scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding the phenotypes of osteoarthritis

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mobasheri ◽  
Simo Saarakkala ◽  
Mikko Finnilä ◽  
Morten A. Karsdal ◽  
Anne-Christine Bay-Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Clinical Phenotypes ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The People ◽  
Molecular Phenotypes

Recent research in the field of osteoarthritis (OA) has focused on understanding the underlying molecular and clinical phenotypes of the disease. This narrative review article focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the phenotypes of OA and proposes that the disease represents a diversity of clinical phenotypes that are underpinned by a number of molecular mechanisms, which may be shared by several phenotypes and targeted more specifically for therapeutic purposes. The clinical phenotypes of OA supposedly have different underlying etiologies and pathogenic pathways and they progress at different rates. Large OA population cohorts consist of a majority of patients whose disease progresses slowly and a minority of individuals whose disease may progress faster. The ability to identify the people with relatively rapidly progressing OA can transform clinical trials and enhance their efficiency. The identification, characterization, and classification of molecular phenotypes of rapidly progressing OA, which represent patients who may benefit most from intervention, could potentially serve as the basis for precision medicine for this disabling condition. Imaging and biochemical markers (biomarkers) are important diagnostic and research tools that can assist with this challenge.

Detection, evaluation, and management of iron-restricted erythropoiesis

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (23) ◽  
pp. 4754-4761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Tim Goodnough ◽  
Elizabeta Nemeth ◽  
Tomas Ganz
Keyword(s):  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Diagnostic Classification ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Detection Evaluation

AbstractProgress in our understanding of iron-restricted erythropoiesis has been made possible by important advances in defining the molecular mechanisms of iron homeostasis. The detection and diagnostic classification of iron-restricted erythropoiesis can be a challenging process for the clinician. Newer assays for markers of inflammation may allow more targeted management of the anemia in these conditions. The availability of new intravenous iron preparations provides new options for the treatment of iron-restricted erythropoiesis. This review summarizes recent advances regarding the detection, evaluation, and management of iron-restricted erythropoiesis.

scholarly journals Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Bladder: Recent Advances

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jim Hsu ◽  
Jae Y. Ro
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma ◽  
Micropapillary Carcinoma ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Bladder

The 2016 WHO classification of tumors of the urothelial tract recently revised the classification of invasive urothelial carcinoma to include nested, microcystic, micropapillary, plasmacytoid, sarcomatoid, giant cell, and poorly differentiated variants, among others. In particular, invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is now recognized as a distinct entity with aggressive features, including higher-stage disease, invasive features, and poorer response to intravesical chemotherapy. In this review, we highlight recent studies that further characterize the histopathology, immunohistochemistry, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications of a diagnosis of IMPC. Because the correct morphologic diagnosis of IMPC is critical in terms of clinical management, we explore the diagnostic criteria of IMPC and differential diagnosis of urothelial IMPC from non-urothelial sites, highlighting studies that examine both traditional urothelial immunohistochemical markers as well as novel markers. We highlight recent advances in the molecular sub-categorization of IMPC, and review the differences compared to other forms of urothelial carcinoma. Optimal management of patients with IMPC is still unclear, although early cystectomy, regardless of pathologic stages, is recommended. We also highlight several studies that address the clinical challenges as well as current treatment protocols for IMPC.

Main Economic Characteristics of the People of Pakistan: Sixth Release From the 1961 Census (Review Article )

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-331
Author(s):  
Khurshid Haroon ◽  
Yasmin Azra Jan
Keyword(s):  
Development Economics ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
The Third ◽  
Census Enumeration ◽  
The People ◽  
Detailed Classification

This review of Census Bulletin No. J1 from the 1961 Census of Pakistan is fifth in a series2 of review articles on the census publications prepared by or under the auspices of the Demographic Section of the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics. The Bulletin is an interim report on the economic characteristics of the population of Pakistan. It was published in the second week of March, and released in the third week of May 1963. Thus, the information became available to planners, researchers and administrators 27 months and 3 weeks after the completion of census enumeration in January 1961. There is a two-page introduction giving the method and questions through which the data on economic characteristics were obtained. It also promises more data on economic aspects in the main census reports still to be issued. Detailed classification of the nonagricultural labour-force by industry and occupation will be given in separate volumes sometime in 1964.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds for the Management of Hypertriglyceridemia: Evidence From Clinical Trials and Putative Action Targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Schiano ◽  
Giuseppe Annunziata ◽  
Roberto Ciampaglia ◽  
Fortuna Iannuzzo ◽  
Maria Maisto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alternative Approaches

Hypertriglyceridemia refers to the presence of elevated concentrations of triglycerides (TG) in the bloodstream (TG >200 mg/dL). This lipid alteration is known to be associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, contributing overall to the onset of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Guidelines for the management of hypertriglyceridemia are based on both lifestyle intervention and pharmacological treatment, but poor adherence, medication-related costs and side effects can limit the success of these interventions. For this reason, the search for natural alternative approaches to reduce plasma TG levels currently represents a hot research field. This review article summarizes the most relevant clinical trials reporting the TG-reducing effect of different food-derived bioactive compounds. Furthermore, based on the evidence obtained from in vitro studies, we provide a description and classification of putative targets of action through which several bioactive compounds can exert a TG-lowering effect. Future research may lead to investigations of the efficacy of novel nutraceutical formulations consisting in a combination of bioactive compounds which contribute to the management of plasma TG levels through different action targets.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Role and Mechanisms of Chronic Inflammation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Hermouet ◽  
Edith Bigot-Corbel ◽  
Betty Gardie
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Heterogeneous Group ◽  
Genetic Defects ◽  
Jak Inhibitor ◽  
Recent Advances

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a heterogeneous group of clonal diseases characterized by the excessive and chronic production of mature cells from one or several of the myeloid lineages. Recent advances in the biology of MPNs have greatly facilitated their molecular diagnosis since most patients present with mutation(s) in theJAK2, MPL,orCALRgenes. Yet the roles played by these mutations in the pathogenesis and main complications of the different subtypes of MPNs are not fully elucidated. Importantly, chronic inflammation has long been associated with MPN disease and some of the symptoms and complications can be linked to inflammation. Moreover, the JAK inhibitor clinical trials showed that the reduction of symptoms linked to inflammation was beneficial to patients even in the absence of significant decrease in theJAK2-V617F mutant load. These observations suggested that part of the inflammation observed in patients withJAK2-mutated MPNs may not be the consequence ofJAK2mutation. The aim of this paper is to review the different aspects of inflammation in MPNs, the molecular mechanisms involved, the role of specific genetic defects, and the evidence that increased production of certain cytokines depends or not on MPN-associated mutations, and to discuss possible nongenetic causes of inflammation.

Major drugs used in COVID-19 treatment: molecular mechanisms, validation and current progress in trials

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Asaduzzaman Khan ◽  
Shad Bin Islam ◽  
Mejbah Uddin Rakib ◽  
Didarul Alam ◽  
Md. Munnaf Hossen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Press Release ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Present World

Background: Currently, the present world is facing a new deadly challenge against a pandemic disease called COVID-19, which is caused by a coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2. To date, there is no drug or vaccine that can treat COVID-19 completely, but some drugs have been used primarily, and they are in different stages of clinical trials. This review article discussed and compared those drugs which are running ahead in COVID-19 treatments. Methods: We have explored PUBMED, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE, as well as press release of WHO, NIH and FDA for articles about COVID-19, and reviewed them. Results: Drugs like favipiravir, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, ivermectin, corticosteroids and interferons have been found effective in some extents, and partially approved by FDA and WHO to treat COVID-19 at different phases of pandemic. However, some of these drugs have been disapproved later, although clinical trials are going on. In parallel, plasma therapy has been found fruitful in some extents too, and a number of vaccine trails are going on. Conclusions: This review article discussed the epidemiologic and mechanistic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, and how drugs could act on this virus with the comparative discussion on progress and backwards of major drugs used till date, which might be beneficial for choosing therapies against COVID-19 in different countries.

Mechanisms of neurulation: traditional viewpoint and recent advances

Development ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Schoenwolf ◽  
J.L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cell Shape ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Neuroepithelial Cell ◽  
Morphogenetic Movements ◽  
Cell Behaviors ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Shape Changes

In this review article, the traditional viewpoint of how neurulation occurs is evaluated in light of recent advances. This has led to the formulation of the following fundamentals: (1) neurulation, specifically neural plate shaping and bending, is a multifactorial process resulting from forces both intrinsic and extrinsic to the neural plate; (2) neurulation is driven by both changes in neuroepithelial cell shape and other form-shaping events; and (3) forces for cell shape changes are generated by both the cytoskeleton and other factors. Several cell behaviors within the neural plate have been elucidated. Future challenges include identifying cell behaviors within non-neuroepithelial tissues, determining how intrinsic and extrinsic cell behaviors are orchestrated into coordinated morphogenetic movements and elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying such behaviors.

Effectiveness of Azithromycin as add-on Therapy in COVID-19 Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadma Wahab ◽  
Md Faruque Ahmad ◽  
Arshad Hussain ◽  
Shazia Usmani ◽  
Ambreen Shoaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
The People ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Social Gathering

: As winter is knocking the door, the risk of respiratory tract infection is increasing at present scenario due to no prophylaxis of Covid-19. So, no one is safe until everyone is safe. Worldwide researchers are looking for the vaccine to remove the need for social distancing, mask-wearing and social gathering. A vaccine is like many other outcomes if the vaccine would be available; we cannot say about the effectiveness of the vaccine. Several drugs are testing to save the people life from pandemic; azithromycin is one of them. This work is a review article with the updated findings of azithromycin in the context of COVID-19. The option of azithromycin with regards to COVID-19 is justified by its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-fibrotic effects and their pharmacokinetic properties, leading to effective concentrations in the target tissue. Azithromycin tends to be an effective candidate for SARS-CoV-2 replication inhibition that block the initial stage of the viral life cycle. Clinical trials at a preliminary scale and final stage show the significant results of azithromycin in supportive care therapy. Azithromycin was an early candidate for the medication of Covid-19 with or without hydroxychloroquine. It is exercised mostly as an outpatient antibiotic in COVID-19. In summing-up, any primary anti-viral and antibiotic treatment is not the only possibility of fighting COVID-19 pharmacologically. It will be an injustice with them who require broader spectrum antibiotic if we do not exercise azithromycin to them. So significant research priority is needed to determine whether azithromycin is useful in the treatment of COVID-19.

Life Lessons of the Pandemic ”Covid - 19”

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 469-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagyashri Vijay Chaudhari ◽  
Priya P. Chawle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Strange Situation ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
The People ◽  
Life Lessons

“A lesson learned the hard way is a lesson learned for a lifetime.” Every bad situation hurts; however, it sure does teach us something a lesson. In the same manner of a new lesson for Human lifetime, history is observing 'The Novel COVID-19 ’, a very horrible and strange situation created due to fighting with a microscopic enemy. WHO on 11 February 2020 has announced a name for new disease as - 19 and has declared as a global public health emergency and subsequently as pandemic because of its widespread. This began as an outbreak in December 2019, with its in Wuhan, the People Republic of China has emerged as a public health emergency of international concern. is the group of a virus with non-segmented, single-stranded and positive RNA genome. This bad situation of pandemic creates new scenes in the life of people in a different manner, which will be going to be life lessons for them. Such lessons should be kept in mind for the safety of living beings and many more things. In this narrative review article, reference was taken from a different article published in various databases which include the view of different authors and writers on the "Lessons to be from Corona".

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