Chemical and biological activity of: Calea sp. from Panama; Centaurea spp. from Algeria; Hypericum spp. from Crete; Euphorbia spp. from Central Greece

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μαρία-Ελένη Γραφάκου
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
National Cancer Institute ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
Tnf Α

Τα φάρμακα φυσικής προέλευσης παίζουν καίριο ρόλο τόσο στην παραδοσιακή όσο και στην σύγχρονη ιατρική, καθώς η φύση παρέχει μια ανεξάντλητη πηγή βιοδραστικών συστατικών, και ο ρόλος των φυσικών προϊόντων στην εύρεση καινούργιων μορίων-οδηγών για την ανακάλυψη αποτελεσματικών φαρμάκων για μία πληθώρα ασθενειών καθημερινώς ενισχύεται. Με βάση σύγχρονα βιβλιογραφικά δεδομένα, η μελέτη είχε ως στόχο την αναζήτηση και τον εντοπισμό σεσκιτερπενικών λακτονών (από τα ενδημικά είδη Centaurea και Calea), φαινολικών παραγώγων και αιθερίων ελαίων (από ενδημικά είδη Hypericum), καθώς και διτερπενίων (από ενδημική Euphorbia), με έμφαση στην αντιφλεγμονώδη και κυτταροτοξική δράση. Αναφορικά με τα τέσσερα υπό εξέταση είδη, αν και διαφέρουν τόσο στην βοτανική κατάταξη, όσο και στο χημικό προφίλ, εμφανίζουν ομοιότητες, που αφορούν στη βιολογική δράση. Το Κενταύριο, το Υπερικό και η Ευφορβία αναφέρονται απο τον Ιπποκράτη (5ος αιώνας π.Χ.) και παρατηρούμε επίσης ότι έχουν καταγραφεί κοινές χρήσεις και για τα τέσσερα γένη στην παραδοσιακή λαϊκή θεραπευτική μέχρι σήμερα, και συγκεκριμένα αναφέρονται ως επουλωτικά, αντιπυρετικά, αντιφλεγμονώδη, διουρητικά, εμμηναγωγά, για γαστρεντερικές διαταραχές. Είναι σημαντικό ότι τα ενδημικά είδη με στενή εξάπλωση αποτελούν δυνητικά σημαντικές πηγές νέων βιοδραστικών δευτερογενών μεταβολιτών, δεδομένου ότι τα αντίστοιχα φυτικά είδη από τα ίδια γένη ευρείας όμως εξάπλωσης εμφανίζουν πληθώρα εθνοφαρμακολογικών αναφορών.Συνολικά 84 δευτερογενείς μεταβολίτες απομονώθηκαν από ενδημικά φυτά που φύονται ανά τον κόσμο, και συγκεκριμένα 26 από την Calea jamaicensis, 12 από την Centaurea papposa, 24 από το Hypericum jovis, και 22 από την Euphorbia deflexa. Η ανίχνευση και απομόνωση μεταβολιτών, που ανήκουν στις κατηγορίες των σεσκιτερπενικών λακτονών, φλορογλουκινών και διτερπενίων ήταν κατευθυνόμενη μέσω 1Η NMR (Φασματοσκοπία Πυρηνικού Μαγνητικού Συντονισμού). Οι πορείες απομόνωσης περιελάμβαναν μία πληθώρα χρωματογραφικών τεχνικών, όπως στήλης με διαφορετικά πληρωτικά υλικά (πχ. silica, diaion, sephadex), παρασκευαστική χρωματογραφία λεπτής στιβάδας, καθώς και υγρή χρωματογραφία υψηλής απόδοσης (HPLC) με ανιχνευτές RI και DAD και κατάλληλες στήλες (RP-C18, RP-Biphenyl, NP). Οι χημικές δομές αποδώθηκαν με συνδυασμό από δεδομένα NMR, φασματομετρία μάζης (HRESIMS) και κρυσταλλογραφίας (X-ray). Απομονώθηκαν και ταυτοποιήθηκαν 28 σεσκιτερπενικές λακτόνες, 14 φλορογλουκινόλες, 22 διτερπένια και 20 άλλα συστατικά, μεταξύ αυτών 14 σεσκιτερπενικές λακτόνες, 2 φλορογλουκινόλες, 16 διτερπένια και 3 χρωμένια αποτελούν νέα φυσικά προϊόντα, που περιγράφονται για πρώτη φορά στη παρούσα εργασία, όπως και τα κρυσταλλογραφικά δεδομένα από δύο διτερπένια. Παράλληλα, περισσότερα από 120 πτητικά συστατικά ταυτοποιήθηκαν με την τεχνική της αεριοχρωματογραφίας συζευγμένης με φασματομετρία μάζης (GC-MS) από φυτά του γένους Hypericum (H. jovis, H. empetrifolium, H. amblyocalyx, H. triquetrifolium και H. perforatum), κυρίως μονοτερπενικοί και σεσκιτερπενικοί υδρογονάνθρακες. Οι απομονωμένες σεσκιτερπενικές λακτόνες αξιολογήθηκαν in vitro σε καρκινικές σειρές, παρουσιάζοντας IC50 ≤ 10 μM, τιμές που κατατάσσουν τα μόρια σε δραστικά και πιθανά αντικαρκινικά φάρμακα με βάση τις οδηγίες από το Εθνικό Ινστιτούτο Καρκίνου (National Cancer Institute). Συγκεκριμένα, ο carbetolide C απέδωσε τιμές IC50 για τις καρκινικές σειρές HeLa, SK-MEL-28 και HePG2 παρόμοιες με αυτές του παρθενολιδίου (2.9, 7.5, 12.6 μΜ και 2.1, 4.9, 10.0 μΜ, αντίστοιχα), που αποτελεί ισχυρή αντικαρκινική σεσκιτερπενική λακτόνη και η οποία χρησιμοποιήθηκε ως πρότυπη ουσία-μάρτυρας (positive control). Είναι σημαντικό πως στο σύνολό τους οι σεσκιτερπενικές λακτόνες δεν παρουσίασαν τοξικότητα στα φυσιολογικά/μη καρκινικά κύτταρα HMEC-1, παρότι οι αντιδράσεις τύπου Michael του λακτονικού δακτυλίου συνήθως περιλαμβάνουν και φαινόμενα μη ειδικής τοξικότητας. Στην κυτταρρική σειρά HMEC-1, οι σεσκιτερπενικές λακτόνες οδήγησαν σε δοσοεξαρτώμενη αντιφλεγμονώδη δράση αναστέλλοντας την επαγόμενη μέσω TNF-α έκφραση του μορίου ICAM-1. Ισχυρή αντιφλεγμονώδη δράση παρουσίασαν επίσης και οι φλορογλουκινόλες τόσο στην in vitro βιοδοκιμασία του ICAM-1, όσο και στην ex vivo βιοδοκιμασία COX/LOX. Πολύ λίγες μελέτες περιγράφουν τις αντιφλεγμονώδεις ιδιότητες αυτών των ουσιών, καταδεικνύοντας την ανάγκη για περαιτέρω διερεύνηση της δυναμικής τους ως αντιφλεγμονώδεις παράγοντες. Όσον αφορά στα διτερπένια από την Euphorbia, αν και άφθονα με εξαιρετικό ενδιαφέρον στην περίπλοκη απόδοση δομών, τα περισσότερα από αυτά δεν παρουσίασαν αξιόλογες βιολογικές δράσεις. Περαιτέρω, αν και είναι γνωστή η επουλωτική δράση του βαλσαμέλαιου (Oleum Hyperici), δεν είχαν μελετηθεί προηγουμένως οι επουλωτικές ιδιότητες των αιθερίων ελαίων από φυτά του γένους Hypericum, παρότι πτητικά συστατικά συνεκχυλίζονται κατά την παρασκευή του βαλσαμέλαιου. Για να καλυφθεί αυτό το κενό, διερευνήθηκαν in vivo πέντε αιθέρια έλαια και έδειξαν σημαντική επουλωτική δράση, ενισχύοντας τη γνώση για τις θεραπευτικές ιδιότητες του γένους Hypericum. Επιπλέον, ο μεταβολισμός των φυσικών προϊόντων είναι πολύ λιγότερο μελετημένος σε σχέση με τα βιοσυνθετικά τους μονοπάτια, οπότε ένας τελικός στόχος της παρούσας διατριβής αποτέλεσε η διερεύνηση του in vitro μεταβολισμού των σεσκιτερπενικών λακτονών χρησιμοποιώντας μικροσώματα ανθρώπινου ήπατος και οι μεταβολίτες ανιχθεύθηκαν με LC-MS/MS. Οι σεσκιτερπενικές λακτόνες οδήγησαν σε ποικίλους μεταβολίτες λόγω της δομικής τους ποικιλομορφίας, αν και ο εξαιρετικά ενεργός δακτύλιος λακτόνης παρέμεινε η πιο κοινή μεταβολική θέση.Συμπερασματικά, αναφέρθηκε υψηλή κυτταροτοξική, αντιφλεγμονώδης και επουλωτική δράση από φυσικά προϊόντα που προέρχονται από τα φυτά που μελετήθηκαν, i.e. Calea jamaicensis, Centaurea papposa, Hypericum jovis, H. empetrifolium και Euphorbia deflexa. Για αυτά τα είδη, υπήρχαν ελάχιστες αναφορές στη βιβλιογραφία. Στη παρούσα διδακτoρική διατριβή μελετήθηκαν αυτά τα είδη χρησιμοποιώντας σύγχρονες τεχνικές και διερευνώντας τις βιολογικές επιδράσεις των συστατικών τους. Η φύση θα συνεχίσει να αποτελεί μια πηγή νέων φαρμάκων στο μέλλον και τα αποτελέσματα αυτής της μελέτης συμβάλλουν στην ανακάλυψη δραστικών ουσιών βασισμένων στα φυσικά προϊόντα, υποστηρίζοντας περαιτέρω τη στρατηγική χρήση φυσικών προϊόντων ως αφετηρία για τη διερεύνηση νέων δομών ως δυνητικών παραγόντων για ποικίλες ανθρώπινες παθήσεις.

scholarly journals Combining Immunocytokine and Ex Vivo Activated NK Cells as a Platform for Enhancing Graft-Versus-Tumor Effects Against GD2+ Murine Neuroblastoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Bates ◽  
Alexander L. Rakhmilevich ◽  
Monica M. Cho ◽  
Myriam N. Bouchlaka ◽  
Seema L. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Allogeneic Hsct ◽  
Tnf Α

Management for high-risk neuroblastoma (NBL) has included autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and anti-GD2 immunotherapy, but survival remains around 50%. The aim of this study was to determine if allogeneic HSCT could serve as a platform for inducing a graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect against NBL with combination immunocytokine and NK cells in a murine model. Lethally irradiated C57BL/6 (B6) x A/J recipients were transplanted with B6 bone marrow on Day +0. On day +10, allogeneic HSCT recipients were challenged with NXS2, a GD2+ NBL. On days +14-16, mice were treated with the anti-GD2 immunocytokine hu14.18-IL2. In select groups, hu14.18-IL2 was combined with infusions of B6 NK cells activated with IL-15/IL-15Rα and CD137L ex vivo. Allogeneic HSCT alone was insufficient to control NXS2 tumor growth, but the addition of hu14.18-IL2 controlled tumor growth and improved survival. Adoptive transfer of ex vivo CD137L/IL-15/IL-15Rα activated NK cells with or without hu14.18-IL2 exacerbated lethality. CD137L/IL-15/IL-15Rα activated NK cells showed enhanced cytotoxicity and produced high levels of TNF-α in vitro, but induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in vivo. Infusing Perforin-/- CD137L/IL-15/IL-15Rα activated NK cells had no impact on GVT, whereas TNF-α-/- CD137L/IL-15/IL-15Rα activated NK cells improved GVT by decreasing peripheral effector cell subsets while preserving tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Depletion of Ly49H+ NK cells also improved GVT. Using allogeneic HSCT for NBL is a viable platform for immunocytokines and ex vivo activated NK cell infusions, but must be balanced with induction of CRS. Regulation of TNFα or activating NK subsets may be needed to improve GVT effects.

scholarly journals Effect of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α on intestinal riboflavin uptake: inhibition mediated via transcriptional mechanism(s)

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (5) ◽  
pp. C653-C663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasin Yadunandam Anandam ◽  
Omar A. Alwan ◽  
Veedamali S. Subramanian ◽  
Padmanabhan Srinivasan ◽  
Rubina Kapadia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Uptake Inhibition ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Factor Α

Riboflavin (RF), is essential for normal cellular metabolism/function. Intestinal RF absorption occurs via a specific carrier-mediated process that involves the apical transporter RFVT-3 ( SLC52A3) and the basolateral RFVT-1 (SLC52A1). Previously, we characterized different cellular/molecular aspects of the intestinal RF uptake process, but nothing is known about the effect of proinflammatory cytokines on the uptake event. We addressed this issue using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models. First, we determined the level of mRNA expression of the human (h)RFVT-3 and hRFVT-1 in intestinal tissue of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and observed a markedly lower level compared with controls. In the in vitro model, exposing Caco-2 cells to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) led to a significant inhibition in RF uptake, an effect that was abrogated upon knocking down TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1). The inhibition in RF uptake was associated with a significant reduction in the expression of hRFVT-3 and -1 protein and mRNA levels, as well as in the activity of the SLC52A3 and SLC52A1 promoters. The latter effects appear to involve Sp1 and NF-κB sites in these promoters. Similarly, exposure of mouse small intestinal enteroids and wild-type mice to TNF-α led to a significant inhibition in physiological and molecular parameters of intestinal RF uptake. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that exposure of intestinal epithelial cells to TNF-α leads to inhibition in RF uptake and that this effect is mediated, at least in part, via transcriptional mechanism(s). These findings may explain the significantly low RF levels observed in patients with IBD.

Uncoupling protein 3 biological activity

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Giacobino
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Muscle Fibre Types ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 3 ◽  
Intronic Polymorphism

The hypothesis that uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is an uncoupling protein involved in heat dissipation is not unequivocally supported. An update of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies testing this hypothesis is presented. Data are provided showing that exercise induces a fatty acid-dependent increase in muscle UCP3 mRNA in humans. The proposed positive correlation between glycolytic capacity and UCP3 level in various muscle-fibre types in the mouse is reassessed. Finally, an association between an intronic polymorphism of UCP3 and adiposity is reported.

scholarly journals Targeted Deletion of the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding Protein Gene Leads to Profound Suppression of LPS Responses Ex Vivo, whereas In Vivo Responses Remain Intact

1997 ◽  
Vol 186 (12) ◽  
pp. 2051-2056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark M. Wurfel ◽  
Brian G. Monks ◽  
Robin R. Ingalls ◽  
Russell L. Dedrick ◽  
Russell Delude ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Transfer Protein ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Lps Binding

Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates phagocytic leukocytes by interacting with the cell surface protein CD14. Cellular responses to LPS are markedly potentiated by the LPS-binding protein (LBP), a lipid-transfer protein that binds LPS aggregates and transfers LPS monomers to CD14. LBP also transfers LPS to lipoproteins, thereby promoting the neutralization of LPS. LBP present in normal plasma has been shown to enhance the LPS responsiveness of cells in vitro. The role of LBP in promoting LPS responsiveness in vivo was tested in LBP-deficient mice produced by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. Whole blood from LBP-deficient animals was 1,000-fold less responsive to LPS as assessed by the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Blood from gene-targeted mice was devoid of immunoreactive LBP, essentially incapable of transferring LPS to CD14 in vitro, and failed to support cellular responses to LPS. These activities were restored by the addition of exogenous recombinant murine LBP to the plasma. Despite these striking in vitro findings, no significant differences in TNF-α levels were observed in plasma from wild-type and LBP-deficient mice injected with LPS. These data suggest the presence of an LBP-independent mechanism for responding to LPS. These LBP knockout mice may provide a tool for discovering the nature of the presumed second mechanism for transferring LPS to responsive cells.

scholarly journals SIBS triblock copolymers in cardiac surgery: in vitro and in vivo studies in comparison with ePTFE

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
M. A. Rezvova ◽  
E. A. Ovcharenko ◽  
P. A. Nikishev ◽  
S. V. Kostyuk ◽  
L. V. Antonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Solution Casting Method ◽  
Cell Adhesion And Proliferation

Implantation of polymeric heart valves can solve the problems of existing valve substitutes – mechanical and biological. Objective: to comprehensively assess the hemocompatibility of styrene-isobutylene-styrene (SIBS) triblock copolymer, synthesized by controlled cationic polymerization in comparison with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) used in clinical practice. Materials and methods. SIBS-based films were made by polymer solution casting method; in vitro biocompatibility assessment was performed using cell cultures, determining cell viability, cell adhesion and proliferation; tendency of materials to calcify was determined through in vitro accelerated calcification; in vivo biocompatibility assessment was performed by subcutaneous implantation of rat samples; hemocompatibility was determined ex vivo by assessing the degree of hemolysis, aggregation, and platelet adhesion. Results. The molecular weight of synthesized polymer was 33,000 g/mol with a polydispersity index of 1.3. When studying cell adhesion, no significant differences (p = 0.20) between the properties of the SIBS polymer (588 cells/mm2) and the properties of culture plastics (732 cells/mm2) were discovered. Cell adhesion for the ePTFE material was 212 cells/mm2. Percentage of dead cells on SIBS and ePTFE samples was 4.40 and 4.72% (p = 0.93), respectively, for culture plastic – 1.16% (p < 0.05). Cell proliferation on the ePTFE surface (0.10%) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than for the same parameters for SIBS and culture plastic (62.04 and 44.00%). Implantation results (60 days) showed the formation of fibrous capsules with average thicknesses of 42 μm (ePTFE) and 58 μm (SIBS). Calcium content in the explanted samples was 0.39 mg/g (SIBS), 1.25 mg/g (ePTFE) and 93.79 mg/g (GA-xenopericardium) (p < 0.05). Hemolysis level of red blood cells after contact with SIBS was 0.35%, ePTFE – 0.40%, which is below positive control (p < 0.05). Maximum platelet aggregation of intact platelet-rich blood plasma was 8.60%, in contact with SIBS polymer – 18.11%, with ePTFE – 22.74%. Conclusion. In terms of hemocompatibility properties, the investigated SIBS polymer is not inferior to ePTFE and can be used as a basis for development of polymeric prosthetic heart valves.

scholarly journals Fucoxanthin-Containing Cream Prevents Epidermal Hyperplasia and UVB-Induced Skin Erythema in Mice

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azahara Rodríguez-Luna ◽  
Javier Ávila-Román ◽  
María González-Rodríguez ◽  
María Cózar ◽  
Antonio Rabasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Epidermal Hyperplasia ◽  
Topical Formulation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Skin Erythema ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Microalgae represent a source of bio-active compounds such as carotenoids with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We aimed to investigate the effects of fucoxanthin (FX) in both in vitro and in vivo skin models. Firstly, its anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages and TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes, and its antioxidant activity in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Next, in vitro and ex vivo permeation studies were developed to determine the most suitable formulation for in vivo FX topical application. Then, we evaluated the effects of a FX-containing cream on TPA-induced epidermal hyperplasia in mice, as well as on UVB-induced acute erythema in hairless mice. Our results confirmed the in vitro reduction of TNF-α, IL-6, ROS and LDH production. Since the permeation results showed that cream was the most favourable vehicle, FX-cream was elaborated. This formulation effectively ameliorated TPA-induced hyperplasia, by reducing skin edema, epidermal thickness, MPO activity and COX-2 expression. Moreover, FX-cream reduced UVB-induced erythema through down-regulation of COX-2 and iNOS as well as up-regulation of HO-1 protein via Nrf-2 pathway. In conclusion, FX, administered in a topical formulation, could be a novel natural adjuvant for preventing exacerbations associated with skin inflammatory pathologies as well as protecting skin against UV radiation.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF CLARITHROMYCIN GASTRIC BIOADHESIVE TABLETS BY EX VIVO AND IN VIVO METHODS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Nishad Km ◽  
Arul B ◽  
Rajasekaran S
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

 Objective: The present investigation was to formulate controlled release of mucoadhesive clarithromycin tablets using natural polymers.Methods: Tamarind seed polysaccharide obtained from Tamarindus indica and chitosan act as natural polymers. The formulated tablets of the combined form of thrombospondin (TSP) and chitosan were analyzed by in vitro dissolution method. The optimized formulations were selected for ex vivo and in vivo studies and compared with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K100 polymer by evaluating gastric retention period by X-ray imaging technique, and drug bioavailability by a pharmacokinetic method from blood samples was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method.Results: The gastric mucoadhesive tablets were prepared using chito-TSP polymers. The in vitro drug release showed good release character for 24 h. The ex vivo studies of tablets showed good adhesive property for a long time. The X-ray imaging technique also proved the adhesive character of tablets. From blood serum sample of rabbits, bioavailability of the drug is in according to the controlled release mechanism.Conclusion: The selected formulations were subjected to stability studies. The study concluded that combination of chitosan and TSP is best natural polymer for mucoadhesion by the advantages of controlled release and biodegradation.

Atrial contractile dysfunction, fibrosis, and arrhythmias in a mouse model of cardiomyopathy secondary to cardiac-specific overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-α

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (4) ◽  
pp. H1456-H1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Saba ◽  
Andrzej M. Janczewski ◽  
Linda C. Baker ◽  
Vladimir Shusterman ◽  
Erdal C. Gursoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Atrial Arrhythmias ◽  
Programmed Stimulation ◽  
Atrial Muscle ◽  
Tnf Α

Transgenic mice overexpressing the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in the heart develop a progressive heart failure syndrome characterized by biventricular dilatation, decreased ejection fraction, decreased survival compared with non-transgenic littermates, and earlier pathology in males. TNF-α mice (TNF1.6) develop atrial arrhythmias on ambulatory telemetry monitoring that worsen with age and are more severe in males. We performed in vivo electrophysiological testing in transgenic and control mice, ex vivo optical mapping of voltage in the atria of isolated perfused TNF1.6 hearts, and in vitro studies on isolated atrial muscle and cells to study the mechanisms that lead to the spontaneous arrhythmias. Programmed stimulation induces atrial arrhythmias ( n = 8/32) in TNF1.6 but not in control mice ( n = 0/37), with a higher inducibility in males. In the isolated perfused hearts, programmed stimulation with single extra beats elicits reentrant atrial arrhythmias ( n = 6/6) in TNF1.6 but not control hearts due to slow heterogeneous conduction of the premature beats. Lowering extracellular Ca2+ normalizes conduction and prevents the arrhythmias. Atrial muscle and cells from TNF1.6 compared with control mice exhibit increased collagen deposition, decreased contractile function, and abnormal systolic and diastolic Ca2+ handling. Thus abnormalities in action potential propagation and Ca2+ handling contribute to the initiation of atrial arrhythmias in this mouse model of heart failure.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Piplartine against LPS-Induced Sepsis through Attenuating the MAPKs/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 588
Author(s):  
Chi-Han Huang ◽  
Shu-Chi Wang ◽  
I-Chen Chen ◽  
Yi-Ting Chen ◽  
Po-Len Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Activated Macrophages ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Piplartine (or Piperlongumine) is a natural alkaloid isolated from Piper longum L., which has been proposed to exhibit various biological properties such as anti-inflammatory effects; however, the effect of piplartine on sepsis has not been examined. This study was performed to examine the anti-inflammatory activities of piplartine in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo using murine J774A.1 macrophage cell line, peritoneal macrophages, bone marrow-derived macrophages and an animal sepsis model. The results demonstrated that piplartine suppresses iNOS and COX-2 expression, reduces PGE2, TNF-α and IL-6 production, decreases the phosphorylation of MAPKs and NF-κB and attenuates NF-κB activity by LPS-activated macrophages. Piplartine also inhibits IL-1β production and suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation by LPS/ATP- and LPS/nigericin-activated macrophages. Moreover, piplartine reduces the production of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, decreases LPS-induced tissue damage, attenuates infiltration of inflammatory cells and enhances the survival rate. Collectively, these results demonstrate piplartine exhibits anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-induced inflammation and sepsis and suggest that piplartine might have benefits for sepsis treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document