scholarly journals A Study on Conservation and Desalination for Iron Weapons During the Korean War from DMZ

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-830
Author(s):  
Ha Nui Jo ◽  
Do Hyeon Nam ◽  
Mi Hyun Kim ◽  
Jae Sung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Korean War ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Conservation Treatment ◽  
High Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The Comparative Study

The weapons excavated from the de-militarized zones (DMZ) of Korea are vulnerable to corrosion due to the immediate and drastic environmental change. Especially, the chloride ions (Cl⁻) in iron weapons cause active corrosion and require removal. In this study, conservation treatment and de-salination was performed for the discovered weapons from excavation sites of soldiers killed in action during the Korean War. Furthermore, an attempt was made to prepare the most stable plan for conservation treatment through the comparative study of soaking weapons in distilled water without chemicals and in a solution of sodium (SSC) at different temperatures. In the preliminarily experiments, the comparison of the eluted Cl⁻ ions according to different conditions of de-salination showed that the highest number of ions were detected from the de-salination with SSC at a temperature of 100℃, and its duration was much smaller, i.e., 1∼2 weeks. Accordingly, for the parts from the guns and rifles amongst other objects, a six-time de-salination was conducted in the SSC solution for 8 hours at 100℃ and subsequently, for 16 hours at room temperature during which the distilled water and SSC were exchanged every week. However, in the case of a loaded rifle, the de-salination was not conducted, considering the risk that the high temperature and pressure by impregnation in vacuum could cause an explosion

scholarly journals The effect of temperature change on fluoride uptake from a mouthrinse by enamel specimens

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serdar Baglar ◽  
Adil Nalcaci ◽  
Mustafa Tastekin
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Fluoride Solution ◽  
Fluoride Uptake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Body Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of temperature on fluoride uptake by enamel specimens from a 0.05% NaF-fluoridated mouthrinse (Oral-B Advantage; Oral-B Laboratories, Newbridge, UK).Methods: Enamel specimens were prepared from extracted human maxillary central incisors. A fluoride-specific ion electrode was used to measure the uptake from a 2 ppm fluoride solution containing 50.0 mL of distilled water, total ion strength adjustment buffer, and fluoridated rinse at 3 different temperatures (room temperature, 25°C; human body temperature, 37°C; hyper-fever temperature, 43°C). One-way analysis of variance and least significant difference were used to assess intragroup and intergroup differences (P<.05).Results: The study found that both the amount and the rate of fluoride uptake increased significantly with increase in temperature. This effect was particularly noticeable at 43°C.Conclusions: The temperature of the NaF mouthrinse may easily and safely be increased beyond room temperature by placing a container of the NaF mouthrinse in a bowl of hot water, allowing greater fluoride penetration into the enamel from the mouthrinse when used at home as a routine prophylactic agent. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:361-369)

scholarly journals Experimental study of paint coatings resistance to osmotic destruction depending on water-soluble salts content on a metal surface

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Allanazar Atdaev ◽  
Arthur Mazitov ◽  
Rustam Akhmetgaliev
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surface ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Regulatory Document ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
High Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Paint Coatings

The main purpose of this work is to assess the relevance of the requirements for the quantitative content of water-soluble salts on the metal surface before applying an anti-corrosion coating. To do this, a series of tests are carried out by coating the metal surface of samples with different salt content, followed by aging in distilled water at high temperature and pressure. After exposure, the defects will be analyzed. The results obtained will help to choose the maximum allowable amount of soluble salts on the metal surface, because the internal coating of field pipelines is practically beyond repair, and to fix this value in the regulatory document.

scholarly journals Variables on the blood inorganic sulphate concentration in cattle

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-434
Author(s):  
Enrico Lippi Ortolani ◽  
Raimundo Alves Barreto Júnior ◽  
Maria Cláudia Araripe Sucupira ◽  
Celso Akio Maruta
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Routine Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sulphate Concentration ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Serum Storage ◽  
Different Levels

Fourteen healthy yearling Holstein steers were used to study the influence of the levels of hemolysis and serum storage at different temperatures (4º C, -10ºC and at room temperature) on serum inorganic sulphate concentrations. The correlation of inorganic sulphate concentration between plasma and serum was also compared. Three different levels of hemolysis were obtained by adding distilled water to the blood. Precision studies were undertaken to determine the viability of the turbidimetric technique used to measure the inorganic sulphate concentration. No difference in the inorganic sulphate concentration was found between serum and plasma (p>0.91), between serum kept at different temperatures (p>0.87) and between hemolysed and normal serum (p>0.85). Increasing levels of hemolysis did not influence the serum inorganic sulphate concentration. The turbidimetric technique was suitable and accurate for routine analysis of serum inorganic sulphate. It was concluded that serum kept at room temperature can be used for practical routine surveys to assess the sulphur status in cattle.

Second Report of the Pipe Flanges Research Committee

1939 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 433-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Tapsell
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Packing Materials ◽  
High Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Important Addition ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Bolted Flange

The research † has continued to follow the main lines of the programme originally laid down by the Committee, with an important addition, namely that relating to the study of the creep relaxation of model flanges. Some sections of the work are still incomplete; in such cases the data so far obtained are recorded and discussed, but final conclusions must be postponed until the research is terminated. The present report deals with the following sections of work:—(I) an investigation of conditions on the joint under which tightness is maintained at room temperature (p. 433); (II) an investigation of the behaviour of compressed asbestos packing materials under certain conditions of loading and temperature (p. 437); (III) the completion of the examination of the properties of the materials used in the bolt assembly tests (p. 439); (IV) experiments on full-scale bolted flange joints under conditions of high temperature and pressure (p. 441); and (V) creep relaxation tests on model flanges (p. 453).

A neutron-diffraction study of the α phase in the palladium–gold–hydrogen and palladium–gold–deuterium systems

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnulf J. Maeland
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Neutron Diffraction Study ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
High Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Die Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

It has been shown previously that both hydrogen and deuterium in β phase Pd–H and Pd–D are situated in the octahedral interstices of the f.c.c. palladium lattice, but attempts to determine the atomic positions in the α phase proved inconclusive, since only small amounts of gas are contained in this phase at room temperature. In order to locate the hydrogen atoms in the α phase by neutron diffraction the concentration must be increased. This can be accomplished by increasing die temperature and gas pressure. However, another method which avoids the use of high temperature and pressure was used in this investigation. This method is based on the observation that the addition of gold or silver to palladium results in increased hydrogen solubility in the α phase. Our neutron diffraction results on powdered α phase gold–palladium–hydrogen and gold–palladium–deuterium samples show that both hydrogen and deuterium are located in the octahedral positions of the f.c.c. metal lattice. It seems reasonable to assume that the same positions are occupied in the α phase of Pd–H.

Water Vapor Oxidation Behavior under High-Temperature and Pressure Conditions of the Nitrided Alloys for Steam Turbine Valve System Parts

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 4129-4132
Author(s):  
J.H. Yoon ◽  
I.S. Kim ◽  
H.S. Kim ◽  
I.C. Hur ◽  
K.S. Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
High Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Nitrided Specimen ◽  
Mechanical And Corrosion Properties ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Water Vapor Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Behaviors

Mechanical and corrosion properties were evaluated in the nitrided and non-nitrided specimens of ASTM 355 and SUS422 steels. The oxides formed on the specimen were analyzed using by XRD and the weight change was measured after oxidation test at high temperature, high pressure, and steam conditions. The oxidation behaviors and rates between two alloys and nitrided/non-nitrided specimens were clearly different. XRD analysis showed that the nitrides formed on the nitrided specimen were composed of CrN, Fe4N, and Fe2-3N. Also, it was found that the hardness on the nitrided specimen at 283°C decreased from Hv 1150 of room temperature to Hv 425.

The Research of Gypsum Investment Mould Used as Forming Micro-Castings

2014 ◽  
Vol 609-610 ◽  
pp. 557-564
Author(s):  
Guo Tian Wang ◽  
Ming Xing Ren ◽  
Bang Sheng Li ◽  
Heng Zhi Fu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
High Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Gypsum Content ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

By applying ultrasonic solidification, gypsum based micro casting mold with different chemical compositions were sintered at different temperatures. The influence of processing parameters and sintering temperature on the microstructure and surface roughness were investigated. Meanwhile, the effect of sintering temperature on the bending strength was studied. The result showed that the nucleation rate of gypsum can be significantly improved under high temperature and pressure, which was caused by the effect of ultrasonic cavitation. Under the frequency of 100 KHz and the power of 200 W, 20 min, the morphology of gypsum transfers from flake and needle into near spherical after 20 min, and the grain size can be refined to around 500 nm. The value node of surface roughness occurs at the sintering temperature of 600 °C. The surface roughness is the lowest when the gypsum content is 60% and under the sintering temperature of 600 °C, which can reach Ra ~ 0.22 um. The bending strength of mold roughly increased with the increase of content of gypsum. There is no obvious rule for the mold strength with the change of sintering temperature. The mold strength reaches the highest value when the sintering temperature is 600°C.

Scanning Electron Microscopy-cuticular Lesions on the Roundworm Ascaris Suum

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 114-115
Author(s):  
P. A. Madden ◽  
W. R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Silver Paint ◽  
To Come ◽  
Scanning Electron

The intestinal roundworm of swine is pinkish in color and about the diameter of a lead pencil. Adult worms, taken from parasitized swine, frequently were observed with macroscopic lesions on their cuticule. Those possessing such lesions were rinsed in distilled water, and cylindrical segments of the affected areas were removed. Some of the segments were fixed in buffered formalin before freeze-drying; others were freeze-dried immediately. Initially, specimens were quenched in liquid freon followed by immersion in liquid nitrogen. They were then placed in ampuoles in a freezer at −45C and sublimated by vacuum until dry. After the specimens appeared dry, the freezer was allowed to come to room temperature slowly while the vacuum was maintained. The dried specimens were attached to metal pegs with conductive silver paint and placed in a vacuum evaporator on a rotating tilting stage. They were then coated by evaporating an alloy of 20% palladium and 80% gold to a thickness of approximately 300 A°. The specimens were examined by secondary electron emmission in a scanning electron microscope.

ESEM - A multipurpose surface Electron Microscope

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 632-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.D. Danilatos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Saturated Water Vapor ◽  
Surface Electron ◽  
Current State ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
New Type ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Over recent years a new type of electron microscope - the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) - has been developed for the examination of specimen surfaces in the presence of gases. A detailed series of reports on the system has appeared elsewhere. A review summary of the current state and potential of the system is presented here.The gas composition, temperature and pressure can be varied in the specimen chamber of the ESEM. With air, the pressure can be up to one atmosphere (about 1000 mbar). Environments with fully saturated water vapor only at room temperature (20-30 mbar) can be easily maintained whilst liquid water or other solutions, together with uncoated specimens, can be imaged routinely during various applications.

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