives Standardised comparison of abdominal muscle and adipose tissue is often utilised in morphometric clinical research. Whilst measurements are traditionally standardised against the patient’s height, this may not be always practically feasible. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between measurements of the vertebral body and patient height. Methods We analysed cross-sectional CT scans. Measurements of the vertebral body area (VBA), anteroposterior vertebral body diameter (APVBD) and lateral vertebral body diameter (LVBD) were made by two independent investigators by manual tracing. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 standardisation and Group 2 validation. We compared height and vertebral body parameters from patients in Group 1 and mathematically modelled this relationship. We then utilised the model to predict the height of patients in Group 2 and compared this with their actual height. Observer variability was assessed using Bland–Altman plots and t-tests of differences. Results CT scans from 382 patients were analysed. No significant intraobserver or interobserver differences were apparent when measuring vertebral body parameters. We describe models which enable the prediction of the patients’ height using the measured VBA, APVBD and LVBD. No significant differences were observed between the patients predicted and actual heights in the validation group. Conclusions We demonstrate an important relationship between measurements of the patient’s height and the vertebral body. This can be utilised in future research when the patient’s height has not been measured. Advances in knowledge In the absence of the patient’s height, we demonstrate that two-dimensional vertebral body parameters may be reliably used to standardise morphometric measurements.

scholarly journals Screen-Based Media Use Among Children of Working Mothers and Homemakers

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Keyword(s):  
Working Mothers ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Parental Strategies ◽  
Group 1

Background and objectives: In recent times, use of screen-based media (SBM) has increased due to the growing availability of screen-based electronic devices in everyday life. The aim of the study is to evaluate the use of SBM among children of working mothers in comparison to homemakers. Methods: The present cross-sectional study involved 200 children to study the SBM usage. The children were divided into two equal groups: group 1 included working mothers (n=100) and group 2 included homemakers (n=100). The data, including the type of SBM, the duration, and each child’s reaction to the devices being withheld were obtained by direct interview through a predesigned form. Results: The children from both groups reported use of SBM greater than that which is recommended internationally for their age (>2 hours/day; P=0.014). Children of working mothers who use videogames/ smartphones reacted in a more violent and irritable manner to removal of SBM device than the children of the homemakers (P=0.001). However, the children of homemakers used television significantly more than the children of the working mothers (P=0.006). Conclusion: Children of working women tend to use SBM, probably overuse the social media, in comparison to children of homemakers. Children of both, working mothers and homemakers spent time that exceeded the recommended two hours per day rule by the American Pediatric Association SBM use guidelines. Future research should focus on SBM parental strategies and their SBM use.

scholarly journals Effect of the Cut-Off Level for Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone on the Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism among Infertile Mexican Women

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Lidia Arce-Sánchez ◽  
Salvatore Giovanni Vitale ◽  
Claudia Montserrat Flores-Robles ◽  
Myrna Souraye Godines-Enriquez ◽  
Marco Noventa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Mexican Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The primary aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) using two different cut-off levels for TSH values (≥2.5 mIU/L versus ≥4.1 mIU/L). The secondary objective was to analyze the clinical-biochemical characteristics in women with and without SCH. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. In total, 1496 Mexican women with infertility were included: Group 1, women with TSH levels ranging between 0.3 and 2.49 mIU/L, n = 886; Group 2, women with TSH between 2.5 and 4.09 mIU/L, n = 390; and Group 3, women with TSH ≥4.1 mIU/L n = 220. SCH prevalence was 40.7% (CI 95%: 38.3–43.3%) with TSH cut-off ≥ 2.5 mIU/L, and 14.7% (CI 95%: 12.7–16.5%) with TSH cut-off ≥ 4.1 mIU/L, (p = 0.0001). The prevalence of overweight was higher in Group 2 than in Groups 1 and 3. Thyroid autoimmunity, obesity and insulin resistance were higher in Group 3 than in Group 1 (p < 0.05). No other differences were observed between groups. Conclusions: The prevalence of SCH in our selected patients increased almost three times using a TSH cut-off ≥ 2.5 mIU/L compared with a TSH cut-off ≥ 4.1 mIU/L. Women with TSH ≥4.1 mIU/L compared with TSH cut-off ≤ 2.5 mIU/L more often presented with obesity, thyroid autoimmunity and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals MRI Spectrum of Japanese Encephalitis in Northeast India: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 281-289
Author(s):  
Pranjal Phukan ◽  
Kalyan Sarma ◽  
Barun Kumar Sharma ◽  
Deb K. Boruah ◽  
Bidyut Bikash Gogoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Objective Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus infection having high mortality and morbidity. This study was performed to evaluate the conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in JE and to find out any difference between pediatric and adult JE. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was performed on serologically positive 54 JE patients presented to a tertiary care hospital with acute encephalitic symptoms between April 2016 and October 2019. Relevant neurological examination, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and MRI scan of the brain were performed. Results Fifty-four JE patients (n = 31 males and n = 23 females) having 32 pediatric and 22 adult JE were included in the study sample. Group 1 JE (n = 16) patients had encephalitic symptoms with duration less than 15 days up to the day of MRI scan and group 2 JE (n = 38) had symptoms more than 15 days. Group 1 JE had mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of 0.563 ± 0.109 (standard deviation [SD]) × 10–3 mm2/sec and group 2 JE had 1.095 ± 0.206 (SD) × 10–3 mm2/sec. The mean ADC value of pediatric JE was 0.907 ± 0.336 (SD) × 10–3 mm2/sec and adult JE was 0.982 ± 0.253 (SD) × 10–3 mm2/sec. Conclusion The majority of the JE patient shows abnormal signal alterations in bilateral thalami and substantia nigra. Diffusion-weighted imaging with ADC mapping helps in evaluating the stage of the JE. No statistical significance of the various conventional MRI findings was found between the pediatric JE and adult JE.

scholarly journals Role of feasibility and pilot studies in randomised controlled trials: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e022233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Jane Blatch-Jones ◽  
Wei Pek ◽  
Emma Kirkpatrick ◽  
Martin Ashton-Key
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Pilot Feasibility Study ◽  
Group 1

ObjectivesTo assess the value of pilot and feasibility studies to randomised controlled trials (RCTs) funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) programme. To explore the methodological components of pilot/feasibility studies and how they inform full RCTs.Study designCross-sectional study.SettingBoth groups included NIHR HTA programme funded studies in the period 1 January 2010–31 December 2014 (decision date). Group 1: stand-alone pilot/feasibility studies published in the HTA Journal or accepted for publication. Group 2: all funded RCT applications funded by the HTA programme, including reference to an internal and/or external pilot/feasibility study. The methodological components were assessed using an adapted framework from a previous study.Main outcome measuresThe proportion of stand-alone pilot and feasibility studies which recommended proceeding to full trial and what study elements were assessed. The proportion of ‘HTA funded’ trials which used internal and external pilot and feasibility studies to inform the design of the trial.ResultsGroup 1 identified 15 stand-alone pilot/feasibility studies. Study elements most commonly assessed weretesting recruitment(100% in both groups),feasibility(83%, 100%) andsuggestions for further study/investigation(83%, 100%). Group 2 identified 161 ‘HTA funded’ applications: 59 cited an external pilot/feasibility study wheretesting recruitment(50%, 73%) andfeasibility(42%, 73%) were the most commonly reported study elements: 92 reported an internal pilot/feasibility study wheretesting recruitment(93%, 100%) andfeasibility(44%, 92%) were the most common study elements reported.Conclusions‘HTA funded’ research which includes pilot and feasibility studies assesses a variety of study elements. Pilot and feasibility studies serve an important role when determining the most appropriate trial design. However, how they are reported and in what context requires caution when interpreting the findings and delivering a definitive trial.

scholarly journals Friedewald’s equation for calculating LDL-cholesterol: Is it the time to say “Goodbye” and adopt direct LDL cholesterol methods?

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sikandar Hayat Khan ◽  
Najmusaqib Khan Niazi ◽  
Farah Sobia ◽  
Nadeem Fazal ◽  
Syed Mohsin Manzoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Urine Albumin ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: To measure correlation and concordance between measured LDL cholesterol (mLDLc) and Friedewald’s calculated LDL cholesterol (cLDLc). To compare the mLDLc and cLDLc values for various anthropometric measures and biochemical indices including insulin resistance, nephropathy, glycated hemoglobin and triglycerides. Methods: Two hundred thirty two subjects were included in this cross-sectional analysis from Jan-2016 to July-2017 from a target population visiting PNS HAFEEZ hospital. Mean age of the subjects was 46.56(±11.95) years (n=232). These subjects underwent clinical evaluation including measurement of anthropometric measurements, biochemical testing for fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), and insulin. Correlation and concordance between mLDLc and Friedewald’s cLDLc were measured. Finally, Comparison of risk evaluation for mLDLc and cLDLc between groups formulated based upon UACR (Based upon a cut off of 2.5 mg/g) and fasting triglycerides (Group-1 :< 1.0 mmol/L, Group-2: 1.0-1.99 mmol/L and Group-3 :> 1.99 mmol/) was carried out. Results: There was significant positive linear correlation between mLDLc and cLDLc [r=0.468, <0.001]. Kendall’s Coefficient of concordance between mLDLc and cLDLc was 0.055 (p<0.001). Differences evaluated by one way ANOVA analysis for mLDLc between various triglycerides groups were only significant between group-1 and group-2 [{Group-1:Mean=2.40, (2.19-2.61), n=43}, {Group-2:Mean=2.81, (2.69-2.92),n=136}, [{Group-3:Mean=2.59,(2.37-2.81), n=53}],(p=0.004) in comparison to cLDLc [{Group-1:Mean=2.63, (2.43-2.84), n=43}, {Group-2:Mean=2.85, (2.76-2.93), n=136}, [{Group-3:Mean=2.75, (2.60-2.90),n=53}]. Calculated method for LDLc showed higher UACR than mLDLc. (p=0.021) Conclusion: cLDLc over estimates LDL-cholesterol in comparison to mLDLc. The correlation between cLDLc and mLDLc was only moderate. However, cLDLc provided better degree of risk prediction for nephropathy and glycated hemoglobin than mLDLc. How to cite this:Khan SH, Niazi NK, Sobia F, Fazal N, Manzoor SM, Nadeem A. Friedewald’s equation for calculating LDL-cholesterol: Is it the time to say “Goodbye” and adopt direct LDL cholesterol methods? Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):---------.   doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.679 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals TWO-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS IN PRE-ADOLESCENT ATHLETES

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
O. Onikiienko
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Myocardial Remodeling ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Cardiac Adaptation ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Sports Activities ◽  
Group 1

Data of echocardiographic characteristics of 59 children 10-11 years old, involved in football is presented in article. Depending on the duration of sports activities the children were divided into 3 groups: group 1 - children who play football up to 3 years (24 children), Group 2 - children who play football from 3 to 5 years (23 children), Group 3 - training duration over 5 years (12 children). It was found that the linear sizes of the heart were not significantly different in the groups studied, which may indicate that myocardial remodeling as cardiac adaptation to sporting loads takes more time. It was revealed that more trained children (group 3) have significantly higher left ventricular ejection fraction compared with group 1 (p = 0.05) and Group 2 (p = 0.0051). Keywords: athletes, children, echocardiography РезюмеО. ОникиенкоДвумерные эхокардиографические характеристики препубертатных спортсменов В статье приведены результаты ультразвукового обследования 59 детей 10-11 лет, занимающихся футболом. В зависимости от длительности занятий спортом дети были разделены на 3 группы: группа 1 – дети со стажем до 3 лет (24 ребенка), группа 2  - стаж занятий от 3 до 5 лет (23 ребенка), группа 3 – стаж занятий более 5 лет (12 детей). Установлено, что линейные размеры сердца достоверно не отличались в группах обследованных, что может свидетельствовать о более длительном процессе ремоделирования миокарда как адаптации сердца к спортивным нагрузкам. Выявлено, что у более тренированных детей (группа 3) достоверно выше фракция выброса левого желудочка по сравнению с группой 1 (p = 0.05) и с группой 2 (p = 0.0051). Ключевые слова: спортсмены, дети, эхокардиография   РезюмеО. ОнікієнкоДвовимірні ехокардіографічні характеристики препубертатних спортсменівУ статті наведено результати ультразвукового обстеження 59 дітей 10-11 років, які займаються футболом. Залежно від тривалості занять спортом діти були розділені на 3 групи: група 1 - діти зі стажем до 3 років (24 дитини), група 2 - стаж занять від 3 до 5 років (23 дитини), група 3 - стаж занять більше 5 років (12 дітей). Встановлено, що лінійні розміри серця достовірно не відрізнялися в групах обстежених, що може свідчити про більшу тривалість ремоделювання міокарда як адаптації серця до спортивних навантажень. Виявлено, що у більш тренованих дітей (група 3) достовірно вища фракція викиду лівого шлуночка в порівнянні з групою 1 (p = 0.05) і з групою 2 (p = 0.0051). Ключові слова: спортсмени, діти, ехокардіографія

scholarly journals Pre-teens, Audio Analgesia and Dental Care: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Akshaye Kumar ◽  
Priyanka Sharma ◽  
Arjun Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Group 1

INTRODUCTION: Research has proven that music plays an important role in alleviating fear and anxiety among patients.AIM: To assess the effect of audio analgesia in pre-teen children aged 8-12 years undergoing dental restorations. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Data was collected using a pre-tested and pre-validated proforma filled by the child prior to start of the treatment by circling the number corresponding to the expected pain during the procedure [Ranged 0 (No pain) -10 (Maximum pain)]. Children who reported their expected pain above 5, were enrolled in group 1 (The ones receiving audio analgesia) while the remaining were assigned group 2 (controls). Children in group 1 were asked to put on their favourite song using noise cancellation headphones and the procedure was commenced. After completion of the treatment, the VAS scale was re-introduced and the children were asked to re-circle the actual pain experienced during the procedure. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 using the chi-squared test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. A significant value was obtained when p was≤ 0.05. RESULTS: Of the total 80 children enrolled in the present study, there were an equal number of males and females (40 each). It was observed that 70.3% of children in group 1 had an increased pain tolerance as compared to only 37.2% of children in the control group(p=0.01). Pearson’s Correlation revealed a positive and linear association (r: +0.721) and a significant relationship (p = 0.03) between both groups. CONCLUSION: Audio analgesia has been proven to a promising alternative to distract the patient from the anxiety faced in the dental setting and is recommended for nervous and anxious patients.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and plasma lipoproteins in cancer patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Maria Machado Maia ◽  
Emanuelly Barbosa Santos ◽  
Germana Elias Reis
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective To evaluate the relation between oxidative stress and lipid profile in patients with different types of cancer.Methods This was an observational cross-sectional. A total of 58 subjects were evaluated, 33 males, divided into two groups of 29 patients each: Group 1, patients with cancer of the digestive tract and accessory organs; Group 2 patients with other types of cancers, all admitted to a public hospital. The plasma levels (lipoproteins and total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides, for example) were analyzed by enzymatic kits, and oxidative stress based on thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, by assessing the formation of malondialdehyde.Results In general the levels of malondialdehyde of patients were high (5.00μM) as compared to 3.31μM for healthy individuals. The median values of lipids exhibited normal triacylglycerol (138.78±89.88mg/dL), desirable total cholesterol values (163.04±172.38mg/dL), borderline high LDL (151.30±178.25mg/dL) and low HDL (31.70±22.74mg/dL). Median HDL levels in Group 1 were lower (31.32mg/dL) than the cancer patients in Group 2 (43.67mg/dL) (p=0.038). Group 1 also showed higher levels of oxidative stress (p=0.027).Conclusion The lipid profile of patients with cancer was not favorable, which seems to have contributed to higher lipid peroxidation rate, generating a significant oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Impact of sleep disordered breathing on behaviour among elementary school-aged children: a cross-sectional analysis of a large community-based sample

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1631-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale L. Smith ◽  
David Gozal ◽  
Scott J. Hunter ◽  
Mona F. Philby ◽  
Jaeson Kaylegian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Large Community ◽  
Habitual Snoring ◽  
Behavioural Regulation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children has been associated with inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity, but the associations between SDB severity and the type and severity of behavioural disruption are unclear.1022 children aged 5–7 years old prospectively underwent sleep studies and behavioural assessments through completion of standardised instruments. Participants were subdivided into four categorical groups based on the apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI; measured per hour of total sleep time (hTST)), i.e. Group 1: nonsnoring and AHI <1 hTST–1; Group 2: habitual snoring and AHI <1 hTST–1; Group 3: habitual snoring and AHI 1–5 hTST–1; and Group 4: habitual snoring and AHI >5 hTST–1, followed by comparisons of behavioural functioning across the groups.All 10 behavioural variables differed significantly between Group 1 and all other groups. Post hoc comparisons indicated that Group 2 was the most impaired for most behavioural measures. Furthermore, differences between Group 2 and more severe sleep pathology conditions were rarely significant.This large community-based paediatric cohort confirms earlier findings highlighting a significant impact of SDB on behavioural regulation, with the greatest impact being already apparent among habitually snoring children. Thus, a likely low asymptote exists regarding SDB behavioural impact, such that further increases in severity do not measurably increase parent-rated difficulties with behavioural regulation relative to controls. Our findings do support the need for considering early intervention, particularly among those children manifesting a behavioural impact of SDB.

Possibilities of pulse oscillometry in the diagnosis of small airway dysfunction in patients with bronchial asthma

MedAlliance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Keyword(s):  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Functional Method ◽  
Small Airway ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Body Plethysmography ◽  
Air Trapping ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Small airway dysfunction (SAD) is associated with poorly controlled asthma and frequent exacerbations. Objective: To assess the prevalence of SAD in asthmatics using spirometry, body plethysmography, and impulse oscillometry (IOS). Materials and methods: The observational cross-sectional study of 61 patients with asthma was performed. Conclusion available SAD was made on the basis of identifying one of the criteria or their combination: 1) slow vital capacity (SVC) - forced vital capacity (FVC) >10% according spirometry; 2) "air trapping" according body plethysmography; 3) presence of pathological frequency dependence of the resistance (R) at 5 and 20 Hz (R5-R20 > 0,07 kPa•sec/l) according IOS. Results: The analysis was performed for the entire group as well as for patients with FEV1 > 80 %pred. and FEV1/SVC < 0,7 (group 1) and patients with FEV1 > 80 %pred. and normal FEV1/SVC (group 2). SAD was most often diagnosed using IOS and the selected criterion R5-R20>0,07 kPa •sec/l since 75% of patients had this deviation in the entire group, 65% of patients in group 1 and 55% of patients in group 2 whereas only in 48% and 24% of cases in the entire group according body plethysmography and spirometry, respectively. Conclusion: SAD is definitely observed in patients with asthma. IOS is a more effective method of diagnosing SAD compared to spirometry and body plethysmography and can serve as a supplement functional method, especially in cases of normal parameters of spirometry and body plethysmography in asthmatics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document