scholarly journals Protocol for systematic review of ethical declarations made in clinical publications concerning COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia O'Sullivan ◽  
Ronan P. Killeen ◽  
Peter Doran ◽  
Rachel K. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Short Timeframe ◽  
Made In

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a coronavirus, designated SARS-CoV-2, which is responsible for a global pandemic in 2020. Public interest in this disease has led to the publication of thousands of articles in the medical literature in a very short timeframe. It is imperative that medical research into COVID-19 is conducted quickly and safely, and that due reference is given to the ethical considerations enshrined in the ICH GCP guidelines, according to the Declaration of Helsinki. In order to review the reporting of ethical considerations in these papers, we hereby propose a protocol for a systematic review of COVID-19 papers up to April 14th 2020. The search criteria proposed for the review are based upon what would be a reasonable search conducted by a lay member of the public with access to PubMed.gov. It is proposed to publish the findings of the review with a summary of the institutional Research Ethics Committee response to the challenges of reviewing and approving clinical research proposals in the time of a pandemic.

scholarly journals Ethical Considerations for safeguarding human participants in pandemic research: a rapid review protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Lydia O'Sullivan ◽  
Ronan P. Killeen ◽  
Peter Doran ◽  
Rachel K. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Short Timeframe

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a coronavirus, designated SARS-CoV-2, which is responsible for a global pandemic in 2020. Public interest in this disease has led to the publication of thousands of articles in the medical literature in a very short timeframe. It is imperative that medical research into COVID-19 is conducted quickly and safely, and that due reference is given to the ethical considerations enshrined in the ICH GCP guidelines, according to the Declaration of Helsinki. In order to review the reporting of ethical considerations in these papers, we hereby propose a protocol for a systematic review of COVID-19 papers up to April 14 th 2020. The search criteria proposed for the review are based upon what would be a reasonable search conducted by a lay member of the public with access to PubMed.gov. Institutional Research Ethics Committees (RECs) face significant challenges in providing thorough and timely ethical review during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is proposed to publish the findings of this rapid review along with a summary of an institutional REC response to the challenges of reviewing and approving clinical research proposals in the time of a pandemic.

Killing ‘Gnats with a Sledgehammer’? Case Study: Fairness Doctrine and a Broadcast License Denial

1991 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy W. Gleason
Keyword(s):  
First Amendment ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Washington State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Made In ◽  
Fairness Doctrine

Each year since the FCC rescinded the Fairness Doctrine in 1987, efforts have been made in Congress to restore it. This indepth look at the denial of a license to Washington state religious station KAYE, which broadcast very strong conservative views, attempts to balance the public interest in diversity with concerns about fairness. This study demonstrates how citizen “watchdog” groups used the Fairness Doctrine to rid the airwaves of a broadcaster and highlights inherent conflicts in First Amendment theory.

scholarly journals Access to legal records by children leaving State care: The experience of young people in NSW

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke Greenwood ◽  
Julia Mansour ◽  
Celia Winnett
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
New South ◽  
Community Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Past Wrongs ◽  
Children In Care ◽  
Made In

For those who have been in the care of the State as children, access to records can be critical to securing justice and redress for past wrongs. This article outlines the arguments made in recent litigation undertaken by the Public Interest Advocacy Centre (PIAC) on behalf of young people who requested access to legal audits conducted on their files by the New South Wales (NSW) Department of Family and Community Services (FACS). It documents the policy change that was achieved as a result of the litigation and makes recommendations for further reform to better realise the rights of children in care to access their records.

scholarly journals Eliminating a Barrier to Access: Waiving or Reducing Fees for Public Records in Florida

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Virginia Hamrick
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Public Records ◽  
The Public ◽  
Special Service ◽  
Right Of Access ◽  
Affect State ◽  
Made In

Florida, the Sunshine State, is one of the few states that includes a right of access to public records in its constitution. While Florida guarantees a right of access to every person, special service charges and high costs for public records restrict access to only requestors with the financial resources to pay for requests. Some agencies assert that waiving fees for requests that have a public interest would be significantly costly. This article builds on research showing that a fee waiver for requests made in the public interest would have minimal effect on Florida municipalities. This article analyzes agency public records logs to assess how a fee waiver for requests made for noncommercial purposes and in the public interest would affect state agencies. This article finds that only 14% of requests reviewed would be entitled to a fee waiver.

Hormesis, ethics, and public policy: an overview

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 659-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Made In

This article synthesizes the major points made in the preceding essays on the topic of “Hormesis and Ethics.” The questions and concerns raised in these essays are organized into three general categories: (1) scientific issues, (2) practical concerns, and (3) “explicitly ethical” considerations. The present article concludes with several suggestions. First, researchers would do well to address scientific concerns about the generalizability of hormesis. Second, it would be helpful to gather further information about the frequency that hormetic effects are beneficial for organisms over the long term. Third, more information is needed about the toxic exposures that the public is already receiving and about the potential synergistic effects of those exposures. Fourth, further reflection is warranted about whether regulations should, on one hand, maximize the ratio of benefits to risks for the population as a whole or, on the other hand, protect individuals from health risks to which they do not consent and for which they cannot easily be compensated.

How Economic Decisions Are Made in Public vs. Private Sectors

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Galli
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public Sectors ◽  
Made In

This article describes how economic decisions are made differ from the public and private sectors. Both cater their decisions to the needs of the public but the context and the purpose behind the decisions differ. The primary purpose of article is to evaluate and compare the most common and effective methods of decision making used in private or public sectors. This article used a traditional systematic review of current literature in the field in order to perform the purpose of the study. It was found that although both sectors will make similar decisions, the sectors would utilize different methods to achieve economic decisions, primarily because both are affected by diverse factors. While private sector decisions may be hindered by government regulation, the public-sector faces challenges with financing a project and politics. This paper concludes that all the methods the private and public sectors utilize, including those in common, are viewed differently, and therefore their economic decision-making is not one in the same. Therefore, the method used to make the decision is dependent on the context of the decisions being made and also several other factors (operational, culture, regulatory) that depend on the type of sector (public or private).

Whistleblowing in Kuwait and UK against corruption and misconduct

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1020-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Al-Haidar
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Private Enterprise ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Government Agency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

Purpose This paper aims to explore the nature and the scope of whistleblowing in Kuwait and in the UK. Whistleblowing is when a person, usually an employee, in a government agency or private enterprise, discloses information to the public or to those in authority, of mismanagement, corruption or other wrongdoing. Due to the unpredictable consequences of whistleblowing, it is probable that many employees who witness wrongdoing do not consider blowing the whistle, because they fear the impact of such action on their relationship with their employers. Design/methodology/approach The author evaluated the whistleblowing systems in different countries. He first tackled the nature of whistleblowing in general, proceeded to analyse whistleblowing in Kuwait with mentions from other countries and finally evaluated the whistleblowing process in the UK. Findings The whistleblowing situation in the UK is clearer than that in Kuwait. Recent improvements have been made in the UK to protect whistleblowers. In the UK, the whistleblowing law under the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 came into force in July 1999 to protect whistleblowers. Kuwait also has had some improvements, which were seen to offer legal protection for those raising concerns about corruption under Law no. 24 of 2012. However, the author recommends that the Kuwaiti Government should give more protection to whistleblowers, and there is a need to protect the whistleblowers. Originality/value Potential whistleblowers might feel discouraged from disclosing information against their organisation, fearing a backlash against them. This is where the law and the rights of employees must be clarified. This paper will, therefore, evaluate the system of whistleblowing in the UK under the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 and examine this against the whistleblowing law in Kuwait under the Whistleblowing Act no. 24 of 2012.

scholarly journals La precariedad en su voluntariedad : las sociedades de socorros mutuos en el primer liberalismo a propósito de los montepíos de abogados

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Tormo Camallonga
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Corporate Values ◽  
Mutual Assistance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Corporate Body ◽  
Made In

El reglamento del Montepío del Colegio de Abogados de Valencia de 1825 nadará entre el proteccionismo corporativista del Antiguo Régimen y el pragmatismo economicista de la Ilustración, para adaptarse, más tarde, al individualismo y el mercantilismo del Liberalismo. El trato hacia viudas y huérfanos no podía ser el mismo, lo que exigía un cambio de actitud disconforme con el sentir de muchos abogados. Y aunque la reforma de las mutualidades es paralela a la de gremios y colegios profesionales, el trato dispensado por la Administración será distinto, pues diferente era el interés del Estado en unas y otras corporaciones. Frente a los beneficios económicos privativos, el interés público por regular una profesión, la abogacía y, por extensión, el mundo del Derecho, llamado a dirigir la transformación política del sistema.The regulation of the widows’ and orphans’ fund of the bar of Valencia in 1825 was characterised both by corporate values of the Old Regime and the economic pragmatism of the Illustration; it later adapted to the individualism and commercialism of burgeoning liberalism. With regard to the treatment of widows and orphans, an adjustment was made in the light of the new liberal mentality. The subsequent reform of the mutual assistance societies was parallel to the changes that took place at trade unions and professional collegiate bodies. However, the administration treated the orphans’ and widows’ funds differently, as there were different interests at stake in each corporate body. There was competition between the exclusive interests of their individual members and the public interest to regulate a profession; the legal profession called for a direct political transformation of the system.

scholarly journals PENGALIHAN HAK MEREK MELALUI WAKAF BERDASARKAN HUKUM POSITIF INDONESIA DAN PRINSIP SYARIAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-351
Author(s):  
Fasya Yustisia ◽  
Catharina Ria Budiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Geographical Indication ◽  
License Agreement ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Law ◽  
Important Note ◽  
Religious Considerations ◽  
Living Being ◽  
Made In

This article discusses the utilization of the Islamic institution of wakaf (an Islamic institution) to transfer ownership or right to use of trademark. The issue at hand is that method of trademark transfer is found regulated by Law No. 20 of 2016 re. Trademark and Geographical Indication whilst procedure and conditions of wakaf is regulated by Islamic/Syariah Law (Law No. 41 of 2004). The author notes that wakaf, understood as transfer of (ownership or proprietorship) of Trademarks, is or should be motivated by religious considerations or made in the public interest. Therefore, transfer done through wakaf will always be made in perpetuity.  Nonetheless, the Law no. 41 of 2004 re. wakaf make possible temporary transfer of ownership which may be performed by a license agreement, transferring only right to use the trademark but not the ownership (title) thereof. Another important note to be highlighted is that Islamic law prohibits or considers not appropriate (not halal) trademark of living being or non-kosher products (goods or services).

scholarly journals Przyszłość form konsensualnych w postępowaniu administracyjnym

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-73
Author(s):  
Joanna Wegner
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Returning To Work ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Administrative Proceedings ◽  
Made In

The article presents the institution of an administrative agreement from the perspec-tive of legal solutions in force in selected European countries. The increase in the number and diversity of tasks performed by the administration and the multitude of conducted proceedings encourage the search for alternative forms of settling a case in relation to an administrative decision. The administrative agreement is one of them. The analysis of foreign regulations confirms that the institution in question belongs to the modern procedural laws. The scope of regulation varies, as do the individual solutions concerning the admissibility and mode of concluding the contract, its subject matter, the mechanisms for removing defects, the grounds for contestability of the contract and its enforceability. It turns out that in individual European orders two patterns of regulation dominate: French and German, although they are subject to significant modifications. The performance of certain public tasks by private parties on the basis of an administrative agreement provides for certain guarantees not only for the parties to the agreement but also for the beneficiaries of those tasks. This particular type of contract allows adequate protection of the public interest. The prevalence of the administrative agreement in Europe prompts the author to formulate a conclusion on the need to include this institution in the home system. The attempt made in the 2017 reform of the Administrative Procedure Code to include in it an administrative agreement was unsuccessful. The provisions on an administrative agreement that were then drafted were intended to give a deeper meaning to mediation, a new institution in administrative proceedings, which is currently not popular. Mediation was to precede the conclusion of an administrative agreement. However, there are no significant obstacles to returning to work on the regulation of this institution, which is so widely used in other European countries, and which is clearly lacking in its home Code

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