scholarly journals Ethical Anguish, Ethical Conflict and Ethical Choice: An Exploration of Futon from the Perspective of Ethical Literary Criticism

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Yang Jian

The transcendence of society and ethical dimension are often embodied in the Japanese I-Novel. The writers of the I-Novel are not outside society, actually their social care permeates their literary works in which the characters possess a strong ethical awareness within a deep, dignified, and sentimental ethical narrative wri ting strategy. Futon, an I-Novel masterpiece, contains many ethical implications from the perspective of Ethical Literary Criticism, such as the ethical anguish in love affairs which is caused by their ethical environment in the late Meiji. With violent conflicts between individual desire and social ethics, the common Japanese faced the crisis of emotion and belief and felt confused on ethical issues during that period. The ethical choices made by the hero and heroine in this novel had touched the moral bottom line of human being.

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-205
Author(s):  
Jon Paul Sydnor

Under which circumstances should Protestant Christians participate in the ritual of the religious other? And when should we invite the religious other to participate in our own rituals? These questions raise a host of theological and ethical issues. This chapter will analyse several cases of interreligious ritual participation from a variety of analytical perspectives. The discussion is of critical contemporary importance, as people of faith enter into situations of interreligious practice more frequently. Whether attending a roommate’s synagogue, a neighbour’s mosque, a relative’s church, or a coworker’s temple, opportunities to transgress ritual boundaries are numerous. At the same time, the permutations of the various interreligious situations severely complicate any analysis. Nevertheless, the interreligious decisions we make have spiritual implications for the individuals involved, sociological implications for their communities, and political implications for the broader society. Since the decisions are so consequential, we must make them with theological and ethical awareness. This chapter elucidates some theological and ethical implications of interreligious ritual participation. It concludes by offering guidelines for participation in the rituals of other religious traditions, while acknowledging that the variety of possible situations demands a contextual ethic.


Clinical Risk ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Dennis Cox

The Health and Social Care Bill proposes clinically led commissioning. The new Clinical Commissioning Groups will become statutory bodies and replace the old primary care trusts. This primary legislation will transfer accountability for health care spending to clinicians who will have a duty to meet the health needs of a population as well as balance a budget. This change gives rise to a number of ethical issues which are explored in this article.


Author(s):  
Aimee Milliken

Given the complexity of contemporary healthcare environments, it is vital that nurses are able to recognize and address ethical issues as they arise. Though dilemmas and challenging situations create the most obvious, dramatic risks to patients, routine nursing actions have implications for patients as well. Ethical awareness involves recognizing the ethical implications of all nursing actions. Developing ethical awareness is one way to empower nurses to act as moral agents in order to provide patients with safe and ethical care. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the concept of ethical awareness and the role it plays in patient care. Background information is provided; three everyday scenarios highlight the importance of ethical awareness in everyday nursing practice; followed by additional discussion; and strategies for heightening ethical awareness are suggested.


2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio G. Spagnolo ◽  
Viviana Daloiso

Il presente articolo intende inquadrare e definire le implicazioni etiche riguardanti l’applicazione biomedica delle nanotecnologie, attraverso la valutazione dello stato dell’arte. Le nanotecnologie, espressione dell’abilità umana di manipolare la materia su scala atomico/molecolare, si presentano come uno strumento in grado di modificare la ricerca scientifica e la medicina in maniera radicale. Dibattiti ad ogni livello hanno sottolineato la difficoltà di darne una definizione chiara ed univoca, a causa della convergenza di più ambiti del sapere in esse coinvolti. Nonostante le nanotecnologie siano già presenti nelle scienze computeristiche e nell’elettronica, è in ambito medico-sanitario che si prospettano le applicazioni più entusiasmanti: strumenti di diagnosi e somministrazione di farmaci meno invasivi e più efficaci. Queste tecnologie si presentano infatti allo stesso tempo come terapie ma anche come strumenti di prevenzione unici. Le stesse caratteristiche che rendono singolare l’impiego delle nanotecnologie in medicina, suggeriscono altresì precauzioni: da una parte infatti la di mensione piccolissima (atomico-molecolare) delle nanoparticelle facilita il loro ingresso nell’organismo umano, oltrepassando le difese naturali dell’organismo, agevolando una distribuzione dei farmaci altamente mirata. Dall’altra parte queste stesse caratteristiche posso rivelarsi dannose per l’organismo umano (interazione tra nanoparticelle e sistema biologico umano, elevato rapporto tra massa e superficie, mobilità). Poiché si tratta di tecnologie in rapida progressione i cui sviluppi non sono facili da predire, i rischi, anche solo quelli potenziali, devono essere accuratamente valutati sia per le applicazioni presenti sia per quelle future. Pertanto inquadrare le implicazioni bioetiche delle nanotecnologie significa comprendere e valutare il loro impatto sulla salute umana. ---------- The aim of this contribution is to outline and define some ethical implications concerning biomedical applications of nanotechnologies. Nanotechnology, expression of the human ability to manipulate matter on a molecular and atomic scale, provide an instrument able to change scientific research and medicine in a radical way. Debate at all levels have pointed out the common difficulty to give a clear and univocal definition of nanotechnologies, due to the convergence of technologies there involved. Although these technologies have already been implemented in electronics or computer science, the most useful ones are foreseen to be in new approaches for research purposes and medicine, providing diagnosis and drug delivery with no invasive methods involved. These technology, in fact, look like therapy but they also represent unique prevention tools. The very same characteristics that make nanomaterial useful in medicine, suggest some precaution: o one hand, thanks to their small size (atomic dimension) nanoparticles can enter cells in the organisms, avoiding natural defenses and move to organs and tissues allowing a target distribution of drugs. On the other hand, these technologies can turn to be harmful to humans (interaction between nanoparticles and the biological human system, high surface- to-mass relation, mobility). Because we are dealing with a rapidly developing technology, where most of the effects are still hard to foresee, potential risks must be considered for both current and future applications. So far, outlining ethical issues means understanding the impact of these technologies on human health.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Murphy ◽  
Erica Di Ruggiero ◽  
Ross Upshur ◽  
Donald J. Willison ◽  
Neha Malhotra ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has been described as the “fourth industrial revolution” with transformative and global implications, including in healthcare, public health, and global health. AI approaches hold promise for improving health systems worldwide, as well as individual and population health outcomes. While AI may have potential for advancing health equity within and between countries, we must consider the ethical implications of its deployment in order to mitigate its potential harms, particularly for the most vulnerable. This scoping review addresses the following question: What ethical issues have been identified in relation to AI in the field of health, including from a global health perspective? Methods Eight electronic databases were searched for peer reviewed and grey literature published before April 2018 using the concepts of health, ethics, and AI, and their related terms. Records were independently screened by two reviewers and were included if they reported on AI in relation to health and ethics and were written in the English language. Data was charted on a piloted data charting form, and a descriptive and thematic analysis was performed. Results Upon reviewing 12,722 articles, 103 met the predetermined inclusion criteria. The literature was primarily focused on the ethics of AI in health care, particularly on carer robots, diagnostics, and precision medicine, but was largely silent on ethics of AI in public and population health. The literature highlighted a number of common ethical concerns related to privacy, trust, accountability and responsibility, and bias. Largely missing from the literature was the ethics of AI in global health, particularly in the context of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Conclusions The ethical issues surrounding AI in the field of health are both vast and complex. While AI holds the potential to improve health and health systems, our analysis suggests that its introduction should be approached with cautious optimism. The dearth of literature on the ethics of AI within LMICs, as well as in public health, also points to a critical need for further research into the ethical implications of AI within both global and public health, to ensure that its development and implementation is ethical for everyone, everywhere.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Michael Weinhardt

While big data (BD) has been around for a while now, the social sciences have been comparatively cautious in its adoption for research purposes. This article briefly discusses the scope and variety of BD, and its research potential and ethical implications for the social sciences and sociology, which derive from these characteristics. For example, BD allows for the analysis of actual (online) behavior and the analysis of networks on a grand scale. The sheer volume and variety of data allow for the detection of rare patterns and behaviors that would otherwise go unnoticed. However, there are also a range of ethical issues of BD that need consideration. These entail, amongst others, the imperative for documentation and dissemination of methods, data, and results, the problems of anonymization and re-identification, and the questions surrounding the ability of stakeholders in big data research and institutionalized bodies to handle ethical issues. There are also grave risks involved in the (mis)use of BD, as it holds great value for companies, criminals, and state actors alike. The article concludes that BD holds great potential for the social sciences, but that there are still a range of practical and ethical issues that need addressing.


2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jarvis ◽  
J.E.L. Day ◽  
B. Reed

Animal science research is important in relation to our understanding of animals, their function and performance, and their relationships with their social and physical environments. Animal science research covers a wide range of disciplines and so can lead to the use of a variety of experimental techniques on animals for many different purposes. This has the potential to lead to a multitude of diverse ethical issues. Members of the British Society of Animal Science and authors of papers submitted to the Society for publication come from countries around the world and therefore are subject to differences in legislative requirements and recommendations regarding animal experimentation. These legal requirements, along with the ethical implications of the research must be fully considered before any experimental work is undertaken.


2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 504-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Eisenstein ◽  
David Naumann ◽  
Daniel Burns ◽  
Sarah Stapley ◽  
Heather Draper

Advances in medical capability should be accompanied by discussion of their ethical implications. In the military medical context there is a growing interest in developing prophylactic interventions that will mitigate the effects of trauma and improve survival. The ethics of this novel capability are currently unexplored. This paper describes the concept of trauma prophylaxis (Left Of Bang Interventions in Trauma) and outlines some of the ethical issues that need to be considered, including within concept development, research and implementation. Trauma prophylaxis can be divided into interventions that do not (type 1) and those that do (type 2) have medical enhancement as an unintended side effect of their prophylactic action. We conclude that type 1 interventions have much in common with established military medical prophylaxis, and the potentially enhancing qualities of type 2 interventions raise different issues. We welcome further debate on both interventions.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
Maricica Munteanu

The present article explores the collective imaginary of the cenacle, referring to the case of Viața românească literary group from Iași, focussing on the bodily community and its representations in the common space, understood as space-in-common. This approach shifts the interest from the ideological component that is the ‘poporanism’, as promoted by Viața românească revue, to the ethical and social aspects of the community. This does not mean that the bodily community is “more real” than the ideological community, or that it translates with fidelity the common practices of the cenacle; the bodily community is in fact another form of representation, a phantasm of the living-together, analysed through Roland Barthes’s theory as the space where solitude and sociability coexist. The corporal representations of the community, always engaged in an ethical debate, is further discussed through two manners of the living-together: the gesture and the rhythm. The theoretical reference of this analysis is Marielle Macéʼs book Styles. Critique de nos formes de vie, which proposes a formal approach of life, concentrating on the ethical implications. The issues derived from this sort of reading state the relation between the body and the environment, the vicinities and the somatic interactions between the members of the cenacle, the adjustment of distances, and the maintenance of solitude inside the community. The gestures, attitudes, behaviour, verbal and non-verbal tics, clothing, the manners of speech or the rhythm of doing certain things are seen not as marks of personal identity that positions itself inside the spaces of power, but as collective signs, as form of encounter and interaction, of exposure to the others but also responsiveness of the others, of expropriation as well as appropriation, of affirmation as well as alteration of the forms of life.


2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Hamdi Hameed Yousif

One of the post-modernist approaches to literary criticism is the queer criticism which has not been evaluated properly. Queer criticism can refer to any piece of literary criticism that interprets a text from a non-straight perspective. Therefore, it includes both lesbian and gay criticism. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to trace the social and political reasons behind the emergence of Queer criticism in the late twentieth century till it acquired momentum in the twenty-first century. After trying to define the terms related to the Queer criticism, the paper tries to examine the poetics of queer (gay and lesbian) literary works and to point out the main characteristic features of this critical approach by identifying the criteria and the textual evidence by which a literary work is labeled queer. It, also tries to shed light on the common features between queer criticism and feminism, on the one hand, and queer criticism and the deconstructuralist approach on the other hand. The final section of the study is a critique which points out the negative aspects of this approach.


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