Intensive Therapy of the Intrahospital Infection in Office of Reanimation and Intensive Therapy

10.12737/7277 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Киреев ◽  
Semen Kireev ◽  
Матвеенкова ◽  
L. Matveenkova
Keyword(s):  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Intensive Therapy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hospital Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Intensive Care Department ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
The One

The research carried out at the Reanimation and Intensive Care Department of Tula Region Clinical Hospital showed that the microflora of causative agents of intrahospital infections is dominated by gram-negative flora (75% of the revealed strains), with the most etiologically significant microorganisms being in most cases P. Aeruginosa – 50%, E. Coli and S. Epidermidis in equal shares, 17% each, to a lesser degree – Enterobacter (14%) and Acinetobacter (11%). Associations of microorganisms were found in 14% of cases. Choosing the medicines of antibacterial therapy of intra-hospital infections caused by bacilli the following facts should be taken into account: on the one hand, carbapenems stay active in relation to most species, on the other hand, we see proliferation of panresistant strains P.Aeruginosa re-sistant to imipenem and meropenem. Taking all that into account, it is especially urgentto decrease the selective pressure of carbapenems by choosing alternative medicines whose activity in relation to other representatives of hospital flora has been proved. The revealed strains of K. Pneumoniae have proved to be sensitive to amikacin. E. Coli cultures were sensitive to amikacin and gentamicin.

scholarly journals Tobramycin: efficacy of intensive therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
D V Dmytriiev ◽  
O A Nazarchuk ◽  
Yu M Babina ◽  
O V Bankovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Intensive Therapy ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Intensive Care Department ◽  
Domestic Literature ◽  
Current Medical Practice ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Systemic Form

One of the leading cause of the decrease of treatment efficacy in patient with community-acquired infections in the intensive care department is a spread of antibiotic resistance in main causative agents. Among Gram-negative microorganisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causative agents, that is related to health service. A review of foreign and domestic literature concerning tobramycin – systemic form use in the current medical practice in the conditions of increasing resistance of microorganisms to the most broad-spectrum antibiotics is presented in the article. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of tobramycin are described, results of clinical trials, that demonstrate an efficacy of its use in the combination with other antibiotics in the life-threatening infections caused by Gram-negative microorganisms are presented in the article.

Disinfection of Fruits with Activated Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1864-1872
Author(s):  
Prof. Teodora P. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
High Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Lower Effect

The effect of ionized aqueous solutions (anolytes and catholyte) in the processing of fruits (cherries, morellos, and strawberries) for decontamination has been tested. Freshly prepared analytes and catholyte without the addition of salts were used, as well as stored for 7 months anolytes, prepared with 0.5% NaCl and a combination of 0.5% NaCl and 0.5% Na2CO3. The anolyte prepared with a combination of 0.5% NaCl and 0.5% Na2CO3, as well as the anolyte obtained with 0.5% NaCl, exhibit high antimicrobial activity against the surface microflora of strawberries, cherries, and sour cherries. They inactivate E. coli for 15 minutes. The other species of the fam. Enterobacteriaceae were also affected to the maximum extent, as is the total number of microorganisms, especially in cherries and sour cherries. Even stored for 7 months, they largely retain their antimicrobial properties. Anolyte and catholyte, obtained without the addition of salts, showed a lower effect on the total number of microorganisms, but had a significant effect on Gram-negative bacteria, and especially with regard to the sanitary indicative E. coli.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Newer and Conventional Antimicrobial Agents, Including Fosfomycin and Colistin, against Selected Gram-Negative Bacilli in Kuwait

Pathogens ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadha Alfouzan ◽  
Rita Dhar ◽  
David Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbroth Dilution

Limited data are available on susceptibilities of these organisms to some of the recently made accessible antimicrobial agents. The in vitro activities of newer antibiotics, such as, ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) and ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) along with some “older” antibiotics, for example fosfomycin (FOS) and colistin (CL) were determined against selected strains (resistant to ≥ 3 antimicrobial agents) of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute microbroth dilution. 133 isolates: 46 E. coli, 39 K. pneumoniae, and 48 P. aeruginosa were tested. Results showed that E. coli isolates with MIC50/90, 0.5/1 μ g / mL for CL; 4/32 μ g / mL for FOS; 0.25/32 μ g / mL for C/T; 0.25/8 μ g / mL for CZA, exhibited susceptibility rates of 95.7%, 97.8%, 76.1%, and 89.1%, respectively. On the other hand, K. pneumoniae strains with MIC50/90, 0.5/1 μ g / mL for CL; 256/512 μ g / mL for FOS; 2/128 μ g / mL for C/T; 0.5/128 μ g / mL for CZA showed susceptibility rates of 92.3%, 7.7%, 51.3%, and 64.1%, respectively. P. aeruginosa isolates with MIC50/90, 1/1 μ g / mL for CL; 128/128 μ g / mL for C/T; 32/64 μ g / mL for CZA presented susceptibility rates of 97.9%, 33.3%, and 39.6%, respectively. Higher MICs were demonstrated against most of the antibiotics. However, CL retained efficacy at low MICs against most of the isolates tested.

scholarly journals Phospholipid distribution in the cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is highly asymmetric, dynamic, and cell shape-dependent

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. eaaz6333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Bogdanov ◽  
Kyrylo Pyrshev ◽  
Semen Yesylevskyy ◽  
Sergey Ryabichko ◽  
Vitalii Boiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phospholipid Distribution

The distribution of phospholipids across the inner membrane (IM) of Gram-negative bacteria is unknown. We demonstrate that the IMs of Escherichia coli and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis are asymmetric, with a 75%/25% (cytoplasmic/periplasmic leaflet) distribution of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in rod-shaped cells and an opposite distribution in E. coli filamentous cells. In initially filamentous PE-lacking E. coli cells, nascent PE appears first in the periplasmic leaflet. As the total PE content increases from nearly zero to 75%, cells progressively adopt a rod shape and PE appears in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the IM. The redistribution of PE influences the distribution of the other lipids between the leaflets. This correlates with the tendency of PE and cardiolipin to regulate antagonistically lipid order of the bilayer. The results suggest that PE asymmetry is metabolically controlled to balance temporally the net rates of synthesis and translocation, satisfy envelope growth capacity, and adjust bilayer chemical and physical properties.

scholarly journals Characterization of Shiga ToxigenicEscherichia coliO157 and Non-O157 Isolates from Ruminant Feces in Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asanthi Perera ◽  
Charles M. Clarke ◽  
Gary A. Dykes ◽  
Narelle Fegan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Immunomagnetic Beads ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Causative Agents

Shiga toxigenicEscherichia coli(STEC) O157 and several other serogroups of non-O157 STEC are causative agents of severe disease in humans world-wide. The present study was conducted to characterize STEC O157 and non-O157 serogroups O26, O103, O111, O121, O45, and O145 in ruminants in Malaysia. A total of 136 ruminant feces samples were collected from 6 different farms in Peninsular Malaysia. Immunomagnetic beads were used to isolateE. coliO157 and non-O157 serogroups, while PCR was used for the detection and subtyping of STEC isolates. STEC O157:H7 was isolated from 6 (4%) feces samples and all isolates obtained carriedstx2c,  eaeA-γ1, andehxA. Non-O157 STEC was isolated from 2 (1.5%) feces samples with one isolate carryingstx1a,stx2a,stx2c, andehxAand the other carryingstx1aalone. The presence of STEC O157 and non-O157 in a small percentage of ruminants in this study together with their virulence characteristics suggests that they may have limited impact on public health.

scholarly journals Siderophore production by Gram-negative rods isolated from human polymicrobial infections

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Mokracka ◽  
Ewa Cichoszewska ◽  
Adam Kaznowski
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Iron Chelator ◽  
Siderophore Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Polymicrobial Infections

Siderophore production by Gram-negative rods isolated from human polymicrobial infectionsA total of 137 strains isolated from 67 mixed bacterial infections were examined for production and interchangeability of siderophores. The isolates comprised 109 strains belonging to 15 species of Enterobacteriaceae and 28 isolates of 6 species of non-fermenting rods. In 36 mixed infections (53.7%), the strains secreted siderophores of the same type. This concerned mostly strains belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae (46.3%), which produced enterobactin. We selected 37 pairs of strains that produced different siderophores. The strains examined were not able to use siderophores produced by the other isolate of the pair, except for 3 strains ofPseudomonas aeruginosathat used chelators excreted by enterobactin-producingE. coli.Our research indicates that in mixed polymicrobial infections the interchangeability of siderophores is possible, although it seems to be rare. More common is the production and secretion of the same chelator by strains participating in one infection, which definitely leads to an increase in the amount of iron chelator at the site of infection and, consequently, may enhance the virulence potential of bacteria, as the amount of siderophore seems to be directly related to the pathogenicity of a strain.

A survival study of Escherichia coli in a south African river using membrane diffusion chambers

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. E. de Wet ◽  
S. N. Venter ◽  
N. Rodda ◽  
R. Kfir ◽  
M. C. Steynberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
South African ◽  
The Other ◽  
Membrane Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Chambers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Survival Pattern ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Parts

Studies to describe the survival of Escherichia coli were performed at two sites in a river. The one site was dominated by domestic discharge and the other by industrial inputs. E coli suspensions within membrane diffusion chambers were immersed in the river at the selected sites. An identical chamber was submerged in river water in the laboratory as a comparison. Two test runs were performed, one during winter (July) and one during summer (December). Samples to determine the survival of E coli was taken on a scheduled basis. Results obtained showed no significant difference between the survival pattern of E coli as determined during the summer and winter periods or in the different parts of the river. The same survival pattern was observed for the studies performed in the laboratory.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo antibacterial efficacies of CFC-222, a new fluoroquinolone.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 2209-2213 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Kim ◽  
J A Kang ◽  
Y G Kim ◽  
J W Kim ◽  
J H Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

CFC-222 is a novel fluoroquinolone containing a C-7 bicyclic amine moiety with potent antibacterial activities against gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic organisms. We compared the in vitro and in vivo activities of CFC-222 with those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and lomefloxacin. CFC-222 was more active than the other fluoroquinolones tested against gram-positive bacteria. CFC-222 was particularly active against Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC at which 90% of isolates are inhibited [MIC90], 0.2 microg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC90, 0.2 microg/ml for ciprofloxacin-susceptible strains), and Enterococcus faecalis (MIC90, 0.39 microg/ml). Against Escherichia coli and other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, CFC-222 was slightly less active than ciprofloxacin (MIC90s for E. coli, 0.1 and 0.025 microg/ml, respectively). The in vitro activity of CFC-222 was not influenced by inoculum size, medium composition, or the presence of horse serum. However, its activity was decreased significantly by a change in the pH of the medium from 7.0 to 6.0, as was the case for the other quinolones tested. The in vivo protective efficacy of CFC-222 by oral administration was greater than those of the other quinolones tested in a mouse model of intraperitoneally inoculated systemic infection caused by S. aureus. CFC-222 exhibited efficacy comparable to that of ciprofloxacin in the same model of infection caused by gram-negative organisms, such as E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In this infection model, CFC-222 was slightly less active than ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These results suggest that CFC-222 may be a promising therapeutic agent in various bacterial infections.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF SULFONAMIDE RESISTANCE

1943 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. M. Kirby ◽  
Lowell A. Rantz
Keyword(s):  
Structural Unit ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acid ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Sulfonamide Resistance ◽  
The One

1. In vitro experiments were performed with E. coli, using a method designed for the quantitative study of various aspects of sulfonamide resistance. 2. Resistance was found to be a gradually developing process, and was demonstrated for all four drugs tested, sulfanilamide, sulfapyridine, sulfathiazole, and sulfadiazine. 3. It was shown that the degree of resistance developed was correlated with the bacteriostatic potency of the sulfonamides, and that organisms resistant to certain bacteriostatic concentrations of one sulfonamide were equally resistant to similar bacteriostatic concentrations of the other sulfonamides. 4. These observations were interpreted as indicating that the development of sulfonamide resistance represents an interaction between the organisms and the one common structural unit of all the sulfonamides, namely, the p-amino nucleus. It is also suggested that this interaction may involve the same enzyme system (or systems) as those concerned in the antagonism of the sulfonamides by para-aminobenzoic acid. 5. The relation of these findings to the broader aspects of sulfonamide resistance is discussed, and it is postulated that, despite reports to the contrary, all organisms susceptible to the bacteriostatic action of the sulfonamides are capable of becoming resistant to all of the sulfonamides.

Influence of Ethanol With and Without Chlorhexidine on the Bacterial Colonization of the Umbilicus of Newborn Infants

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 275-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bygdeman ◽  
A Hambraeus ◽  
A. Henningsson ◽  
B. Nyström ◽  
C. Skoglund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
The Other ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ethanol Group ◽  
Group G Streptococci ◽  
The One ◽  
Group B

AbstractThe effect of daily treatments with 70% ethanol and with 0.5% Chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol, respectively, on navel colonization in newborns has been studied in 624 infants in two maternity wards during a four-month period. Staphylococcus aureus, group B and G streptococci, E. coli and anaerobes were significantly less often isolated from newborns whose umbilical cord was treated with Chlorhexidine in ethanol than from those treated with ethanol only. Staphylococcus epidermidis and enterococci, on the other hand, were significantly more often isolated from the chlorhexidine-ethanol than from the ethanol group. More infants without colonization of the umbilicus on their fourth day of life were found in the Chlorhexidine in ethanol than in the ethanol group. The infants in the ethanol group were colonized with significantly more bacterial species than the infants in the other group. Signs of dissemination of group B and group G streptococci between babies were seen more often in the group of infants treated with ethanol than in the one treated with chlorhexidine-ethanol.

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