scholarly journals Fatty acids from diet and microbiota regulate energy metabolism

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Alcock ◽  
Henry C. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Metabolic Endotoxemia

A high-fat diet and elevated levels of free fatty acids are known risk factors for metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and visceral obesity. Although these disease associations are well established, it is unclear how different dietary fats change the risk of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Here, we review emerging evidence that insulin resistance and fat storage are linked to changes in the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function, in turn, are highly influenced by the composition of fat in the diet. We review findings that certain fats (for example, long-chain saturated fatty acids) are associated with dysbiosis, impairment of intestinal barrier function, and metabolic endotoxemia. In contrast, other fatty acids, including short-chain and certain unsaturated fatty acids, protect against dysbiosis and impairment of barrier function caused by other dietary fats. These fats may promote insulin sensitivity by inhibiting metabolic endotoxemia and dysbiosis-driven inflammation. During dysbiosis, the modulation of metabolism by diet and microbiota may represent an adaptive process that compensates for the increased fuel demands of an activated immune system.

scholarly journals TLR4 at the Crossroads of Nutrients, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolic Inflammation

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Licio A. Velloso ◽  
Franco Folli ◽  
Mario J. Saad
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Metabolic Inflammation

Abstract Obesity is accompanied by the activation of low-grade inflammatory activity in metabolically relevant tissues. Studies have shown that obesity-associated insulin resistance results from the inflammatory targeting and inhibition of key proteins of the insulin-signaling pathway. At least three apparently distinct mechanisms–endoplasmic reticulum stress, toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 activation, and changes in gut microbiota–have been identified as triggers of obesity-associated metabolic inflammation; thus, they are expected to represent potential targets for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. Here, we review the data that place TLR4 in the center of the events that connect the consumption of dietary fats with metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance. Changes in the gut microbiota can lead to reduced integrity of the intestinal barrier, leading to increased leakage of lipopolysaccharides and fatty acids, which can act upon TLR4 to activate systemic inflammation. Fatty acids can also trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress, which can be further stimulated by cross talk with active TLR4. Thus, the current data support a connection among the three main triggers of metabolic inflammation, and TLR4 emerges as a link among all of these mechanisms.

Modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function during alleviation of antibiotic-associated diarrhea with Rhizoma Zingiber officinale (Ginger) extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 10839-10851
Author(s):  
Zhi-jie Ma ◽  
Huan-jun Wang ◽  
Xiao-jing Ma ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Hong-jun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea

Ginger extract showed beneficial effects on rats with antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and the underlying mechanism might be associated with the recovery of gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Fibres on Acute Indomethacin-Induced Intestinal Hyperpermeability in the Elderly: A Randomised Placebo Controlled Parallel Clinical Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1954
Author(s):  
John-Peter Ganda Mall ◽  
Frida Fart ◽  
Julia A. Sabet ◽  
Carl Mårten Lindqvist ◽  
Ragnhild Nestestog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Dietary Fibres ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The effect of dietary fibres on intestinal barrier function has not been well studied, especially in the elderly. We aimed to investigate the potential of the dietary fibres oat β-glucan and wheat arabinoxylan to strengthen the intestinal barrier function and counteract acute non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (indomethacin)-induced hyperpermeability in the elderly. A general population of elderly subjects (≥65 years, n = 49) was randomised to a daily supplementation (12g/day) of oat β-glucan, arabinoxylan or placebo (maltodextrin) for six weeks. The primary outcome was change in acute indomethacin-induced intestinal permeability from baseline, assessed by an in vivo multi-sugar permeability test. Secondary outcomes were changes from baseline in: gut microbiota composition, systemic inflammatory status and self-reported health. Despite a majority of the study population (85%) showing a habitual fibre intake below the recommendation, no significant effects on acute indomethacin-induced intestinal hyperpermeability in vivo or gut microbiota composition were observed after six weeks intervention with either dietary fibre, compared to placebo.

scholarly journals Icariin enhances intestinal barrier function by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathways and modulating gut microbiota in a piglet model

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (65) ◽  
pp. 37947-37956
Author(s):  
Wen Xiong ◽  
Haoyue Ma ◽  
Zhu Zhang ◽  
Meilan Jin ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

This study investigated the effects of icariin on intestinal barrier function and its underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Insights Into a Possible Influence on Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier Function During Chronic Exposure of Mice to Imazalil

2017 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuiyuan Jin ◽  
Jizhou Xia ◽  
Sisheng Wu ◽  
Wenqing Tu ◽  
Zihong Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function

scholarly journals Chlorogenic Acid-Induced Gut Microbiota Improves Metabolic Endotoxemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Ye ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Jiajin Hu ◽  
Yanyan Gao ◽  
Yanan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Metabolic Endotoxemia

BackgroundCoffee can regulate glucose homeostasis but the underlying mechanism is unclear. This study investigated the preventive and therapeutic effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenol that is found in coffee, on obesity and obesity-related metabolic endotoxemia.MethodMale 4-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed either normal chow or a high-fat diet or 20 weeks and half the mice in each group were gavaged with CGA. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) and insulin tolerance tests (ITTs) were performed. Markers of inflammation and intestinal barrier function were assayed. The composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput pyrosequencing. The role of CGA-altered microbiota in metabolic endotoxemia was verified by fecal microbiota transplantation.ResultsCGA protected against HFD-induced weight gain, decreased the relative weight of subcutaneous and visceral adipose, improved intestinal barrier integrity, and prevented glucose metabolic disorders and endotoxemia (P <0.05). CGA significantly changed the composition of the gut microbiota and increased the abundance of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producers (e.g., Dubosiella, Romboutsia, Mucispirillum, and Faecalibaculum) and Akkermansia, which can protect the intestinal barrier. In addition, mice with the CGA-altered microbiota had decreased body weight and fat content and inhibited metabolic endotoxemia.ConclusionCGA-induced changes in the gut microbiota played an important role in the inhibition of metabolic endotoxemia in HFD-fed mice.

scholarly journals Effect of Post-Exercise Sauna Bathing on Targeted Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier Function in Healthy Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Karolkiewicz ◽  
David C. Nieman ◽  
Tomasz Cisoń ◽  
Joanna Szurkowska ◽  
Mirosława Gałęcka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Stool Sample ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Abstract Background: Body temperature fluctuations induced by acute exercise bouts may also influence the intestinal barrier with related effects on epithelial permeability, immune responses, and release of metabolites produced by the gut microbiota.To evaluate the combined influence of 4-weeks exercise training and post-exercise sauna treatments on gut bacteria and fungi, inflammation, and intestinal barrier function. Methods: Randomized, parallel group design with pre- and post-study measurements.Fifteen (15) untrained males aged 22±1.5 years were randomly assigned to exercise training (ET) with or without post-exercise sauna treatments (S). Participants in the group ET+S (n=8) exercised 60 minutes, 3 times per week, on a bicycle ergometer followed by a 30-minute dry Finish sauna treatment. The control group (ET, n=7) engaged in the same exercise training program without the sauna treatments. Blood and stool samples were collected before and after the 4-week training program. Blood samples were analysed for the concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and complete blood counts. Stool samples were analysed for pH, quantitative and qualitative measures of targeted bacteria and fungi, zonulin, and secretory immunoglobulin A. Group comparisons showed no significant differences for blood and stool sample measurements during the 4-week study.Results: Group comparisons showed no significant differences for blood and stool sample measurements during the 4-week study.Conclusions: The combination of 4-weeks exercise training and post-exercise sauna treatments did not have a measurable influence on targeted gut microbiota, intestinal barrier function, and inflammation biomarkers in young males compared to exercise training alone.

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