scholarly journals Serological and immuno-histopathological detection of Paramphistomum epiclitum infection in large ruminant population in Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 3203
Author(s):  
I KHAN ◽  
K AFSHAN ◽  
R ULLAH ◽  
M KOMAL ◽  
MA KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Serological Examination ◽  
Large Ruminant ◽  
Paramphistomum Epiclitum ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
First Time

Recent molecular identification of Paramphistomum epiclitum in Pakistan raises concerns about its epidemiology and pathologies in infected tissues of ruminants. The present study aimed to find the seroepidemiological and histopathological record of Paramphistomum epiclitum from cattle and buffaloes. Indirect ELISA on animal sera and histology of infected rumen with hematological and biochemical analyses were performed. The overall prevalence of P. epiclitum was noted as 15.3% in the abattoir survey and 37.6% in the serological examination. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test were 100% and 83.3% respectively. The paramphistomosis was significantly (p= 0.001) higher during August (6.4%) followed by September (5.4%), whereas the lowest prevalence was recorded during April (0.4%). The hematological and biochemical variations showed significant increase in total leukocyte count (p= 0.002), alanine aminotransferase (p= 0.05), glucose (p= 0.01) and cholesterol (p = 0.024) levels. However, significant decrease in the level of erythrocyte (p= 0.019), hemoglobin (p= 0.001), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (p= 0.05), mean corpuscular volume (p= 0.038) and platelets count (p= 0.048) was observed. The histopathology of rumen tissue showed haemorrhages, atrophy of ruminal papillae, sloughed mucosa, cellular vacuolation, and infiltration of lymphocytes inflammatory cells. The present study provides the prevalence and histopathological record of P. epiclitum in Pakistan for the first time in order to take control measures in the country.

Prevalence and asssessment of risk factors for haemoprotozoan infectionsin cattle and buffaloes of South-West Gujarat, India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Maharana ◽  
Binod Kumar ◽  
A. Prasad ◽  
T. K. Patbandha ◽  
N. R. Sudhakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
The Difference

A total of 480 suspected blood samples were collected from cattle (n=254) and buffaloes (n=226) during the study period from September 2011 to December 2014 for determination of prevalence of haemoprotozoan parasites from South Western Gujarat (Junagadh). The conventional optical microscopy of Giemsa stained blood smears revealed that 37% of cattle and 38.93% of buffaloes were infected with haemoprotozoan parasites including Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, Trypanosoma evansi and Theileria annulata. The animals infected with haemoprotozoan diseases showed lower total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and higher total leukocyte count (TLC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Incidence of haemoprotozoan infection between the breeds differed significantly (P<0.05). Haemoprotozoan infections were recorded significantly higher (P<0.001) in monsoon season followed by summer and being lowest in winter season in cattle. Over all prevalence in female animals were higher than male counterparts. In both the species, over all higher prevalence of babesiosis was recorded in comparison to other haemoprotozoan diseases and the difference being statistically non-significant (p>0.05). The prevalence of B. bigemina in bovines was associated with various risk factors namely age, season and breed (p£0.05). Sex wise females recorded apparently higher infection rates than males. The multivariate logistic regression models showed that the risk of babesiosis was significantly higher in rainy season (OR=5.18, P=0.003) followed by summer (OR=3.9, P=0.019) compared to winter season. Conversely, in buffaloes, the risk of babesiosis was significantly higher in summer season (OR=9.0, P=0.004) followed by rainy (OR=7.43, P=0.008) compared to winter season. The risk for anaplasmosis in buffaloes increased by 3.46 times (OR=3.64, p=0.027) in non descriptive breed compared to well defined breed.

scholarly journals Zinc ameliorates lead toxicity by reducing body Pb burden and restoring Pb-induced haematological and biochemical derangements

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 239784732095656
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ike Ugwuja ◽  
Nweze Vincent ◽  
Ikechukwu C Ikaraoha ◽  
Samuel R Ohayi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Background: Studies on nutritional factors, including zinc in ameliorating the deleterious effects of potentially toxic elements have been scarce and the findings have been inconsistent. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ameliorative potential of zinc against lead-induced toxicity in rats. Materials and methods: Male albino rats (n = 24) assigned into four groups of six/group: normal control (NC), zinc control (ZnC; 20 mg/kg ZnCl2), lead control (PbC; 50 mg/kg PbCl2) and lead plus zinc (Pb + Zn; 50 mg/kg PbCl2 plus 20 mg/kg ZnCl2), respectively were investigated. All administrations were through oral route and lasted for 42 days after which blood samples were collected for haematological and biochemical analyses using standard techniques. Results: Results showed that packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (HBC), red blood cell count (RBC) were significant (p < 0.05) reduced while total white blood cell count (TWBC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and platelets were significantly elevated in PbC group in comparison with NC and ZnC. Also liver and renal function parameters as well as the liver and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) were elevated while antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in PbC group in comparison with NC and ZnC. Concentrations of lead were in the order: blood > liver > kidney in the PbC group. In addition to restoration of the altered parameters, administration of zinc in Pb + Zn group significantly reduced the raised lead concentrations in the plasma and organs. Conclusion: Reduction in body Pb burden and restoration of Pb-induced derangements in haematological and biochemical parameters by Zn strongly support the ameliorative property of Zn against Pb-induced toxicity.

scholarly journals Haematologic and Biochemical Parameters of Haemogregarine-infected ‎and Non-infected African Hinge-Back Tortoises in Ibadan, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
V. E. Adetunji ◽  
O. K. Adeyemo
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Egg Formation ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

This study was conducted to evaluate haematological and biochemical parameters of haemogregarine-infected (h-infected) and non-infected African hinge-back tortoises in Ibadan, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 120 tortoises, of which 70 were Kinixys belliana and 50 were K. homeana. Stained thin smears were examined for haemogregarines using light microscope. Haematological and biochemical analyses were carried out following standard procedures. A total of 91(75.83 %) tortoises were positive for haemogregarines. Significantly (P<0.05) lower values of haematocrit (23.92 %), haemoglobin (5.21g/dl) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (21.78 %) were recorded for h-infected tortoises with haematocrit (33.29 %), haemoglobin (8.31g/dl) and MCHC (24.96 %). Higher values of white blood cells (WBC) (7.26 x 109/L) and lymphocytes (2.71x109/L), were observed in h-infected than non-infected with WBC (5.58 x 109/L) and lymphocytes (2.15x109/L). Higher values of haematocrit and haemaglobin were recorded for K. Homeana.  Males had higher haematocrit (27.27 %) and WBC (7.09 x 109/L) than females with haematocrit (24.35 %) and WBC (6.93 x 109/L). Females had higher MCHC, haemoglobin and calcium values than males.The lower values of haematocrit, haemoglobin and MCHC obtained for h-infected tortoises were expected since haemogregarines are usually found intra-erythrocytic in their host thereby destroying affected erythrocytes and causing a decrease in haematocrit value. Higher WBC counts in h-infected tortoises is typical in diseased conditions. The higher level of calcium in female tortoises is due to their reproductive cycle especially vitellogenesis and egg formation. Hypo-proteinaemia recorded in h- infected tortoises was attributed to parasitism. It is concluded that majority of haematological and biochemical analytes showed considerable variations with level of infection status, species and gender.

scholarly journals Haematobiochemical changes of ovine (Ovis aries) blood during storage for transfusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Md Shohag ◽  
Mohammad Raguib Munif ◽  
Mst Nargis Jahan ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Md Rafiqul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Sheep Blood ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Citrate Dextrose ◽  
And Storage

Haematobiochemical changes of ovine (sheep) blood were investigated during preservation and storage with Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine-1 (CPDA-1) and Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD) for transfusion. Twelve healthy sheep were selected and divided into two equal groups: group X (n=6) and group Y (n=6). Thirty-five ml of blood was collected from each animal and preserved with CPDA-1 in group X and ACD in group Y under 4°C in refrigerator for 28 days. Haematological changes viz., total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC); and biochemical changes viz., total protein (TP) and pH were evaluated immediately after blood collection and thereafter on day-1, day-3, day-7, day-14, day-21 and day-28 for both groups. In ACD preserved blood; TEC, TLC, Hb and PCV decreased significantly (P<0.01) from day-14 onward, whereas in CPDA-1 preserved blood, these parameters decreased significantly (P<0.01) from day-21 onward. Blood preserved in ACD showed significant changes (P<0.01) in MCV, MCH and MCHC respectively from day- 7, day-14 and day-21 onward, whereas blood preserved in CPDA-1 showed no significant changes in the same parameters throughout the experiment. In both groups, no significant changes were noticed in TP but significant changes (P<0.01) were observed in pH with the progression of storage period. These findings elicited that both ACD and CPDA-1 exert certain haematobiochemical changes in stored sheep blood, however, CPDA-1 was more efficient than ACD in terms of maintaining proper levels of TEC, TLC, Hb., PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC during preservation and storage of sheep blood for transfusion. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(1): 113-120, April 2020

scholarly journals Effect of melamine and cyanurid acid contaminated diets on blood indicators in broiler chickens

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 564-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Straková ◽  
K. Karásková ◽  
D. Zapletal ◽  
P. Suchý
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Cyanuric Acid ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Red Blood Cell Count ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin

The effect of melamine and cyanuric acid contaminated diets on basic haematological and biochemical blood indicators in male broiler chickens (Ross 308) was studied. The chickens were divided into 6&nbsp;experimental groups (30 birds per group) and fed diets with an addition of 50 or 100 mg of melamine or 50 or 100 mg of cyanuric acid per kg of feed, with the contaminants added separately (either melamine or cyanuric acid) or in combination (melamine + cyanuric acid). The control group (C) was fed a diet without melamine or cyanuric acid. At the end of the experiment (day 40), 8 birds per treatment group were randomly selected for haematological and biochemical examination of blood. Red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit value, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean cell volume, and total leukocyte count did not differ significantly among the respective groups of broiler chickens (P &gt; 0.05). The concentrations of melamine and cyanuric acid used in the contaminated diet for broiler chickens led to highly significant changes in the content of total protein (TP), glucose (Glu), Ca, P, Na, and K (P &lt; 0.01) and to significant changes in the content of Mg (P &lt; 0.05) in their blood plasma. In comparison to the C&nbsp;group, the decrease in the content of TP, Glu, Ca, P, Na, K, and Mg in blood plasma was most pronounced in broilers fed the diets contaminated with cyanuric acid only or diets with the simultaneous contamination with melamine and cyanuric acid. On the basis of our results, it can be concluded that the contamination of feed with melamine and cyanuric acid, separately or in combination, results in impaired renal function and probably also in partial liver damage. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Comparative Efficacy of Silymarin and Choline Chloride (Liver Tonics) in Preventing the Effects of Aflatoxin B1 in Bovine Calves

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Naseer ◽  
J.A. Khan ◽  
M.S. Khan ◽  
M.O. Omer ◽  
G.A. Chishti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Abstract Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus spp. which are injurious to animals and humans The aim of this study was to determine the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI), Average Daily Weight Gain (ADWG), haematological and serum biochemical responses of Bovine Calves and to determine the comparative efficacy of two different liver tonics against AFB1. Twenty seven calves were selected from herd and divided into 3 groups. All calves were fed with 1.0 mg/kg AFB1 for a period of 10 days. After that they were fed with liver tonics: Silymarin fed at a rate of 600 mg/kg and Choline chloride 500 mg/kg for 7 days. The results indicate that the ADFI and ADWG of AFB1 treated calves decreased significantly. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine significantly increased due to AFB1. In haematology the total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin concentration (HGB), haematocrit levels (HCT), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), lymphocyte %, neutrophil % and monocyte % significantly decreased in AFB1 treated calves after 10 days of feeding. Both liver tonics significantly (p<0.05) improved all the parameters, including ADFI, ADWG, hematologial and serum biochemical test. However, Silymarin comparatively more efficiently ameliorate the effects induced by AFB1 than choline chloride.

scholarly journals Peripheral blood and bone marrow responses under stress of cypermethrin in albino rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Pande ◽  
Prabhu Narain Saxena ◽  
Brijender Bhushan ◽  
Nishi Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Rbc Count

Abstract Pyrethroids, commercially available pesticides, are greatly in use these days, and thus they carry considerable chances of contaminating various ecosystems. Haematotoxicity of cypermethrin, a broadly used type II pyrethroid, has been assessed in the present study. Selected parameters included determination of total RBC count, haemoglobin concentration (Hb conc.), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leukocyte count (DLC), along with qualitative analysis of blood and bone marrow. Of these parameters, those showing significant decline following cypermethrin intoxication included total RBC count, Hb conc., PCV, MCV, MCH, whereas non-significant decrease was observed in the case of MCHC. ESR, TLC and DLC, on the other hand, increased significantly following cypermethrin intoxication. Qualitative changes included altered red cell morphology such as microcystosis, appearance of stomatocytes, poikilocytosis, giant platelet formation, etc. in peripheral blood and increased erythroid precursors in bone marrow of treated rats. These parameters were however normalised following twenty-two days of recovery phase

Haematology and some blood chemical parameters of young carp till the age of three years

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Svetina ◽  
Željka Matašin ◽  
Alenka Tofant ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mirror Carp ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Moderate Anaemia ◽  
Intensive Growth

Haematological and biochemical analyses of blood were performed in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) kept in small ponds. Caught and anaesthetised carp were clinically examined and blood samples were taken at regular intervals during the three years. In the first year of examinations, the haemoglobin and haematocrit values of carp fry significantly increased (P<0.01) from June to September. The intensive growth of carp in the summer period in the second year was accompanied by adequate erythropoiesis. During hibernation haematocrit and haemoglobin significantly decreased (P<0.05) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) increased (P<0.01) in both scaly and mirror carp. MCHC increased also with the age and increasing body weight of the fish. Mirror carp had lower haematocrit and haemoglobin values than scaly carp (P<0.01). Comparative haematological analyses between carp of normal and poor body condition showed that moderate anaemia appeared in those with poor body condition. The results indicate that there is marked seasonal and age-dependent variation in the values of haematocrit and haemoglobin. Pond water quality investigations indicated good environmental conditions. A 50% increase (P<0.05) of glucose concentration was found from June to September in the blood plasma of carp in the third year, accompanied by an even more increased (80%; P<0.01) concentration of total lipids. At the same time, considerable changes of cholesterol and total protein concentrations were not observed. The results suggest that the investigated haematological and biochemical variables could be successfully utilised in monitoring the metabolic balance and health status of fish in intensive culture.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers at a COVID-19 referral hospital in Milan, Italy

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-107060
Author(s):  
Laura Milazzo ◽  
Alessia Lai ◽  
Laura Pezzati ◽  
Letizia Oreni ◽  
Annalisa Bergna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Referral Centre ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Professional Exposure ◽  
First Time ◽  
Time Point

ObjectivesHealthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this single-centre prospective study was to evaluate the trend of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in HCWs working at the primary referral centre for infectious diseases and bioemergencies (eg, COVID-19) in Northern Italy and investigate the factors associated with seroconversion.MethodsSix hundred and seventy-nine HCW volunteers were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies three times between 4 March and 27 May 2020 and completed a questionnaire covering COVID-19 exposure, symptoms and personal protective equipment (PPE) training and confidence at each time.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence rose from 3/679 to 26/608 (adjusted prevalence: 0.5%, 95% CI 0.1 to 1.7% and 5.4%, 95% CI 3.6 to 7.9, respectively) between the first two time points and then stabilised, in line with the curve of the COVID-19 epidemic in Milan. From the first time point, 61.6% of the HCWs had received training in the use of PPE and 17 (61.5%) of those who proved to be seropositive reported symptoms compatible with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Contacts with ill relatives or friends and self-reported symptoms were independently associated with an increased likelihood of seroconversion (p<0.0001 for both), whereas there was no significant association with professional exposure.ConclusionThe seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among the HCWs at our COVID-19 referral hospital was low at the time of the peak of the epidemic. The seroconversions were mainly attributable to extrahospital contacts, probably because the hospital readily adopted effective infection control measures. The relatively high number of asymptomatic seropositive HCWs highlights the need to promptly identify and isolate potentially infectious HCWs.

scholarly journals Effect of sex and seasons of the year on hematologic and serum biochemical variables of captive brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira)

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1364-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara M.S. Camargo ◽  
José M.B. Duarte ◽  
José J. Fagliari ◽  
André M. Santana ◽  
Kalina M.M.G. Simplício ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Ionic Calcium ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Mazama Gouazoubira ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Brocket Deer

The Brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) is the most common free-living and captive deer in South America, especially in Brazil, and has great ecological and scientific significance. However, data on hematological and biochemical parameters in brown brocket deer are scarce. The goal of this study was to establish reference ranges for hematological and biochemical parameters of Mazama gouazoubira, comparing differences during the seasons of the year and between sex. Blood samples from ten adult healthy brown brocket deer (6 female and 4 male) were collected during daytime, monthly, during 12 months. The animals were maintained in individual stable, protected from noise and fed ad libitum with commercial ration and green fodder. For blood collection, animals were submitted to physical restrain for no longer than 2 minutes. The following parameters were determined: red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count, enzyme activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), total protein (TP), albumin, cholesterol, total calcium, ionic calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triglycerides, creatinine and urea. Values were compared according to season and sex. RBC count, WBC count and MCV suggested seasonal influence. Haemoglobin concentration, PCV and MCV were influenced by sex. Serum concentration of total calcium, ionic calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium were influenced by season. Serum magnesium was also influenced by sex. The blood parameters herein reported may be useful as reference values for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in captive brown-brocket deer.

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