scholarly journals Can T2 blackout effect be a marker of iron accumulation in brains of multiple sclerosis patients?

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1113) ◽  
pp. 20200552
Author(s):  
Mehmet Fatih Erbay ◽  
Özden Kamışlı ◽  
Nur Betül Karatoprak
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Imaging Finding ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Iron Accumulation ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Objective : T2 blackout (TBO) effect, which is a common finding in the brains of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and older population that are imaged for other reasons on diffusion weighted imagings (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map show the existence of paramagnetic materials in the tissue. Because iron is known to accumulate in especially deep gray matter (DGM) structures in MS brains, we aimed to investigate the relationship between TBO and clinico-radiological parameters that may be iron-related in MS. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the latest MR images of MS patients on 3 Tesla MR scanner between 2018 and 2019. TBO existence and severity on DWI–ADC was assessed by two radiologists and its correlation with several outcomes of MS was investigated. Results: No significant relationship was found between TBO and gender, subtype of MS whereas TBO was positively correlated with parameters such as black-hole lesions, cortical atrophy, duration of disease, age and extended disability status scale (EDSS) score. Conclusions: TBO shows correlation with the conditions which were revealed to be associated with iron accumulation in the brain of MS patients in the literature. Therefore, we concluded that TBO and its severity in DGM may represent iron accumulation in MS brains. Advances in knowledge: TBO effect as a frequent imaging finding in daily practice may be used as predictor of the disease course of MS due to possible effects of iron accumulation in brain and thereby may be useful in modifying treatment strategies.

The effect of tonsillectomy on John Cunningham virus serological status in multiple sclerosis patients: A retrospective case–control study

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852097182
Author(s):  
Mirla Avila ◽  
Annette Okai ◽  
Smathorn Thakolwiboon ◽  
Collin O’Bryan ◽  
Murali Mohan Reddy Gopireddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
John Cunningham Virus ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Control Study

Tonsils are believed to be the initial site of the John Cunningham virus (JCV) infection. The long-term effect of childhood tonsillectomy on JCV status in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients has not been investigated. In this retrospective case–control study, we analyzed data of 144 JCV seropositive cases and 82 JCV seronegative controls from three outpatient MS clinics in the United States. Early tonsillectomy (before the age of 8) was reported among 8 (5.56%) JCV seropositive subjects and 19 (23.17%) controls. Early tonsillectomy was associated with JCV negative status (adjusted odds ratio = 5.39, 95% confidence interval = 2.13–13.62, p < 0.001) independent of age and gender.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Parameters in Serum Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Treated with II-Line Immunomodulatory Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Adamczyk ◽  
Sławomir Wawrzyniak ◽  
Sławomir Kasperczyk ◽  
Monika Adamczyk-Sowa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Immunomodulatory Therapy ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Objectives. The assessment of oxidative stress (OS) in serum relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients treated with II-line immunomodulatory therapy (fingolimod, natalizumab) compared to newly diagnosed patients (de novo group) treated with interferon (IFN) beta and controls. The relationship between OS parameters and gender, age, disease duration, Expanded Disability Status Scale, annualized relapse rate, MRI lesions in patients treated with II-line.Materials and Methods. One hundred and twenty-one patients with RRMS were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into groups: de novo group, IFN, fingolimod (FG), natalizumab (NT), and controls. Lipid hydroperoxides (LHP), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipofuscin (LPS), and total oxidative status (TOS) were determined.Results. LHP, MDA, and TOS were lower in NT and FG groups compared to the de novo group. Levels of OS were different between NT and FG patients and the IFN group. Women treated with FG and NT had lower MDA, LPH, and TOS than women who were not treated while in men only LPH was lowered. Positive correlations were found between MDA, LHP, TOS, and ARR in the NT group.Conclusion. The II-line immunomodulatory treatment decreased OS particularly among women. No difference in OS levels was observed between II-line therapy and IFN beta.

scholarly journals Multiple Sclerosis Patients Show Lower Bioavailable 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D, but No Difference in Ratio of 25(OH)D/24,25(OH)2D and FGF23 Concentrations

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariska C Vlot ◽  
Laura Boekel ◽  
Jolijn Kragt ◽  
Joep Killestein ◽  
Barbara M. van Amerongen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Exact Effect

Vitamin D (VitD) insufficiency is common in multiple sclerosis (MS). VitD has possible anti-inflammatory effects on the immune system. The ratio between VitD metabolites in MS patients and the severity of the disease are suggested to be related. However, the exact effect of the bone-derived hormone fibroblast-growth-factor-23 (FGF23) and VitD binding protein (VDBP) on this ratio is not fully elucidated yet. Therefore, the aim is to study differences in total, free, and bioavailable VD metabolites and FGF23 between MS patients and healthy controls (HCs). FGF23, vitD (25(OH)D), active vitD (1,25(OH)2D), inactive 24,25(OH)D, and VDBP were measured in 91 MS patients and 92 HCs. Bioavailable and free concentrations were calculated. No difference in FGF23 (p = 0.65) and 25(OH)D/24.25(OH)2D ratio (p = 0.21) between MS patients and HCs was observed. Bioavailable 25(OH)D and bioavailable 1.25(OH)2D were lower (p < 0.01), while VDBP concentrations were higher in MS patients (p = 0.02) compared with HCs, specifically in male MS patients (p = 0.01). In conclusion, FGF23 and 25(OH)D/24.25(OH)2D did not differ between MS patients and HCs, yet bioavailable VitD concentrations are of potential clinical relevance in MS patients. The possible immunomodulating role of VDBP and gender-related differences in the VD-FGF23 axis in MS need further study.

scholarly journals Interplaying Factors That Effect Multiple Sclerosis Causation and Sustenance

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Calenoff
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Mast Cell Degranulation ◽  
Ige Antibodies ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

The author hypothesized that multiple sclerosis (MS) is a humoral autoimmune disease, caused by faulty interplay between myelin-specific, dimeric IgE, specifically competing non-IgE antibodies and IgE-triggered degranulating mast cells. The principal fault was believed to be insufficient quantity of protective, specific non-IgE antibodies. Also conjectured was the possibility of an unexpected and adverse immune suppression caused by none-MS pharmaceuticals being consumed by patients for their MS or for other conditions. To test both hypotheses, a mimotopic, peptide antigen-based, serum immunoassay was developed to measure dimer-bound IgE excess among MS patients, wherein the IgE specifically complexes with two or more myelin surface epitopes at an interval of 40–100 Angstroms, a separation critical for mast cell degranulation and cell damaging effect. MS test sensitivity and specificity, when analyzing five previously untreated patients for dimeric IgE presence, was 100%. In direct comparison, twenty age- and gender-matched female and male control subjects were test negative. Analysis of 35 multiple sclerosis patients, who were concomitantly being treated with potentially immunosuppressive pharmaceuticals, appeared to show the substances’ negative effect upon MS causation, progression, or specific immunoassay performance. Therefore, MS is likely an autoimmune disease caused by IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation possibly in conjunction with immunosuppressive agents.

Abnormal galactosylation of immunoglobulin G in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 1794-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Decker ◽  
Robert Schomburg ◽  
Eszter Németh ◽  
Artem Vitkin ◽  
Mathias Fousse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
And Control

Background: Glycosylation alterations have been associated with the development of several human diseases and their animal models, including multiple sclerosis. Objectives: We aimed to determine whether immunoglobulin G galactosylation might be changed in multiple sclerosis. Methods: Immunoglobulin G was isolated from serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis or viral meningitis and control patients without history of inflammatory or autoimmune disease. A lectin-based assay was used to investigate potential galactosylation modifications of immunoglobulin G. Results and conclusion: Galactosylation of immunoglobulin G isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of control patients was found to be age- and gender-dependent. In addition, immunoglobulin G galactosylation was significantly altered in cerebrospinal fluid but not in serum of multiple sclerosis patients. Furthermore, this modification was correlated with an active progression of multiple sclerosis. Finally, the loss of galactosyl moieties was not simply associated with inflammation as no such change was detected in viral meningitis patients characterized by brain inflammation.

scholarly journals Antigen-Specific Treatment Modalities in MS: The Past, the Present, and the Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Derdelinckx ◽  
Patrick Cras ◽  
Zwi N. Berneman ◽  
Nathalie Cools
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Specific Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Insight Into

Antigen-specific therapy for multiple sclerosis may lead to a more effective therapy by induction of tolerance to a wide range of myelin-derived antigens without hampering the normal surveillance and effector function of the immune system. Numerous attempts to restore tolerance toward myelin-derived antigens have been made over the past decades, both in animal models of multiple sclerosis and in clinical trials for multiple sclerosis patients. In this review, we will give an overview of the current approaches for antigen-specific therapy that are in clinical development for multiple sclerosis as well provide an insight into the challenges for future antigen-specific treatment strategies for multiple sclerosis.

scholarly journals Multiple Sclerosis Treatment with Natalizumab: Analysis of a Hospital-Based Cohort

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Teresa Carvalho ◽  
Pedro Abreu ◽  
Maria José Sá
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Natalizumab Treatment ◽  
Post Marketing ◽  
Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Natalizumab is licensed as monotherapy for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. Since pivotal studies showing natalizumab efficacy, several subsequent studies confirmed the reduction in annualized relapse rate and the slowing of disability progression. Nevertheless, ‘real-world’ data, namely in Portugal, are still scarce. We intend to report demographic and clinical data of the cohort of patients treated with natalizumab in the multiple sclerosis Clinic of Centro Hospitalar São João, based on daily practice.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> We have conducted a retrospective study of multiple sclerosis patients who had been treated with natalizumab (at least one dose) from January 2007 to May 2013 in our Center. We have gathered information about demography, baseline disease, natalizumab treatment, and outcome.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> We have found 66 patients treated with natalizumab since 2007 in our center. The majority (65.2%) were female, with a mean age of 35 years, and mean disease duration of 9.5 years. Almost all patients (93.9%) had received a prior multiple sclerosis immunomodulatory therapy. Patients have been treated with natalizumab on an average time of 24 months, with a statistically significant reduction in Annualized Relapse Ratio (- 1.9, p &lt; 0.001) and Expanded Disability Status Scale score (- 0.8, p &lt; 0.001). One patient has developed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; other adverse effects have been uncommon.<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> In general, our results fit those earlier reported in other post-marketing studies. Lack of MRI data and retrospective design are the most important limitations of our study.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our study confirms natalizumab efficacy and safety in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in a ‘realworld’ practice.<br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Multiple Sclerosis; Natalizumab; Treatment Outcome; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/ adverse effects; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/chemically induced.</p>

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