scholarly journals RESEARCH ON QUALITY AND GRAIN PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Айрат Хайруллин ◽  
Ayrat Hayrullin ◽  
Адель Хайруллин ◽  
Adel' Hayrullin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Gluten Content

Grain production has always been and is a strategic branch of the country’s economy. Grain, being the main food for people, presents itself as a necessary element of fodder for the production of livestock products. Therefore, the grain industry is an indicator of the level of development not only of agriculture, but also of the country’s economy as a whole. In addition, grain acts as a technical crop, as a raw material for the production of alcohol, starch and biofuel. Grain production is a source of income for agricultural producers. It is easily possible to realize as it is constantly demanded production. But here it should be noted the need to continuously increase production volumes, both by expanding the sowing areas, and increasing the productivity. So it is necessary to work on improving technology, applying fertilizers, plant protection products against pests and diseases. In order to increase the economic efficiency of grain production for agricultural producers, along with the increase in output, special attention should also be paid to product quality. In many farms, more accurately in most of them, the quality of grain is low, the content of gluten in it is only 14-17%, and therefore it can be used only as feed for livestock, as it does not meet the requirements of food grains. In this regard, as a result, the low price of its sale, which leads to low profitability of agricultural producers. As a result of our research, it is established that 70-75% of grain in the Republic of Tatarstan does not meet the food criteria. Rainy summer of this year formed a record harvest not only for winter crops, but also for all spring crops. At the same time, it is the main factor of poor quality products. However, there are many examples where, in such conditions, they have obtained high-quality grain. A positive example is the activity of “Krasnyy Vostok”, agricultural holding, where the gluten content is 27-28%. This is achieved through the use of promising varieties, for example winter wheat “Moskovskaya 39”, and “Moskovskaya 40”. We studied the territory of the Volga of Zelenodolsky municipal district, where 32.7 thousand hectares is the land use of “Krasnyy Vostok” agricultural holding. Here, the productivity of winter wheat of these varieties was 56 centners per hectare in standings at the elevator. The gluten content was 27-28%. This indicator is only at a level of 14-16% at all neighbors. We have established the factors that led to such high results.

scholarly journals Efficiency of joint application of microfertilizers and plant protection products on bread winter wheat crops

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Д. Ю. Дубовик ◽  
А. А. Сіроштан ◽  
Л. І. Ільченко ◽  
Б. А. Олефіренко
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Joint Application

scholarly journals Elements of Integration in Winter Wheat Protection Programs

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Cecylia Jańczak ◽  
Grażyna Filoda ◽  
Robert Matysiak
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

In Poland winter wheat is grown on the area of 1.600.000 ha. Most of the plant protection treatments are being done without thorough analysis of real threats from pests and diseases. The aim of the research is to develop the optimal program of wheat protection against pests and diseases based on integration of various methods of plant protection. Two programs: conventional and integrated were compared. In integrated program the eventual needs and terms of treatments were estimated on the basis of detailed observations of plant infection, pest appearance, their natural enemies and thorough analysis of weather conditions and forecasts. The role of disease resistant wheat varietes and nitrogen fertilizers was also analysed. The research took into account beneficial entomofauna and its influence on pest numbers as well as influence of chemicals used in agriculture on their species. As the result the selective pesticides, safe to beneficial organisms, were selected. The quantity and quality of winter wheat yield was analysed, including protein and gluten contents. The economic effectiveness of various programs of wheat protection against pests and diseases was assessed. The results of research are important both in practical and scientific sense.

scholarly journals Evaluation of quality and safety of milk on admission to molokokopererobne company from different entities

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Prilipko ◽  
N. Bukalova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Material Control ◽  
Milk Processing ◽  
Average Temperature

The work was performed under conditions of JSC «Gorodenkovskiy cheese» Ivano–Frankivsk region. Ob'yektom study was raw milk that came from different entities. Milk studied organoleptic and laboratory methods for conventional methods. Navedeni results of the study parameters of quality and safety of milk, which reported on molokokopererobne company from different entities, collective farms, private farms. The studies have shown that milk from entities in milk business reported first grade from private farms – the second, as evidenced by indicators titrated acidity – 17.5 ± 0.56 ºT and 19.3 ± 0.4 ºT respectively. Milk from individual farms to milk processing company reported non–refrigerated – 14.1 ± 0.5 ° C, cooled entities with an average temperature 8.3 ± 0.1 °C, which is likely to affect its quality. Density commodity raw milk obtained from farms of different ownership did not differ significantly (P < 0.05) fat 3.5 ± 0.25%, protein and 3.0 ± 0.07, than in samples obtained from entities that can be oznakoyuyoho alleged fraud, or increased stress on the metabolism. To guarantee the safety of milk producers should be used as raw material control system at all levels of the food chain, starting with control of mineral fertilizers and plant protection products in pastures, sources of water intake, health and welfare and finishing, storage and transportation milk processing enterprises

THE IMPACT OF THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL STRATEGY ON SECURITY IN THE SUPPLY OF NATIVE PLANT PROTEIN FOR ANIMAL FEED IN POLAND

2021 ◽  
Vol XXIII (3) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Michał Jerzak
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Impact

This article aims to indicate the potential impact of the European Green Deal strategy’s solutions on the production of native protein crops for animal feed and its role in achieving sovereignty in the supply of this raw material in Poland. Self-sufficiency in the supply of plant protein is a concern that has been recognized and widely discussed in the national and European scientific community among practitioners involved in the production of livestock feed and, above all, among politicians of the European Commission, which decides the final shape of the EU Common Agricultural Policy. The strategy adopted by the European Commission, referred to as the European Green Deal, proposes restrictions on the use of plant protection products and mineral fertilizers. This will not take place without having an impact on production and the economic situation in agriculture. The research was conducted based on Statistics Poland data and the results of scientific studies. It was concluded that the implementation of the proposed strategy could be a factor that activates the production of native leguminous plants due to their nitrogen-fixing properties. Consequently, this may contribute to an increase in the production of native plant protein for animal feed, and thus to a greater sovereignty in the supply of this raw material for feed purposes.

scholarly journals Evaporation and wettability of fungicide spray, with or without adjuvant, on leaves of vegetables

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-324
Author(s):  
Laís MB Precipito ◽  
Gustavo Dario ◽  
João V Oliveira ◽  
Rone B Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Droplet Evaporation ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Evaporation Time ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Relative Air Humidity

ABSTRACT On tomato, cucumber and bell pepper cultivation, commonly large quantities of plant-protection products are applied, to control pests and diseases, as a way to guarantee better productivity and final product quality. The knowledge of spreading and evaporation time of spray droplets is fundamental to understand the interaction between fungicides and target surface for proper distribution of this fungicide. This study was installed to determine the wetting area and droplet evaporation of sprays containing the fungicide Cabrio Top, with or without adjuvant Nimbus®, deposited on leaves and artificial surfaces (glass slide). A system was used which analyzes images composed of a droplet generator, a stereoscope camera for capturing images and a climatic chamber for controlling temperature and relative air humidity. Droplets of 600 µm in diameter containing spray solution were deposited on leaf surfaces and on glass slide and sequential images were used to quantify the wetting area and the evaporation time. The spray solution and the target surface are determinant for wetness and droplet evaporation after deposition. Evaporation time and surface tension were inversely proportional to the wetting areas. Addition of adjuvant Nimbus® (0.5%, v/v) reduced the surface tension and provided an increase in the wetting surface area, except on tomato leaves which had shown low wetting capacity in both fungicide solutions applied.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Different Hand-Held Sprayer Types on a Greenhouse Pepper Crop

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
Julián Sánchez-Hermosilla ◽  
Victor J. Rincón ◽  
Francisco C. Páez ◽  
José Pérez-Alonso ◽  
Ángel-Jesús Callejón-Ferre
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Spray Distribution ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable

The cultivation of vegetables in greenhouses is characterised by high planting density and environmental conditions that favour the development of pests and diseases. These are mainly controlled using plant protection products applied with a hand-held sprayer. This is inefficient low-tech equipment that is difficult to calibrate. The study evaluates one hand-held spray gun and two hand-held spray lances that are widely used in greenhouse vegetable crops. The tests were carried out on a pepper crop at two different developmental stages. Plant canopy deposition and losses to the ground were quantified using a colorimetric method based on applying a tartrazine solution. The results show that the flat-fan spray lance obtains a more uniform spray distribution in the plant canopy and results in losses to the ground that are between 2 and 2.75 times less than when using the other hand-held sprayers tested.

scholarly journals The study of the antagonistic and growth-stimulating characteristics of Bacillus subtilis strains, promising for the development of the effective biofungicides

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
A. M. Asaturova ◽  
T. M. Sidorova ◽  
N. S. Tomashevich ◽  
N. A. Zhevnova ◽  
A. I. Khomyak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Water Control

In the period from 2012 to 2015 on Kalym winter wheat variety plants there were carried out field tests of the liquid culture of B. subtilis BZR 336g and BZR 517 strains isolated from natural sources that exhibit antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, and are also able to have a positive effect on the growth and development of plants. Pre-sowing seed treatment and two preventive treatments during the growing season of the plants were carried out with the liquid culture of the strains. Comparison variants - treatment with water (control), with chemical (Raxil, KS; Alto Super, KS) and with biological (Fitosporin-M, L) standards. Biological efficacy against the complex of fusarium root rots was noted in the shooting stage of winter wheat and during ripening, and in some years reached 22.8 % for B. subtilis BZR 336g strain and 17.2 % for B. subtilis BZR 517 strain. In variants with presowing seed treatment and treatment of vegetative winter wheat plants with B. subtilis BZR 336g strain for three years of field trials the yield was from 5.0 to 7.4 t / ha, and when treated with B. subtilis BZR 517 strain - from 4.2 to 7.6 t / ha. The maximum additional yield was obtained in 2013 - a reliable yield increase was 1.6 t / ha for B. subtilis BZR 336g strain and 0.8 t / ha for B. subtilis BZR 517 strain. The ability of liquid cultures of the studied strains to protect winter wheat against harmful diseases at the same level and above the biological and chemical standards will help to expand the range of microbial biological products in the segment of the Russian market of environmentally friendly plant protection products.

LEGAL REGULATION OF PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES APPLICATION IN VEGETATION IN UKRAINE IN THE LIGHT OF EU REQUIREMENTS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Karpinska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
Environmental Goals

The article is devoted to the characterization of phytosanitary legislation of Ukraine through the prism of EU requirements. It is indicated that in Ukraine there is a fairly extensive phytosanitary legislation, based on the Law of Ukraine «On Plant Protection» which contains a legal definition of the basic concept. Based on the analysis of this law, the main features of the legal category «plant protection» are identified and characterized as: systemic, preventive economic and environmental goals, a broad object structure of plant protection relations and protection against biological threats (pests (insects, mites, microorganisms, nematodes) , rodents), pathogens (phytopathogens: viruses, bacteria, fungi), weeds (unwanted vegetation in lands, crops, plantations of crops, which competes with them for light, water, nutrients, and contributes to the spread of pests and diseases )). Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the basic requirements for plant protection, which are divided into three groups, namely: technological requirements, environmental and legal requirements. It is established that in contrast to the limited and debatable list of rights of agricultural entities in the field of plant protection, the responsibilities of such entities are quite detailed and presented in the article in three groups: responsibilities for independent action; responsibilities for promoting the actions of others; responsibilities for the handling of plant protection products. It was found that the legislator in formulating the general responsibilities of agricultural entities (in the opinion of the author of the article), missed an important obligation to apply integrated plant protection, and this aspect is quite fundamental. Based on the analysis of EU legislation, the idea that the implementation of the principles of integrated pest management should be mandatory, and the implementation of integrated pest management is the growth of healthy crops with minimal possible disturbances in agroecosystems and the promotion of natural pest control mechanisms. Methods of plant protection are considered and characterized. The conclusion is substantiated that the modern integrated system of measures is based on the complex application of agrotechnical, chemical and biological methods of plant protection, where the main criterion is the optimization of the chemical method of protection.

scholarly journals Ways to increase grain production efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Natalia Alexandrova ◽  
Svetlana Chelnokova ◽  
Asia Subaeva
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Current State ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Grain Products ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Significant Factors

The paper presents an assessment of the current state of grain production in the region, determines the main sectoral strategy of increasing the economic efficiency of grain production. The comprehensive analysis of the development of the industry made it possible to compile a correlation and regression model of the grain yield and leguminous crops, which allowed determining the most significant factors – the expenses of fertilizers, plant protection agents and the maintenance of fixed assets. A methodological approach to the grouping of regions according to the level and efficiency of grain production is proposed, which allows identifying the main zones of concentration and specialization of grain production. The formation of the regional grain cluster, uniting all participants in the production, processing and sale of grain and grain products, stimulating an increase in the volume of grain production in agricultural organizations of the region by 2024 up to 13614.3 thousand centners, the profitability of the industry – up to 31.04 % is substantiated.

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