Franchising instruments as a factor of tourism development in the Russian Federation

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Елена Ганебных ◽  
Elena Ganebnykh
Keyword(s):  
Tourist Industry ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
Tourism Services ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Franchise Networks

The paper studies the features of the development of the tourist industry in Russia focusing enfranchising in tourist services. The tourism services sector worldwide is undergoing big changes associated with the development of information technology and a general increase in competition. Today we can observe two opposite processes: on the one hand, tourism services are accessible from year to year by an increasing number of individuals, on the other hand, the tourists are moving away from the services of tour operators. There is a general expansion of the tourist market, increased competition, increased spending on marketing, there is a need for continuous updating, trade secrets and know-how are developing, while there is a decreasing the life cycle of the participants of the tourist market. All this creates the need to bring together organizations and the creation of cooperative relations in their various forms and types. The article considers the brief history of the development of tourist franchising in Russia, reflects the structure of franchising market of tourist services, the organizational structure of the franchise in the tourist industry, as well as the place of tourist services franchise in the general classification of the forms of franchising. The article discussed in detail the specifics of the type of franchise-related features of tourist businesses in Russia. Special attention is paid to the issue of pricing in the activities of tour operators, as well as its impact on the effective functioning of franchise networks. On the whole franchise is regarded as one of the most viable areas of diversification in the field of tour operator and travel agent services. The relevance of such issue raises due to the crisis in the Russian outbound tourism, the occurrence of which can lead to a significant reduction of professional participants of the tourist market, the reduction of employment in the sector, reducing tax receipts.

scholarly journals “Mother of the Faithful” and “Lion of Allah” in the Prophetic Tradition and Early History of the Caliphate or Why the Islamic Jama at Disintegrated?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
F. A. Asadullin
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Islamic Schools ◽  
Regional Conflicts ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
Early Islamic Period ◽  
Early Islamic

The problem of disintegration of the Islamic Ummah a long time ago became the one of the most important for the Islamic world and worldview. The wave of violence in the Near and Middle East sharpened some regional conflicts, which have already taken place before. The paper deals with the roots of this conflict atmosphere in the Early Islamic period. As the tradition affirms, the Prophet Muhammad predicted the Ummah to split in 73 sects. Today there exist in any case not less than 73 different Islamic schools, movements and organizations, which mutually and constantly contest their doctrinal authenticity. Moreover, the activity of quasi- Islamic extremist organisations like the ISIS, which is forbidden inside as well as outside the Russian Federation, is quite remarkable. All these factors demonstrate, that from the academic point of view it is actual to critically research the nature of fragmentation and disintegration of Islamic communities through the prism of prophetic legends. This paper is to consider as an attempt to resolve this multidimensional problem.

scholarly journals MODERNIZATION OF THE CONSTITUTION OF RUSSIA (TO THE RESULTS OF THE DISCUSSION IN CONNECTION WITH THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY)

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Vlasenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
Constitutional Construction

A quarter of a century has passed since the adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation by a national referendum. The jubilee gives a reason to talk about the optimality of constitutional provisions, their effectiveness, and somewhere practical expediency. The article aims to analyze the points of view expressed in this regard in the scientific press, newspaper periodicals and other media. However, the author first refers to the history of the emergence of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993. It is noted that the Basic Law, on the one hand, was a result of military-political compromise between supporters of the parliamentary vision of the future structure of the country and supporters of a strong presidential power, on the other hand, allowed ultimately abolish the Soviet system and traditions. The mentioned situation and the factor of haste and hurry could not but affect the content and technical and legal quality of the document. The author has reduced the opinions expressed on the issue of modernization of the Constitution of the Russian Federation to three main positions: 1) The Constitution has not exhausted its potential and there is no reason to change its text; 2) a full-fledged constitutional reform is required, the current Constitution has exhausted its potential; 3) there is a need for precise partial changes and additions that can improve the Constitution. The article argues that the last position of the so-called precise partial changes is the most productive and allows to make the constitutional document adequate and relevant. In this regard, it is proposed to hold several round tables at the initial stage on the development of concepts for improving the constitutional foundations. One of them, the author calls promising and offers to prepare a list of proposals for the removal of ideologically and actually not confirmed in practical life provisions. These are provisions about Legal State (excluding the principle of separation of state power), Welfare State, etc. Another concept that also needs to be developed is institutional (the concept of the legal status of public authorities, their powers, checks and balances, etc.). These ideas, the author believes, should be a compromise between scientists, then become public and be implemented in the practice of constitutional construction.

PRIMARY XANTHOMA TUBEROSUM IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Jack E. McCleary ◽  
Louis A. Brunsting ◽  
Roger L. J. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Angina Pectoris ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
History Of ◽  
Coronary Blood Vessels ◽  
The One

A brief classification of xanthomatoses is presented. In an attempt to remove some of the confusion contributed by the several different meanings for the term "hyperlipemia," the term "hyperneutralipemia" is introduced to indicate an elevation of the concentrations of neutral fat in the serum. The term "hyperlipemia" is retained to mean an elevation of values for any of the blood lipids. The term "primary xanthoma tuberosum" designates the classic idiopathic form of xanthoma tuberosum associated with hypercholesteremia and without hyperneutralipemia. The primary purpose of this paper is to review the outcome of 11 cases of primary xanthoma tuberosum in children seen at the Mayo Clinic. Five of the eleven are known to be dead from cardiovascular disease, and one other is presumed to be dead. In five of the six patients angina pectoris developed before death. Two patients who are still living have angina pectoris, one having suffered myocardial infarction. Necropsy of four patients showed atheromatous involvement of the coronary blood vessels to be a prominent finding. Three of the patients died before they reached the age of 15 years. Two of the patients were brother and sister. Of the remaining nine patients, four gave a family history of cardiac disease occurring in a close relative early in life and five patients had relatives with cutaneous xanthomas. In the one family studied, all five members had hypercholestenemia.

DIATOPIC AND DIACHRONIC VARIATION OF VERBAL FORMS (BY FRENCH MANUSCRIPTS OF THE XIII-XIV CENTURIES)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (99) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
ANNA Y. LUKINA
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
French Language ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The One

This article deals with a new diasystemic approach to studying the variation of verb forms in the history of the French language. The author describes two variations - diatopic and diachronic. The new diasystemic approach allows us to build a classification of the verb form variants taking into account the intra- and extralinguistic criteria: historical, geographical and stylistic. Horizontal and vertical studying of variation in verb forms (L. A. Stanova's method) helps to identify the main trends in the evolution of the French language, on the one hand, and the characteristic features inherent in one or another regional written tradition, script, on the other.

scholarly journals V.M. Bekhterev`s Pedagogical Institute for Social Breeding and Research of the Normal and Defective Child (1921-1925): Theoretical and Applied Value

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
E.A. Dolgova ◽  
D.A. Hivinova
Keyword(s):  
Educational Program ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Experimental Science ◽  
Central State ◽  
Pedagogical Institute ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One

In article is covered the history of one of interesting educational institutions of the beginning of the 1920th – Vladimir Bekhterev`s Pedagogical institute for social breeding and research of the normal and defective child acting as a part of Psychoneurological academy in 1921-1925. Addressing unpublished documentation from funds of the Central state archive of St. Petersburg, the State archive of the Russian Federation, authors reconstruct history of creation and feature of functioning of Institute, investigate its scientific educational program and possibilities of its realization in practice, characterize structure and dynamics of training of students, place emphasis on establishment of interrelation of Institute with other institutions and laboratories of Psychoneurological academy, providing his functioning infrastructure. Authors draw a conclusion that the Vladimir Bekhterev`s Pedagogical institute for social breeding and research of the normal and defective child became useful experience of coordination of theoretical researches and applied developments in field of experimental pedagogics of the 1920th. Classical psychoneurological theories, on the one hand, and the ideas of the doctrine of V.M. Bekhterev - reflexology (individual and collective) - with another have been the basis for an institution. The educational program offered as a result differed from existing at that time and assumed attention to a labor element of education and a priority of a practical training over theoretical. The last answered the essential tasks set for scientific community and it was demanded in the early twenties: the project has got public financing and support. Though the idea of Institute was impractical, it reflects a bright, contradictory and interesting era of experimental science in the 1920th.

Leonhard's Classification of Schizophrenia

1958 ◽  
Vol 104 (437) ◽  
pp. 943-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Fish
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Picture ◽  
History Of Psychiatry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Clinical Pictures ◽  
Preparatory Work

Jaspers (1946) has pointed out that in the history of psychiatry one can distinguish two main types of psychiatrist. On the one hand there is the describer who depicts a lively clear clinical picture and communicates it to the reader in everyday speech. On the other hand there is the analyst who dissects the clinical picture and tries to obtain clear concepts about the abnormal phenomena. The describer is always popular because little effort is required to understand his views and appreciate his clinical descriptions. However it is much more difficult to understand the analyst as this requires time-consuming preparatory work and an attempt to apply the analyst's views in practice. Thus anyone who wishes to understand the views of Kleist and Leonhard, who are the modern representatives of the great clinical analyst Carl Wernicke, has a difficult task. If therefore this present communication appears to disagree with other work recently published by the author (Fish, 1957b, 1958) then all that can be said in extenuation is that the analysis of clinical pictures is difficult and one can only achieve accuracy in this field by learning from mistakes.

scholarly journals Taxes and taxation. Tax system of the Russian Federation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Валентина Водопьянова ◽  
Valentina Vodop'yanova ◽  
Ольга Ворожбит ◽  
Ol'ga Vorozhbit
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Training Manual ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Detailed Classification ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
History Of Formation ◽  
Modern Condition

The training manual contains theoretical material on taxation of commercial enterprises and individuals. Reveals basic concepts of taxation, presents a detailed classification of taxes and levies in the Russian Federation, considers the history of formation and modern condition of the Russian tax system. The manual reflects the current regulatory framework under Russian tax legislation. Methodical apparatus of the textbook contains questions, tasks and cases that contribute to the consolidation of the material, focuses on the practical application of the knowledge. For students studying in the areas of "Economics", "Management", "commodity science", "Economics and management of the national economy".

Political parties of Russia in the socio-political discourse in the post-perestroika period (to the history of the issue)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
Svetlana Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Party System ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Meaningful Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One

The purpose of this article is to study the problem of the Russian specifics of partogenesis in modern socio-political discourse. Particular attention is paid to the formation and development of the party system in modern Russia. The presence of a meaningful relationship between the stage of the emergence of a multi-party system in the period of the Russian Empire, the post-revolutionary Soviet period when the one-party system was approved, and, finally, the modern multi-party system in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals La metodología comparatista en los estudios literarios

2019 ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Davide Mombelli
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Final Part ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

This article is a first essay of classification of the main terms and concepts related to the methodology of Comparative Literature. The material is organized in three different sections. In the first section we proceed to some brief terminological and conceptual preliminary clarifications about the Comparison and Comparative Literature as a discipline. The second part describes the first comparative operation, namely the one inherent to the delimitation of the objects to be compared. The third and final part deals with the mode of comparison in its different conceptual and terminological concretions. In our analysis we have taken into account the main manuals of Comparative Literature, as well as other theoretical works about the methodology, the theory or the history of the discipline.

The history of Russia in the assessments and interpretations of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin: an experience of holistic reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (03) ◽  
pp. 4-31
Author(s):  
Vardan Bagdasaryan ◽  
Sergey Resnianskiy
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Person ◽  
Russian History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
Vladimir Putin ◽  
Historical Issues

The article reconstructs the views and assessments of the President of Russia Vladimir Putin regarding the main stages, events and personalities of Russian history. The research is based on Putin’s public statements on historical issues as president and prime minister. The historical views of the first person of the state are correlated in the article, on the one hand, with the policy he implements, and on the other, with the development of Russian historiography.

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