Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia: socio-economic and political development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Андрей Клемешев ◽  
Andrey Klemeshev ◽  
Геннадий Федоров ◽  
Gennady Fedorov ◽  
Николай Межевич ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The Baltic

The monograph is devoted to topical problems of socio-economic, demographic and political development of Poland and the Baltic countries (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia). The main features and tendencies of development of military-political situation in the Baltic region are considered. It is intended for specialists engaged in studying the economic, political and geopolitical aspects of the development of the Baltic region, teachers and university students.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Red Raspberry Cultivars Used for Breeding and Commercial Growing in the Baltic Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunārs Lācis ◽  
Irita Kota-Dombrovska ◽  
Sarmīte Strautiņa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Local Advanced

Abstract The structure of raspberry cultivars and genetic resources in the Baltic countries have been influenced by the historical political situation in the 20th century and climatic conditions, especially winterhardiness. The genetic resources consist of some old European and American cultivars, but mostly of cultivars and hybrids bred in Russia. Currently, targeted breeding programmes are active only in Estonia and Latvia, which aim to develop winterhardy, disease-resistant cultivars, well adapted to the local climate. Therefore, parent material for hybridisation has been chosen from local advanced hybrids and introduced cultivars suitable to the regional climatic conditions. The aim of the study was to estimate the level of genetic diversity of Rubus germplasm and assess inter-specific and intra-specific relationships using phenotypical characterisation and molecular markers. Forty one Rubus genotypes were evaluated by 41 phenotypical traits and 15 previously described SSR markers. Both characterisation approaches discovered high correspondence with pedigree and a low level of diversity. A limited amount of the diversity of raspberry genetic material has been used in various breeding programmes, despite their broad geographical origin. The obtained results indicate the need for including local wild R. idaeus plant material into breeding programmes.

scholarly journals INTEGRAL SPACES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: POSSIBLE TRENDS OF THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL INTEGRATION IN THE BALTIC REGION

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borisas Melnikas
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Research Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
Integration Strategies ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Technological Space

Regional integration oriented transformations in the Baltic region, as well as the unified social, economic and technological space formation processes are described and analysed. These processes are comprehended as an important factor of further social, economic and technological modernization in the Baltic countries, as a precondition for more intensive and active integration of Baltic economic systems into the European and global economic and technological structures, as well as a knowledge‐based society and knowledge economy creation factor. The arguments determining the idea of the Baltic region community and unity, as well as opposing arguments are evaluated. The main principles of integration in the Baltic region, as well as the possible integration strategies are analysed. The unified social, economic and technological space in the Baltic region as a research area is described.

scholarly journals The Stone Vessels in the Cities of Russian North-West

2018 ◽  
pp. 361-371
Author(s):  
П. Е. Сорокин ◽  
В. И. Кильдюшевский ◽  
В. Н. Матвеев
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
North West ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Russian North ◽  
The Baltic

Сосуды из каменной массы, изготавливавшиеся в городах Северной Германии и получившие в литературе название рейнской керамики, были широко распространены в позднее Средневековье и Новое время в Северной Европе. В русских городах они встречаются значительно реже, причем в основном на Северо-Западе, вовлеченном в балтийскую торговлю. Значительно более широко они представлены в Восточной Прибалтике, Финляндии, а также в городах Выборг, Ниеншанц и Но-тебург, входивших в состав шведских владений. Поступление сосудов из каменной массы в прибалтийские страны отражает торговые и политические процессы в Балтийском регионе. The stone vessels, manufactured in the cities of Northern Germany and got the name of Rhenish ceramics in literature were widespread in the Late Middle Ages and Modern Time in Northern Europe. In Russian cities, they are met much rarer, mostly in the North-West involved in the Baltic trade. Much more commonly they are represented in the Eastern Baltic countries, Finland, and also in the cities of Vyborg, Nyenschantz and Noteburg, which once were part of the Swedish realm. The flow of stone vessels into the Baltic countries reflects trade and political processes in the Baltic region.

Banking Sector of Baltic Countries

2012 ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
V. Olenchenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The Baltic

The author states that Baltic banking sector is notable for its heterogeneity. Under conditions of global financial and economic crisis of 2008–2010 and the problems in the Eurozone this became a factor that is aggravating the crisis processes. In particular, a conclusion is drawn that the situation in Baltic banking sector developed and continues to develop under two scenarios. One is realized by the capital from Nordic countries which dominates in the Baltic region. Other participants of banking sector adhere to another one. Scenarios differ by the objects in view and means used. Generally, a tendency of stagnation of Baltic bank sector’s activity is marked.

scholarly journals ESTIMATING THE COST OF EQUITY IN THE BALTIC REGION

Ekonomika ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Mongrut ◽  
Arvydas Paškevičius ◽  
Petras Dubinskas ◽  
Renata Kovalevskaja ◽  
Darcy Fuenzalida
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Financial Liberalization ◽  
Cost Of Equity ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Industry Sector ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Political Turmoil

During the last two decades the Baltic region has been subject to several episodes of investment volatility and political turmoil. Although financial liberalization processes undertaken in these countries could reduce the cost of equity, it seems that investors have been cautious in investing in the Baltic region. In this research, we estimate the cost of equity per industry sector in three Baltic countries (Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia) during the period 2005–2008 and conclude that the cost of equity seems to have increased during the period 2005–2007, indicating that the region was less financially integrated with the world capital market.

scholarly journals Main Characteristics of the Baltic Countries Political Development and their Economic Consequences

2019 ◽  
pp. 82-23
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shamakhov ◽  
◽  
Natalya Eryomina ◽  
Nikolay Mezhevich ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals ScanBalt BioRegion: A model case for Europe

10.5912/jcb67 ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Blank ◽  
Bo Samuelsson ◽  
Peter Frank
Keyword(s):  
Critical Mass ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Model Case ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
North Western

Europe takes part in a global competition for scientists, capital and knowledge – major factors of importance for societal growth. In the USA, regions such as Bay Area, Massachusetts and North Carolina, in particular, have developed to a critical mass far beyond the potentials of individual regions in Europe or other parts of the world. The foundation of the ScanBalt BioRegion as a pan-European life science/biotechnology collaboration has the perspective of closing this gap. The greater Nordic-Baltic region – including the Nordic countries, the Baltic countries, North Germany, Poland and the north-western part of Russia – constitutes a meta-region with a great pool of knowledge, capital and resources. In recognition of these potentials, the Nordic-Baltic region has marked itself as one of the world's most proactive in terms of building cross-sector and pan-regional networks and cooperation at local, regional and meta-regional levels.As a consequence private companies, public institutions and governments are aiming to create an internationally competitive and prosperous meta-region comprising Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Sweden, north-western part of Russia and the northern part of Germany. Thereby the political visions, for years expressed by, for example, the Baltic Development Forum, are becoming a reality in the world of biotechnology and life sciences – the frontier of a knowledge-based society. The emerging meta-region is named the ScanBalt BioRegion.

scholarly journals The geography of the “Oil pipeline wars” in the context of Russia’s interaction with the countries of the Baltic region

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
T. I. Pototskaya
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
The Baltic

The article analyses oil pipelines, the operation of which intersects the interests of Russia and the Baltic countries (Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, and Poland). By oil pipeline wars we understand the confrontation between the policy of distancing from Russia in oil transportation to Europe and Russia’s policy of creating alternative, more economically effective and safe ways of oil transportation to Europe. Reflecting relations between countries, several groups of oil pipelines have been identified: the main pipelines, alternative ones, and indirectly related to the interests of the Baltic countries. The article describes geographical factors affecting the position of countries in the region analysed: the level of oil supply (Russia), the level of the development of oil refining (Lithuania, Belarus, Poland) and transport and geographical location of the territory. Special attention has been paid to the main instruments used by the countries in this confrontation. The Baltic and the Black Sea strategies of oil export have been analysed from the comparative and geographical points of view. Several important conclusions have been made: there was a redistribution of routes of Russia’s crude oil export to Europe during the post-Soviet period accompanied by an increase in the importance of the marine component (due to the Baltic and the Black Sea ports); there was a weakening of the importance of the Baltic region for Russia’s oil export; and the strengthening of interconnections between Russia’s export oil pipelines. The article stresses the importance of oil pipeline transport for the formation of the barrier function of the state borders of the post-Soviet countries.

scholarly journals Researching Baltic security challenges after the annexation of Crimea

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viljar Veebel
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The West ◽  
Military Studies ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Security Models ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe article aims to provide an insight into academic and military studies that investigate security challenges in the Baltic region after the annexation of Crimea. To do this in a systematic way, numerous academic and military studies and analyses in this field are divided into six broad categories: literature on conventional threat scenarios in the Baltic region; studies on nuclear escalation scenarios; publications that describe Russian viewpoints in the current confrontation with the West; studies that discuss security policy and security perceptions of the Baltic countries and the national security models of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania; studies on anti-access and area denial; and articles that analyse the dilemmas and challenges in association with understanding the essence of deterrence in the context of modern hybrid warfare and the build-up of a viable deterrence model in the Baltic region. In total, about 40 publications from the period between 2014 and 2019 are represented in this article. While some studies are already well known, others have undeservedly remained somewhat overlooked. This article attempts to correct this by highlighting and comparing the results of the most interesting and intriguing studies in this field. Through this, the author strived to maintain a balance between studies conducted both by military experts and by academics.

scholarly journals Analysis of investment activity in the Baltic region

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Current Account ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Investment Income ◽  
The Baltic

The article studies the role of foreign capital in the Baltic countries. The subject of the study is the structure and dynamics of foreign capital in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. The goal is to analyze the influence of foreign capital on the economic development of the Baltic countries. The objective is to consider in more detail the flows of foreign direct investment, portfolio investment and other types of investments, to identify the main investor countries, to consider the balance of payments and to construct regression models of influence of foreign capital on the economic development of countries. General scientific methods are used: scientific abstraction, comparative, method of analysis and synthesis, systematization and generalization, method of calculation, and also a method of regression analysis. The following results are obtained: investment activity is an important component for the economies of the Baltic countries. The leader in attracted capital not only in the region, but also in the EU is Estonia, and in terms of investment abroad – is Lithuania in the Baltic region. The main areas where capital is directed are: financial sector, industrial and IT-technologies. Regression analysis shows that the outflow of capital from the Baltic countries abroad positively affects the development of their economies. Conclusions: the balance of payments regulation for Latvia should take place only by increasing the "credit" part of the current account, and for Lithuania – by increasing both the current account and the investment liabilities, because there is the inverse dependence of GDP on investment income, which is directed to foreign investors in the model for the first country, while for Lithuania there is a direct dependence of exports on investment income abroad.

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