scholarly journals Peripheral blood and bone marrow responses under stress of cypermethrin in albino rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Pande ◽  
Prabhu Narain Saxena ◽  
Brijender Bhushan ◽  
Nishi Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Rbc Count

Abstract Pyrethroids, commercially available pesticides, are greatly in use these days, and thus they carry considerable chances of contaminating various ecosystems. Haematotoxicity of cypermethrin, a broadly used type II pyrethroid, has been assessed in the present study. Selected parameters included determination of total RBC count, haemoglobin concentration (Hb conc.), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leukocyte count (DLC), along with qualitative analysis of blood and bone marrow. Of these parameters, those showing significant decline following cypermethrin intoxication included total RBC count, Hb conc., PCV, MCV, MCH, whereas non-significant decrease was observed in the case of MCHC. ESR, TLC and DLC, on the other hand, increased significantly following cypermethrin intoxication. Qualitative changes included altered red cell morphology such as microcystosis, appearance of stomatocytes, poikilocytosis, giant platelet formation, etc. in peripheral blood and increased erythroid precursors in bone marrow of treated rats. These parameters were however normalised following twenty-two days of recovery phase

scholarly journals The Effects of Triethylene Melamine and Related Compounds on the Leukocytes of Mouse Leukemia

Blood ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 504-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH H. BURCHENAL ◽  
LORRAINE F. WEBBER ◽  
JUNE L. BIEDLER ◽  
G. MARIE MEIGS ◽  
GODFREY D. STOBBE
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Therapeutic Dosage ◽  
Mouse Leukemia ◽  
Massive Dose ◽  
Rapid Fall ◽  
Related Compounds

Abstract 1. In the usual therapeutic dosage in mice with the Ak4 strain of leukemia, TEM caused a prolongation of survival time, held the total leukocyte count down at severely leukopenic levels, delayed the appearance of immature lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, and caused a marked delay in the appearance of leukemic infiltrations of the liver, spleen, bone marrow and kidney. 2. A single massive dose of TEM, administered on the seventh day of the disease when the total leukocyte count was high, caused a rapid fall in the count and depressed the number of prolymphocytes in the peripheral blood. 3. Single massive doses of such structurally related compounds as hexamethylene diethylenurea, 2,4-diethylenimino-6-amino-s-triazine, and to a lesser degree, 2-ethylenimino-4,6-dimethoxy-s-triazine caused a similar fall in the total leukocyte count when administered on the seventh day of the disease.

scholarly journals Zinc ameliorates lead toxicity by reducing body Pb burden and restoring Pb-induced haematological and biochemical derangements

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 239784732095656
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ike Ugwuja ◽  
Nweze Vincent ◽  
Ikechukwu C Ikaraoha ◽  
Samuel R Ohayi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Background: Studies on nutritional factors, including zinc in ameliorating the deleterious effects of potentially toxic elements have been scarce and the findings have been inconsistent. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ameliorative potential of zinc against lead-induced toxicity in rats. Materials and methods: Male albino rats (n = 24) assigned into four groups of six/group: normal control (NC), zinc control (ZnC; 20 mg/kg ZnCl2), lead control (PbC; 50 mg/kg PbCl2) and lead plus zinc (Pb + Zn; 50 mg/kg PbCl2 plus 20 mg/kg ZnCl2), respectively were investigated. All administrations were through oral route and lasted for 42 days after which blood samples were collected for haematological and biochemical analyses using standard techniques. Results: Results showed that packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (HBC), red blood cell count (RBC) were significant (p < 0.05) reduced while total white blood cell count (TWBC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and platelets were significantly elevated in PbC group in comparison with NC and ZnC. Also liver and renal function parameters as well as the liver and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) were elevated while antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in PbC group in comparison with NC and ZnC. Concentrations of lead were in the order: blood > liver > kidney in the PbC group. In addition to restoration of the altered parameters, administration of zinc in Pb + Zn group significantly reduced the raised lead concentrations in the plasma and organs. Conclusion: Reduction in body Pb burden and restoration of Pb-induced derangements in haematological and biochemical parameters by Zn strongly support the ameliorative property of Zn against Pb-induced toxicity.

TREATMENT OF ACUTE LEUKEMIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-660
Author(s):  
Joseph H. Burchenal ◽  
M. Lois Murphy ◽  
Charlotte T. C. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection

IN TREATMENT of acute leukemia in children, as in treatment of any form of cancer, early diagnosis is of great importance. Although in contrast to many other tumors in children, leukemia is never curable even when detected at the early stages, the sooner treatment can be initiated, the more chance there is of having sufficient time to achieve a beneficial effect. The most important single factor in making the diagnosis of leukemia is a high degree of suspicion. Patients with pains in the bones and joints, with any hemorrhagic tendency, with increased susceptibility to infection or with an unexplained anemia or fever should have an immediate determination of total and differential leukocyte count, hemoglobin, and platelets. If any abnormality is found or if the symptoms persist, a bone marrow aspiration is essential. If these procedures are utilized, it is the rare case in which the diagnosis cannot be made with relative ease. In most cases of acute leukemia, there is almost complete replacement of the normal elements in the marrow by leukemic cells. Depression or absence of erythropoietic activity in the marrow and possibly decreased life span of the circulating erythrocytes leads to severe anemia with the accompanying symptoms of pallor, easy fatigability, and dyspnea on exertion. The decreased megakaryocytic activity in the bone marrow and the decrease of platelets in the circulating blood lead to petechiae, ecchymoses, and other hemorrhagic manifestations. In the peripheral blood the total leukocyte count may be high, normal, or low but, as most of the cells are abnormal in type, the patient is less able to combat infection.

scholarly journals Haematobiochemical changes of ovine (Ovis aries) blood during storage for transfusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Md Shohag ◽  
Mohammad Raguib Munif ◽  
Mst Nargis Jahan ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Md Rafiqul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Sheep Blood ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Citrate Dextrose ◽  
And Storage

Haematobiochemical changes of ovine (sheep) blood were investigated during preservation and storage with Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine-1 (CPDA-1) and Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD) for transfusion. Twelve healthy sheep were selected and divided into two equal groups: group X (n=6) and group Y (n=6). Thirty-five ml of blood was collected from each animal and preserved with CPDA-1 in group X and ACD in group Y under 4°C in refrigerator for 28 days. Haematological changes viz., total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC); and biochemical changes viz., total protein (TP) and pH were evaluated immediately after blood collection and thereafter on day-1, day-3, day-7, day-14, day-21 and day-28 for both groups. In ACD preserved blood; TEC, TLC, Hb and PCV decreased significantly (P<0.01) from day-14 onward, whereas in CPDA-1 preserved blood, these parameters decreased significantly (P<0.01) from day-21 onward. Blood preserved in ACD showed significant changes (P<0.01) in MCV, MCH and MCHC respectively from day- 7, day-14 and day-21 onward, whereas blood preserved in CPDA-1 showed no significant changes in the same parameters throughout the experiment. In both groups, no significant changes were noticed in TP but significant changes (P<0.01) were observed in pH with the progression of storage period. These findings elicited that both ACD and CPDA-1 exert certain haematobiochemical changes in stored sheep blood, however, CPDA-1 was more efficient than ACD in terms of maintaining proper levels of TEC, TLC, Hb., PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC during preservation and storage of sheep blood for transfusion. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(1): 113-120, April 2020

scholarly journals Effect of melamine and cyanurid acid contaminated diets on blood indicators in broiler chickens

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 564-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Straková ◽  
K. Karásková ◽  
D. Zapletal ◽  
P. Suchý
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Cyanuric Acid ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Red Blood Cell Count ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin

The effect of melamine and cyanuric acid contaminated diets on basic haematological and biochemical blood indicators in male broiler chickens (Ross 308) was studied. The chickens were divided into 6&nbsp;experimental groups (30 birds per group) and fed diets with an addition of 50 or 100 mg of melamine or 50 or 100 mg of cyanuric acid per kg of feed, with the contaminants added separately (either melamine or cyanuric acid) or in combination (melamine + cyanuric acid). The control group (C) was fed a diet without melamine or cyanuric acid. At the end of the experiment (day 40), 8 birds per treatment group were randomly selected for haematological and biochemical examination of blood. Red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit value, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean cell volume, and total leukocyte count did not differ significantly among the respective groups of broiler chickens (P &gt; 0.05). The concentrations of melamine and cyanuric acid used in the contaminated diet for broiler chickens led to highly significant changes in the content of total protein (TP), glucose (Glu), Ca, P, Na, and K (P &lt; 0.01) and to significant changes in the content of Mg (P &lt; 0.05) in their blood plasma. In comparison to the C&nbsp;group, the decrease in the content of TP, Glu, Ca, P, Na, K, and Mg in blood plasma was most pronounced in broilers fed the diets contaminated with cyanuric acid only or diets with the simultaneous contamination with melamine and cyanuric acid. On the basis of our results, it can be concluded that the contamination of feed with melamine and cyanuric acid, separately or in combination, results in impaired renal function and probably also in partial liver damage. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Comparative Efficacy of Silymarin and Choline Chloride (Liver Tonics) in Preventing the Effects of Aflatoxin B1 in Bovine Calves

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Naseer ◽  
J.A. Khan ◽  
M.S. Khan ◽  
M.O. Omer ◽  
G.A. Chishti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Abstract Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus spp. which are injurious to animals and humans The aim of this study was to determine the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI), Average Daily Weight Gain (ADWG), haematological and serum biochemical responses of Bovine Calves and to determine the comparative efficacy of two different liver tonics against AFB1. Twenty seven calves were selected from herd and divided into 3 groups. All calves were fed with 1.0 mg/kg AFB1 for a period of 10 days. After that they were fed with liver tonics: Silymarin fed at a rate of 600 mg/kg and Choline chloride 500 mg/kg for 7 days. The results indicate that the ADFI and ADWG of AFB1 treated calves decreased significantly. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine significantly increased due to AFB1. In haematology the total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin concentration (HGB), haematocrit levels (HCT), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), lymphocyte %, neutrophil % and monocyte % significantly decreased in AFB1 treated calves after 10 days of feeding. Both liver tonics significantly (p<0.05) improved all the parameters, including ADFI, ADWG, hematologial and serum biochemical test. However, Silymarin comparatively more efficiently ameliorate the effects induced by AFB1 than choline chloride.

EVALUATION OF HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN ALBINO RATS EXPOSED DERMALLY TO TANNERY EFFLUENT FROM CHALLAWA INDUSTRIAL ESTATE KANO, NIGERIA.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-376
Author(s):  
K. A. Bichi ◽  
B. B. Yusif ◽  
S. B. Mustapha ◽  
Y. U. Jibrin ◽  
P. S. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Standard Limit

The effects on haematological parameters of albino rats were evaluated to assess possible toxicity of tannery effluent. The study was carried out for 28 days. Forty (40) matured albino rats of both sexes were divided into four groups of 10 rats each. Group 1 is the control group, which were exposed dermally with normal water. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were exposed dermally at different concentrations of 100%, 50% and 25% of the effluent respectively. The result of the physicochemical analysis of the effluent shows that the physicochemical parameters were above the standard limit. Rats exposed to different percentages of the effluent showed significant decrease in the level of haemoglobin and packed cells volume. Red blood cell, white blood cell, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, platelet and lymphocytes do not significantly decrease or increase.

scholarly journals Studies on the Effect of Splenectomy on the Total Leukocyte Count in the Albino Rat

Blood ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. PALMER ◽  
ILEEN KEMP ◽  
G. E. CARTWRIGHT ◽  
M. M. WINTROBE
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Pteroylglutamic Acid ◽  
Effect Of Splenectomy ◽  
Leukocyte Response

Abstract 1. Following splenectomy in the albino rat, the total leukocyte count increased approximately 100 per cent in seven days, and remained significantly elevated for seventy to ninety days, after which time time leukocytes returned to normal levels. This increase in circulating leukocytes was due to an increase in both neutrophils and mononuclear cells. Partial omentectomy and unilateral nephrectomy produced increases of less magnitude and much shorter duration than those which followed splenectomy. 2. Removal of as much as 75 per cent of the spleen resulted in a leukocyte increase resembling in magnitude and duration that of control operations. 3. When small portions (less than 10 per cent) of the spleen were transplanted to other sites, the leukocyte response also resembled that which followed the control operations. 4. When splenectomy was performed in one partner of parabiotic rats, no rise occurred in the leukocyte count of either animal. When the spleen of the second partner was then removed, a rise in the leukocyte count of both animals occurred. 5. When rats were made leukopenic by pteroylglutamic acid deficiency, no rise in the leukocytes in the peripheral blood occurred following splenectomy. 6. It is concluded that in the rat the spleen exerts an influence on the level of circulating leukocytes, and that the results of these experiments support but do not conclusively prove the hypothesis that this organ exerts this influence by controlling the rate of production and/or liberation of leukocytes in the bone marrow. These studies do not exclude the possibility that under certain circumstances the spleen may destroy white cells.

scholarly journals Effects of Datura Metel Leaves Extract on Blood Parameters and Lipid Profile Using Albino Rats as Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
F. O. Oyedeji ◽  
O. O. Ajewole ◽  
A. B. Fawehinmi
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin

Datura metel is commonly found locally and it is readily available to the people, consequently, it is abused and deliberately used as poison. The aim of this study is to ascertain the effect of Datural metel through blood parameters and lipid profile when consumed through food intake using albino rat model. The leaves were extracted with ethanol and the phytochemical parameters determined. Different concentration of the extract were mixed with rat food and the food were fed to albino rats placed in four groups of five. The blood and lipid profile of rats were picked from each group determined at the end of week 1,2 and 3. Rats from each group was sacrificed and the blood was collected through cardiac puncture which was later analyzed for blood parameters and lipid profile. The results obtained from the first set of rats did not show any significant effect on the blood parameters and lipid profile, but the results obtained from subsequent sacrificed rats showed gradual increase in the values of the rate of haemoglobin (HB) 6.7 – 10G/DL, Red blood cells (RBC) 3.82 – 4.43 x 106µl and mean cell volume (MCV) 52.36 – 69.98FL. The results obtained for mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) are irregular. There is gradual decrease in the results obtained for low density lipoproteins (LDL) 27.2 – 20.2 mg/dl and cholesterol 79 -71 mg/dl. This study suggests that the concentration of ethanolic extracts of Datura metel leaves have different active components that have diverse revamping effects on the blood parameters and lipid profile based on concentration of the extracts and duration of intake of the extract. This invariably portray that presence of Datura metel in food can enhance the quality of the food in the body and also maintain good cardiovascular wellbeing based on its concentration and timeline of consumption.

scholarly journals Thermoregulation and Haematological Responses to Induced Acute Haemorrhage in Adult Nubian Goats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Selma E. Abdalla ◽  
Abdalla M. Abdelatif ◽  
Shadia A. Omer
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Veterinary Haematology ◽  
Acute Haemorrhage

Background and Objectives: Acute haemorrhage is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in surgery and trauma due to ischaemic lesions followed by multiple organ dysfunction. After haemorrhage, compensatory redistribution of blood volume may occur to more vital and survival organs. The objective of the study was evaluation of thermoregulation and haematological responses to acute haemorrhage in Nubian goats. Materials and Methods: The study used 6 female mature goats, weighing 18.0 kg on average. The goats were subjected to 40% bleeding. The rectal temperature (Tr), respiration rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) were monitored before bleeding and then immediately after bleeding and at 1,2,3,4,5,6,24 hrs post-bleeding. Venous blood samples were collected before and then immediately after bleeding and at 6, 24, 48, 72 hrs post-bleeding. The haemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count(TLC), differential leukocyte count (DLC), serum total protein, albumin, and concentrations of sodium (Na) were determined. Results: The post-bleeding values of Tr, RR and HR were significantly higher compared to the pre-bleeding values. The post-bleeding values of PCV, Hb concentration, erythrocyte count and TLC were lower compared to prebleeding values. The ratios of lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils decreased, whereas the neutrophil ratio increased post-bleeding. The values of serum total protein, albumin and serum Na concentrations decreased post-bleeding. Conclusion: The studies indicate that the goat can be adopted as a valid research model in investigations of experimental haemorrhage. The findings have implications in the fields of veterinary haematology and surgery and comparative medicine.

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