Dietary Intake, Body Composition, and Nutrition Knowledge of Irish Dancers

Irish dance requires lengthy, intensive training to perform at a high level in competitions and professionally. Irish dancers have been known to have high injury rates. Appropriate nutrient and fluid intakes have been shown to minimize the risk of fatigue and injury during training and performance in sport, but there is a lack of evidence as to whether and how this might apply in Irish dance. Forty adult Irish dancers, 35 females (age 21 ± 3 years) and five males (aged 27 ± 8 years), professionals or in full time training, were recruited for this study to investigate nutrition knowledge, dietary intake, and body composition. Participants were asked to complete "The Sport Nutrition Questionnaire," a sport- and dance-specific nutrition knowledge questionnaire, 4 day estimated food diaries, and under-take a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan to assess body composition. Food diaries were analyzed using Dietplan 7. Reported energy, fiber, iron (females), magnesium (females), selenium, iodine (females), and folate (females) intakes were below United Kingdom dietary reference values. Fruit and vegetable intakes were low: 2.7 ± 1.4 portions per day. Sixteen percent of days reported contained no fruits or vegetables. Mean body mass index (BMI) for 35 female participants was 23.2 ± 3.3 kg/m2, mean BMI for five male participants was 22.2 ± 1.6 kg/m2. Mean body fat measured by DXA in 18 female participants was 33.4% ± 6.9%, which was higher than seen in other dance populations. Mean lean mass was 40.8 ± 5.6 kg. Mean score for the nutrition knowledge questionnaire in which the maximum score is 65, was 30.5 ± 7.6 (47% ± 11.7%), range: 9 to 44 (14% to 68%). The ability of the Irish dancers to correctly identify foods as being high or low in carbohydrate, protein, and fat varied widely. Body composition did not correlate with intake of any nutrient but did correlate with nutrition knowledge questionnaire score (r = -.663, p < 0.001). Given the dietary intakes and nutrition knowledge exhibited by the dancers in this study, further work is needed to inform and improve diets and support the demands of Irish dance.

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A systematic review update of athletes’ nutrition knowledge and association with dietary intake

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521004311 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-36

Author(s):

Amy Janiczak ◽

Brooke Devlin ◽

Adrienne Forsyth ◽

Gina Trakman

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Quantitative Measure ◽

Nutrition Knowledge ◽

Included Study ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

Measurement Tools ◽

Diet Intake ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Athletes’ dietary intakes sometimes do not meet sports nutrition guidelines. Nutrition knowledge (NK) is one factor that may influence dietary intake, but NK measurement tools are often outdated or unvalidated, and results regarding athletes’ NK are equivocal. The aims of this systematic review were to update previous systematic reviews by examining athletes’ NK and to assess the relationship between athletes’ general NK, sport NK and dietary intake. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched for studies published between November 2015 and November 2020, that provided a quantitative measure of NK and described the NK tool used. Twenty-eight studies were included; study quality was assessed using JBI checklists and data on NK score, diet intake was extracted. Eight studies utilised validated, up-to-date NK measurement tools. Mean general and sport NK% scores varied between 40.2% ± 12.4 and 70 % ± 9. Mean protein and carbohydrate consumption were 1.1-3.4 g/kg.bw/day and 2.4-4.6 g/kg.bw/day, respectively. Weak-to-moderate, positive associations were found between NK and positive dietary behaviours. Due to a wide variety of NK measurement tools used, it is difficult to synthesise results to determine overall NK in athletes. Overall, there appears to be a low standard of knowledge. Quality of measurement tools for NK has improved but remains an issue. Future studies should use relevant, current validated NK tools, or validate tools in their study population. More research is needed into the relationship between NK and other modifiable factors influencing dietary intake.

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Dietary Intake, Hydration Status, and Body Composition of Three Belgian Military Groups

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usaa061 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 185 (7-8) ◽

pp. e1175-e1182

Author(s):

William De Bry ◽

Patrick Mullie ◽

Eva D’Hondt ◽

Peter Clarys

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Military Training ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Urine Specific Gravity ◽

Hydration Status ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Negative Consequences

Abstract Introduction Malnutrition, suboptimal hydration, and inadequate body composition can have negative consequences on soldiers’ performance and health. A recent consensus statement concerning “soldiers’ physical performance” points to the scarcity of data in specific military populations. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess and compare dietary intake, hydration status, and body composition of three military groups during their specific military training. Materials and Methods Eighty-five soldiers (ie, 21 in a qualification course to join the Special Forces [SF], 22 Infantrymen [Chasseurs Ardennais, CA], and 42 Recruits [REs]) participated in this 3- to 4-day study. Body mass was assessed before and after each study period. All soldiers self-reported their dietary intakes, from which energy and macronutrient intakes were calculated. In addition, their morning urine samples were collected daily to assess urine specific gravity (USG) as a measure of hydration status. Fat mass was estimated at the end of the study using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results All groups lost significant amounts of body mass (ie, mean losses ranging between 1.3 and 1.7 kg). Macronutrient intakes were not fully met in respect to the recommendations. Most notably, REs’ fat intake was high (ie, 42.3 [±1.6] energy percent [E%]), while their carbohydrate intake was low (ie, 44.5 [±2.1] E%). Furthermore, saturated fat intakes were high among all groups (ie, group means ranging between 13.6 and 21.4 E%). USG values indicated suboptimal hydration status was prevalent in all groups. Most noteworthy, for SF, only 5.4% of the USG values indicated optimal hydration. The average fat mass (%) for SF, CA, and RE was 11.2 (±3.1), 18.8 (±5.1), and 19.4 (±5.0), respectively. Conclusion The present study showed that military men are not always adequately fed nor hydrated. These issues should be resolved by creating nutritional packages, and individual dietary and hydration strategies, all in function of military planning and weather conditions.

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PO-300 Investigation On Dietary Nutrition Status of Chinese Elite Male Young Soccer Player

Exercise Biochemistry Review ◽

10.14428/ebr.v1i5.13353 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Dan Zeng ◽

Qirong Wang ◽

Zilong Fang

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Soccer Player ◽

Nutrition Knowledge ◽

Dietary Behaviors ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Average Score ◽

Low Level ◽

Kap Survey ◽

High Level

Objective To evaluate the dietary nutritional of Chinese Elite male young soccer player through the knowledge, attitude, behavior (KAP) survey and an adjusted dietary balance index （DBI）. Methods Explored the dietary nutritional status of 30 Chinese Elite male young soccer players through the knowledge, attitude, behavior (KAP) survey. Diet status of 30 Chinese Elite male young soccer players was collected by food-weighing method. The dietary index of DBI-low bound score（LBS），DBI-high bound score （HBS） and DBI-diet quality distance （DQD） in the adjusted DBI-07 system and nutrient analysis were used to evaluate the dietary quality of athletes. Results The average score of nutrition knowledge (general nutrition and sports nutrition knowledge) in the KAP questionnaire of Chinese Elite young players was 16.90±2.49, and the average score of nutritional attitude was 14.07±2.27. The mean score of the dietary behavior was 39.67±2.65. The total score average was 70.63±4.58.The results of the dietary intake survey showed that the percentage of calorie intake of Chinese Elite male young soccer players who eat three meals a day and snacks were 24.19%, 34.93%, 27.43%, and 13.45%. The proportion of energy intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to total energy were 54.93%, 32.18%, and 11.53%, respectively. The results of the dietary quality survey showed that the median score of LBS of Chinese Elite male young soccer players was 21, the proportion of players with low level of intake was 83.3%, and the proportion of people with moderate and high levels of inadequacy was 16.7%. The median of HBS was 7.5,90.0% of players had low levels of dietary intake in excess, and 10.0% of players had moderate levels of dietary intake in excess. The median of DQD was 34.5. Among the players, 46.7% of athletes have low-level dietary imbalances, and 53.3% of players had moderate-to-high-level dietary imbalances. Conclusions The score of nutritional attitudes and dietary behaviors of 30 Chinese elite male young soccer players are relatively better than that of nutrition knowledge. Young soccer players have unreasonable dietary behaviors. Excessively intake too much fat in the three major nutrients and snacks.The intake of protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, iron and zinc was inadequate .In terms of dietary intake, most players have high-level dietary imbalances, and players have inadequate dietary intake and excessive dietary intake.

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Dietary Intakes Differ by Body Composition Goals: An Observational Study of Professional Rugby Union Players in New Zealand

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988319891350 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 155798831989135 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katherine E. Black ◽

Chloe Hindle ◽

Rebecca McLay-Cooke ◽

Rachel C. Brown ◽

Claire Gibson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Dietary Assessment ◽

Rugby Union ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Intensive Training ◽

Competitive Season ◽

Weight Loss Group ◽

Rugby Players

Preseason in rugby union is a period of intensive training where players undergo conditioning to prepare for the competitive season. In some cases, this includes modifying body composition through weight gain or fat loss. This study aimed to describe the macronutrient intakes of professional rugby union players during pre-season training. It was hypothesized that players required to gain weight would have a higher energy, carbohydrate and protein intake compared to those needing to lose weight. Twenty-three professional rugby players completed 3 days of dietary assessment and their sum of eight skinfolds were assessed. Players were divided into three groups by the team coaches and medical staff: weight gain, weight maintain and weight loss. Mean energy intakes were 3,875 ± 907 kcal·d−1 (15,965 ± 3,737 kJ·d−1) (weight gain 4,532 ± 804 kcal·d−1; weight maintain 3,825 ± 803 kcal·d−1; weight loss 3,066 ± 407 kcal·d−1) and carbohydrate intakes were 3.7 ± 1.2 g·kg−1·d−1 (weight gain 4.8 ± 0.9 g.kg−1·d−1; weight maintain 2.8 ± 0.7 g·kg−1·d−1; weight loss 2. 6 ± 0.7 g·kg−1·d−1). The energy and carbohydrate intakes are similar to published intakes among rugby union players. There were significant differences in energy intake and the percent of energy from protein between the weight gain and the weight loss group.

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The Influence of Sport Nutrition Knowledge on Body Composition and Perceptions of Dietary Requirements in Collegiate Athletes

10.20944/preprints202105.0505.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Jagim ◽

Jennifer B. Fields ◽

Meghan Magee ◽

Chad Kerksick ◽

Joel Luedke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Collegiate Athletes ◽

Nutrition Knowledge ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Sport Nutrition ◽

Division Iii

Sport nutrition knowledge has been shown to influence dietary habits of athletes. The purpose of the current study was to examine relationships between sport nutrition knowledge and body composition and examine potential predictors of body weight goal in collegiate athletes. Participants included National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III women (n=42, height: 169.9 ± 6.9 cm; body mass: 67.1 ± 8.6 kg; fat-free mass: 51.3 ± 6.6 kg; body fat %: 24.2 ± 5.3%) and men (n=25, height: 180.8 ± 7.2 cm; body mass: 89.2 ± 20.5 kg; fat-free mass: 75.9 ± 12.2 kg; body fat %: 13.5 ± 8.9%) athletes. Body composition was assessed via air displacement plethysmography. Athletes completed a validated questionnaire designed to assess sport nutrition knowledge and were asked questions about their perceived dietary energy and macronutrient requirements, as well as their body weight goal (i.e. lose, maintain, gain weight). Athletes answered 47.98 ± 11.29 % of questions correctly on the nutrition questionnaire with no differences observed between sexes (men: 49.52 ± 11.76% vs. women: 47.03 ± 11.04%; p=0.40). An inverse relationship between sport nutrition knowledge scores and body fat percentage (r = -0.330; p=0.008), and fat mass (r = -.268; p=0.032) was observed for all athletes. Fat mass (β = 0.224), BF % (β = 0.217), and BMI (β = 0.421) were all significant (p&lt;0.05) predictors of body weight goal in women. All athletes significantly (p&lt;0.001) underestimated daily energy (-1,360 ± 610.2 kcal/d), carbohydrate (-301.6 ± 149.2 g/d), and fat (-41.4 ± 34.5 g/d) requirements. Division III collegiate athletes have a low level of sport nutrition knowledge, which was associated with a higher BF %. Women athletes with a higher body weight, BF % and BMI were more likely to select weight loss as a body weight goal. Athletes also significantly underestimated their energy and carbohydrate requirements based upon the demands of their sport, independent of sex.

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Dietary Intakes of Professional and Semi-Professional Team Sport Athletes Do Not Meet Sport Nutrition Recommendations—A Systematic Literature Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11051160 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1160 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Sarah L. Jenner ◽

Georgina L. Buckley ◽

Regina Belski ◽

Brooke L. Devlin ◽

Adrienne K. Forsyth

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Systematic Literature Review ◽

Team Sport ◽

Small Sample ◽

Sport Nutrition ◽

Professional Athletes ◽

Dietary Advice ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Dietary Recommendations

Background: to develop sport-specific and effective dietary advice, it is important to understand the dietary intakes of team sport athletes. This systematic literature review aims to (1) assess the dietary intakes of professional and semi-professional team sport athletes and (2) to identify priority areas for dietetic intervention. Methods: an extensive search of MEDLINE, Sports DISCUS, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus databases in April–May 2018 was conducted and identified 646 studies. Included studies recruited team sport, competitive (i.e., professional or semi-professional) athletes over the age of 18 years. An assessment of dietary intake in studies was required and due to the variability of data (i.e., nutrient and food group data) a meta-analysis was not undertaken. Two independent authors extracted data using a standardised process. Results: 21 (n = 511) studies that assessed dietary intake of team sport athletes met the inclusion criteria. Most reported that professional and semi-professional athletes’ dietary intakes met or exceeded recommendations during training and competition for protein and/or fat, but not energy and carbohydrate. Limitations in articles include small sample sizes, heterogeneity of data and existence of underreporting. Conclusions: this review highlights the need for sport-specific dietary recommendations that focus on energy and carbohydrate intake. Further exploration of factors influencing athletes’ dietary intakes including why athletes’ dietary intakes do not meet energy and/or carbohydrate recommendations is required.

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Dietary Intakes of Recipients of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation: An Observational Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051487 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1487

Author(s):

Annabel K. Clancy ◽

Christina Lee ◽

Harrison Hamblin ◽

Anoja W. Gunaratne ◽

Antoinette LeBusque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Food Groups ◽

Faecal Microbiota ◽

Dietary Analysis ◽

Faecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Severity Scores ◽

Food Diaries ◽

The Relationship

This study reports on the dietary intake of recipients of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), comparing this with dietary guidelines, and investigates the relationship between dietary intake and clinical outcomes. Males and females aged ≥ 16 years with irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease undergoing FMT were invited to complete validated symptom and quality of life (QOL) questionnaires and three-day weighed food diaries. Descriptive statistics were calculated for symptom scores, QOL scores, nutrients, and food group servings, and compared to Australian population norms, nutrient reference values, and dietary guidelines. The relationship between dietary intake, symptoms, and QOL was assessed. Participants (n = 18) reported baseline symptoms of urgency, abdominal pain, nausea, and bloating and reduced QOL. Of the participants who completed food diaries, 8/14 met the recommended 30 g of fibre when including supplements. Participants met the recommendations for micronutrients and food groups except calcium, fruit, and dairy/dairy alternatives. There was a non-significant trend towards lower symptom severity scores in participants who met the fibre target. The high degree of variability in participant fibre intakes highlights diet as a key variable that has not been previously controlled for in FMT intervention studies. Future studies examining FMT should include dietary analysis of habitual intake of the recipients and donors.

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The Influence of Sport Nutrition Knowledge on Body Composition and Perceptions of Dietary Requirements in Collegiate Athletes

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072239 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2239

Author(s):

Andrew R. Jagim ◽

Jennifer B. Fields ◽

Meghan Magee ◽

Chad Kerksick ◽

Joel Luedke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Collegiate Athletes ◽

Nutrition Knowledge ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Sport Nutrition ◽

Division Iii

Sport nutrition knowledge has been shown to influence dietary habits of athletes. The purpose of the current study was to examine relationships between sport nutrition knowledge and body composition and examine potential predictors of body weight goals in collegiate athletes. Participants included National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III women (n = 42, height: 169.9 ± 6.9 cm; body mass: 67.1 ± 8.6 kg; fat-free mass: 51.3 ± 6.6 kg; body fat per cent: 24.2 ± 5.3%) and men (n = 25, height: 180.8 ± 7.2 cm; body mass: 89.2 ± 20.5 kg; fat-free mass: 75.9 ± 12.2 kg; body fat per cent: 13.5 ± 8.9%) athletes. Body composition was assessed via air displacement plethysmography. Athletes completed a validated questionnaire designed to assess sport nutrition knowledge and were asked questions about their perceived dietary energy and macronutrient requirements, as well as their body weight goal (i.e., lose, maintain, gain weight). Athletes answered 47.98 ± 11.29% of questions correctly on the nutrition questionnaire with no differences observed between sexes (men: 49.52 ± 11.76% vs. women: 47.03 ± 11.04%; p = 0.40). An inverse relationship between sport nutrition knowledge scores and body fat percentage (BF%) (r = –0.330; p = 0.008), and fat mass (r = –.268; p = 0.032) was observed for all athletes. Fat mass (β = 0.224), BF% (β = 0.217), and body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.421) were all significant (p < 0.05) predictors of body weight goal in women. All athletes significantly (p < 0.001) underestimated daily energy (–1,360 ± 610.2 kcal/day), carbohydrate (–301.6 ± 149.2 grams/day [g/day]), and fat (–41.4 ± 34.5 g/day) requirements. Division III collegiate athletes have a low level of sport nutrition knowledge, which was associated with a higher BF%. Women athletes with a higher body weight, BF% and BMI were more likely to select weight loss as a body weight goal. Athletes also significantly underestimated their energy and carbohydrate requirements based upon the demands of their sport, independent of sex.

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