scholarly journals Features of the formation of the personality of a minor offender

2022 ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Oxana Teregulova
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
A Minor

The interest in the problems of the personality of juvenile offenders is primarily explained by the number of offenses and crimes committed by minors. At the same time, particularly dangerous crimes take place in the structure of crimes, such as. Like murder, rape, robbery, vandalism and others. In this regard, special attention is required to study the personality of the offender, those features and properties that contribute to the commission of such crimes, as well as the nature of the interaction of this person with the micro and macro environment. The article analyzes the socio-psychological personality traits of a minor offender, regardless of the type of offense. Despite the differences in the motives and methods of committing various offenses, they are primarily characterized by 1) the antisocial orientation of the individual; 2) the resulting ability to a certain aggressive / illegal / criminal action in relation to a particular object; 3) the presence of an appropriate environmental situation.

scholarly journals Predicting the deviant behavior of juvenile offenders

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-229
Author(s):  
Elena Kirillova ◽  
Evgeniya Zueva
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prognostic Criteria ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Personal Questionnaire

Introduction. The relevance of the research problem is confirmed by statistics on juvenile delinquency, as well as by legal acts. The problem of predicting the deviant behavior of juvenile offenders is reviewed through description of static and dynamic risk factors for repeated offenses. One of the findings of the study is that it is the personal features that determine deviant behavior, whereas the situational factors play the role of modulators. A review of the literature sources allows us to conclude that personality traits are related to criminal behavior, which makes it possible to predict the deviant behavior of juvenile offenders. Aim of the study is to identify the personal characteristics that determine the deviant behavior of juvenile offenders. Methodology, methods and techniques. The methodological basis of the research is a dispositional approach to the study of personality, which assumes their readiness for a certain behavior, repeated in various situations, formed as a result of the interaction of objective and subjective factors. Research methods: The following methods were used to conduct the study: the personal questionnaire of G. Eysenck EPQ; the questionnaire of the level of aggressiveness of A. Bass and A. Darkee; the individual typological questionnaire of L. N. Sobchik (ITQ); the personal questionnaire «Mini-cartoon» (abbreviated version of MMPI) in the adaptation of F. B. Berezin and M. P. Miroshnikov; the Freiburg multifactorial personality questionnaire FPI (form B). Findings of the study: A comparative analysis of the individual psychological characteristics of juvenile offenders and participants of the control group with normative behavior showed multiple statistically significant differences in assessments for 36 variables out of 55 (65.5 %). Discriminant analysis allowed us to determine 8 common features of “deviance-law-abidance”: aggression, hostility, irritability, guilt, psychopathy, neuroticism, introversion, open attitude. They act as prognostic criteria for deviant behavior of adolescents and discriminate against subjects with a prediction accuracy of 97%. Scientific novelty of the research consists in enhancing and clarifying awareness of personality traits of deviant adolescents who have committed crimes, as well as predicting deviant behavior. Practical significance: The patterns and recommendations obtained can be useful in preventive, educational, correctional work, and family counseling. The identified personality traits of deviant behavior can be used as prognostic criteria for identifying deviations at the early stages of socialization of children and adolescents.

Personality change and environmental concerns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher James Hopwood ◽  
Ted Schwaba ◽  
Wiebke Bleidorn
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
German Population ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Sustainable Behavior ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

Personal concerns about climate change and the environment are a powerful motivator of sustainable behavior. People’s level of concern varies as a function of a variety of social and individual factors. Using data from 58,748 participants from a nationally representative German sample, we tested preregistered hypotheses about factors that impact concerns about the environment over time. We found that environmental concerns increased modestly from 2009-2017 in the German population. However, individuals in middle adulthood tended to be more concerned and showed more consistent increases in concern over time than younger or older people. Consistent with previous research, Big Five personality traits were correlated with environmental concerns. We present novel evidence that increases in concern were related to increases in the personality traits neuroticism and openness to experience. Indeed, changes in openness explained roughly 50% of the variance in changes in environmental concerns. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the individual level factors associated with changes in environmental concerns over time, towards the promotion of more sustainable behavior at the individual level.

scholarly journals Testing the Role of Emotion Dysregulation as a Predictor of Juvenile Recidivism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Kalin Z. Salinas ◽  
Amanda Venta
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Factor ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Individual

The current study proposed to determine whether adolescent emotion regulation is predictive of the amount and type of crime committed by adolescent juvenile offenders. Despite evidence in the literature linking emotion regulation to behaviour problems and aggression across the lifespan, there is no prior longitudinal research examining the predictive role of emotion regulation on adolescent recidivism, nor data regarding how emotion regulation relates to the occurrence of specific types of crimes. Our primary hypothesis was that poor emotion regulation would positively and significantly predict re-offending among adolescents. We tested our hypothesis within a binary logistic framework utilizing the Pathways to Desistance longitudinal data. Exploratory bivariate analyses were conducted regarding emotion regulation and type of crime in the service of future hypothesis generation. Though the findings did not indicate a statistically significant relation between emotion regulation and reoffending, exploratory findings suggest that some types of crime may be more linked to emotion regulation than others. In sum, the present study aimed to examine a hypothesized relation between emotion regulation and juvenile delinquency by identifying how the individual factor of dysregulated emotion regulation may have played a role. This study’s findings did not provide evidence that emotion regulation was a significant predictor of recidivism over time but did suggest that emotion regulation is related to participation in certain types of crime one year later. Directions for future research that build upon the current study were described. Indeed, identifying emotion regulation as a predictor of adolescent crime has the potential to enhance current crime prevention efforts and clinical treatments for juvenile offenders; this is based on the large amount of treatment literature, which documents that emotion regulation is malleable through treatment and prevention programming.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and their outcomes: how personality, place, and sex of people play a role in the psychology of COVID-19 beliefs

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Brito-Costa ◽  
Peter K Jonason ◽  
Michele Tosi ◽  
Rui Antunes ◽  
Sofia Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Religious People ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Facebook Advertising

Abstract Background There is considerable variation in people’s attitudes towards the COVID-19 pandemic. One way to understand why people differ in their attitudes is to examine how personality traits predict the degree to which people hold different attitudes. Methods We collected data (N = 1420) from Portugal and Spain using Facebook advertising. We measured the Dark Triad and Big Five traits, and negative affect, along with ad hoc items for religiousness, and attitudes towards and fear of COVID. Results Neuroticism and Negative affect was linked to various domains of insecurity or fear and provides insights into how personality predicts concerns and behaviors related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Religious people were less trusting in science, thought prayer was answer, and attributed the existence of the virus to an act of God. Women reported more fear of COVID-19 than men did, and this was enabled by women’s greater tendency to have Negative Affect and higher Neuroticism than men. Conclusions Neurotic people and those with more Negative Affect appear to be more fearful, more trusting in others and systems likely to protect them (e.g., scientists), and less likely to trust in systems shown to not help them (e.g., prayer). We found other effects for the Dark Triad traits and the Big Five traits. In total, we highlight some of the reasons that people may be in such disagreements about what to do about the virus at the individual and institutional levels. Personality, place, and participant’s sex all appear to play a role in the psychology of COVID-19 beliefs.

scholarly journals Relations between typological personality traits and mechanisms of psychological defense

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-D) ◽  
pp. 517-527
Author(s):  
Vitaliy V. Kabakov ◽  
Andrey E. Sorokin ◽  
Anatoly V. Ryapukhin
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
The Individual

Research object is the typological personality traits. Subject of research is the relation of temperament and the mechanism of psychological defense. Purpose of the research is to reveal the relation between the typological characteristics of the personality and the mechanisms of psychological defense. The hypothesis of the research is the assumption that there is a relation between the typological characteristics of the personality and the mechanisms of psychological defense. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the results obtained can become the basis for the development of a program for the correction or optimization of psychological defense mechanisms based on the typological characteristics of the individual.

scholarly journals Investigating personality and conceptualising allied health as person or technique oriented

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narelle Campbell ◽  
Diann S Eley ◽  
Lindy McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Career Counselling ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
The Individual

Objective Allied health (AH) includes many diverse professions, each with a unique contribution to healthcare, making it possible to consider these professions as person oriented (PO) or technique oriented (TO). This paper explored the personality traits of AH professionals from the perspective of both the PO or TO orientation and the individual professions. Methods AH professionals (n = 562) provided demographic data and completed the Temperament and Character Inventory. Examination of the literature and a consultation process resulted in nine professions classified as PO and 10 classified as TO. Multivariate analyses compared levels of personality traits and demographic variables between the PO (n = 492) and TO (n = 70) groups, and the professions within the groups. Results Professionals in the PO group showed significantly higher levels of traits that emphasise person orientation attributes, such as being sociable, empathic and cooperative, compared with AH professionals in professions with an emphasis on TO. Conclusions Trends in personality traits among AH professionals were congruent with the PO and TO aspects of their chosen profession. This supports the usefulness of the PO and TO concepts in describing AH professions and may provide new clues for policy aiming to enhance job satisfaction, retention and career development. What is known about the topic? The literature suggests that certain medical specialities can be classified as person (PO) or technique oriented (TO) and that individuals attracted to those specialties display traits that are similar to that orientation. There is scant information on the AH professions regarding similar person or technique orientations. What does this paper add? The diversity of professions within AH allows a new approach to describing each profession as either PO (socially dependent, cooperative and relationship focused), or TO (focused on skills and procedures). The trend in personality traits of individuals in certain AH professions is compatible with the orientation of that profession. Findings suggest that individuals may be attracted to professions that favour a similar personality pattern to their own. What are the implications for practitioners? Gaining an improved understanding of the AH professions and individuals who are attracted to them in a climate of workforce shortage and increasing multidisciplinary service demand. The findings provide a new approach to understanding the characteristics of AH professions according to the personalities they attract. This information could guide recruitment and retention policy, and assist in career counselling by providing greater insight into personality profiles that are best suited to certain professions.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE VIRAL BRONCHIOLITIS IN INFANCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Howell Wright ◽  
Marc O. Beem
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Chest Roentgenogram ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Differential Problem ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Individual ◽  
A Minor

ACUTE bronchiolitis (capillary bronchitis, obstructive emphysema) is one of the common afflictions of the lower respiratory passages of infants. Although infection has long been accepted as the primary inciting factor, investigators (with the exception of Sell who believes H. influenzae to be responsible) have not found bacterial pathogens in consistent association with the syndrome. By exclusion, it has been assumed that most cases are precipitated by a viral infection. During the past decade this view has been substantiated by the application of new techniques to the study of respiratory viruses. Surveys of winter and spring epidemics of bronchiolitis in several urban centers have demonstrated a very significant portion of the cases to be associated with respiratory virus infection, most commonly the respiratory syncytial virus (RS), but in a minor number of instances influenza B or the parainfluenza agents. To date, no rapid laboratory proof of viral etiology is available, nor have any of the antiviral substances been found to be effective in treatment. Consequently, the welfare of the individual infant depends upon his physician's acumen in arriving at a correct clinical diagnosis and in utilizing nonspecific measures to combat the disturbances of his respiratory physiology. DIAGNOSIS The first requisite of proper management is an accurate diagnosis. Table I lists other causes of infantile dyspnea which may cause confusion. Exclusion of these entities depends upon a careful history and physical examination, a chest roentgenogram, and a few well-chosen laboratory tests. The most frequent differential problem is the distinction among viral bronchiolitis, asthmatic bronchitis, and bacterial infection of the lower respiratory passages.

Early Child Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-196
Author(s):  
Hatice Bekir
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Early Child Development ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Early Child ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

Early childhood is a period that is associated with the development process of children. It was determined that physical, motor, cognitive, language, emotional and social development, which was created in accordance with the characteristics of the developmental period of children in the early childhood, did not change much direction in later ages, the improvement in the same direction was higher. In the early childhood, children begin to learn the rules of society limited to their own environment. They understand language and show great development. Socialization and gender awareness begin to form. The researches revealed that behaviors and attitudes gained during this period shape the habits, attitudes, beliefs, value judgments and personality traits of the individual when they are adults. In this section, the changes in physical, motor, cognitive, language, emotional-social development of the first childhood are examined.

Understanding the Investment Behavior of Individual Investors

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
Yavuz Bilgin ◽  
Selin Metin Camgoz ◽  
Mehmet Baha Karan ◽  
Yilmaz Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Disposition Effect ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Love Of Money ◽  
Risk Takers ◽  
The Individual

The FOREX market has become a popular ground amongst all kinds of market players. The leverage transactions of the market that may generate higher profit levels with low capital/investments make it very attractive for the individual risk takers. The research investigates the trading behavior of FOREX investors relying on the survey data collected from 167 Turkish investors in 2019. Within the scope of the research, the authors evaluate whether and to what extent behavioral factors, namely demographic characteristics; personal characteristics such as personality traits, love of money, and biases like disposition effect influence investment performance. The results reveal that among the personality traits, openness to experience and conscientiousness have a positive impact while disposition effect and love of money have a negative impact on the performance of investors. Additional analysis suggests that the effects of personality traits and biases on trading performance remarkably change among subgroups of investors regarding their income level.

Genetics of Anxiety Disorders

2013 ◽  
pp. 537-546
Author(s):  
Javier A. Perez ◽  
Takeshi Otowa ◽  
Roxann Roberson-Nay ◽  
John M. Hettema
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Genetic Epidemiology ◽  
Genetic Models ◽  
Pediatric Anxiety ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter provides a broad overview of the state of current research in the genetics of the major anxiety disorders. In addition tosummarizing findings regarding the individual clinical syndromes, we present data supporting genetic hypotheses that explain their comorbidity with each other and with related phenotypessuch as anxious personality traits and depression. We conceptually divide the chapter into three main sections based upon methodology: (1) genetic epidemiology of adult and pediatric anxiety (twin and family studies), (2) human molecular genetics (linkage and association), and (3) animal genetic models. These approaches provide complimentary and concurring evidence supporting the genetic basis underlying anxiety disorders as well as preliminary insight into the genetic mechanisms involved in their expression.

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