scholarly journals Researching Baltic security challenges after the annexation of Crimea

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viljar Veebel
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The West ◽  
Military Studies ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Security Models ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe article aims to provide an insight into academic and military studies that investigate security challenges in the Baltic region after the annexation of Crimea. To do this in a systematic way, numerous academic and military studies and analyses in this field are divided into six broad categories: literature on conventional threat scenarios in the Baltic region; studies on nuclear escalation scenarios; publications that describe Russian viewpoints in the current confrontation with the West; studies that discuss security policy and security perceptions of the Baltic countries and the national security models of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania; studies on anti-access and area denial; and articles that analyse the dilemmas and challenges in association with understanding the essence of deterrence in the context of modern hybrid warfare and the build-up of a viable deterrence model in the Baltic region. In total, about 40 publications from the period between 2014 and 2019 are represented in this article. While some studies are already well known, others have undeservedly remained somewhat overlooked. This article attempts to correct this by highlighting and comparing the results of the most interesting and intriguing studies in this field. Through this, the author strived to maintain a balance between studies conducted both by military experts and by academics.

scholarly journals Nigeria and the Challenges of Internal Security in the 21st Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Chris I. Nwagboso
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
National Security Policy ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Religious Intolerance ◽  
Security Challenges

This paper examines the various internal security challenges confronting Nigeria in the 21st century. The paper adopts historical method and content analysis to investigate how the abysmal failure of the poorly formulated and ineffectively implemented National Security Policy has hitherto exacerbated internal security challenges in Nigeria. The paper further attempts a critical review of major internal security challenges hitherto confronting the country; such as the Niger Delta crises, kidnapping in the South-East geo-political zone, Jos crises, Boko Haram crises and crises by Fulani Herdsmen in the Northern part of Nigeria. The result of the analysis shows that these internal security challenges have not only been difficult to address by the National Security Policy, but have also impacted negatively on the country's desired socio-economic development in the 21st century. The paper, therefore, recommends among others, the need for a careful review of the Nigeria's National Security Policy that will not only be integrative/comprehensive in outlook, but will also take cognizance of some domestic factors that are currently responsible for internal security problems in the country; such as unemployment, inequality, poverty, fraudulent electoral process, corruption, skewed federalism, porous nature of the Nigeria’s borders, sabotage among politicalelites, bad governance, religious intolerance, citizen-settler controversies, among others.

scholarly journals UKRAINE BETWEEN PEACE AND WAR WITH RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Ilie Răsvan DUMITRU
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
The West ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Limited Warfare ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Peace And War

  After the Crimean Peninsula was invaded and the amplification of conflicts in South-Eastern Ukraine, it has become obvious that Russia's policy is concentrated on preserving its influence and strategic control over the decisions and political directions taken by the States from the former Soviet bloc. To understand the consequences of the Russian-Ukrainian war on the West, as well as to anticipate and counteract a possible future evolution of similar events not only in geopolitical risk states such as Moldavia, but also even in NATO members such as the Baltic countries, Romania or Bulgaria, it is worth paying attention to the geopolitical consequences of the loss of Crimea and the South-Eastern provinces by Ukraine. The article analyses the reason, mechanisms and stakes behind the Russian-Ukrainian war, from both a geopolitical and historical perspective. To understand the way in which different hybrid instruments can be used by the Russian Federation to influence the States in its proximity and, in particular, how their combination leads to effective satisfaction of the aims, it is useful to assess and address the systemic risks and vulnerabilities of States in the concerned areas of Russia and the West in recent years.   Keywords: Ukraine; Russian Federation; Crimea; Russian-Ukrainian war; hybrid warfare; limited warfare; maskirovka.

Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia: socio-economic and political development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Андрей Клемешев ◽  
Andrey Klemeshev ◽  
Геннадий Федоров ◽  
Gennady Fedorov ◽  
Николай Межевич ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The Baltic

The monograph is devoted to topical problems of socio-economic, demographic and political development of Poland and the Baltic countries (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia). The main features and tendencies of development of military-political situation in the Baltic region are considered. It is intended for specialists engaged in studying the economic, political and geopolitical aspects of the development of the Baltic region, teachers and university students.

scholarly journals INTEGRAL SPACES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: POSSIBLE TRENDS OF THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL INTEGRATION IN THE BALTIC REGION

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borisas Melnikas
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Research Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
Integration Strategies ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Technological Space

Regional integration oriented transformations in the Baltic region, as well as the unified social, economic and technological space formation processes are described and analysed. These processes are comprehended as an important factor of further social, economic and technological modernization in the Baltic countries, as a precondition for more intensive and active integration of Baltic economic systems into the European and global economic and technological structures, as well as a knowledge‐based society and knowledge economy creation factor. The arguments determining the idea of the Baltic region community and unity, as well as opposing arguments are evaluated. The main principles of integration in the Baltic region, as well as the possible integration strategies are analysed. The unified social, economic and technological space in the Baltic region as a research area is described.

scholarly journals The Stone Vessels in the Cities of Russian North-West

2018 ◽  
pp. 361-371
Author(s):  
П. Е. Сорокин ◽  
В. И. Кильдюшевский ◽  
В. Н. Матвеев
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
North West ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Russian North ◽  
The Baltic

Сосуды из каменной массы, изготавливавшиеся в городах Северной Германии и получившие в литературе название рейнской керамики, были широко распространены в позднее Средневековье и Новое время в Северной Европе. В русских городах они встречаются значительно реже, причем в основном на Северо-Западе, вовлеченном в балтийскую торговлю. Значительно более широко они представлены в Восточной Прибалтике, Финляндии, а также в городах Выборг, Ниеншанц и Но-тебург, входивших в состав шведских владений. Поступление сосудов из каменной массы в прибалтийские страны отражает торговые и политические процессы в Балтийском регионе. The stone vessels, manufactured in the cities of Northern Germany and got the name of Rhenish ceramics in literature were widespread in the Late Middle Ages and Modern Time in Northern Europe. In Russian cities, they are met much rarer, mostly in the North-West involved in the Baltic trade. Much more commonly they are represented in the Eastern Baltic countries, Finland, and also in the cities of Vyborg, Nyenschantz and Noteburg, which once were part of the Swedish realm. The flow of stone vessels into the Baltic countries reflects trade and political processes in the Baltic region.

scholarly journals Analysis the Impact of National Security Policy and Security Challenges on the Citizens of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-429
Author(s):  
Khuram Shahzad ◽  
Omer Farooq Zain
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
National Security Policy ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Pakistan is considered to below middle an income country in south Asia having a fragile and agro based economy.  Pakistan is encountering various sociopolitical, geo political, socioeconomic and socio-religious issues and challenges which are halting its national security.  . In this regard to counter above mentioned challenges of national security the pioneer defense and NSP (National Security Policy) followed soon after. In the absence of sufficient and particular literature on the subject of national security, the opening part of this research work will first highlight the overarching national interests of Pakistan secondly analysis of the current challenges which are obstructing Pakistan to achieve these national interests and identification of significant threats to national security. In the later part, a comprehensive examination of the current NSP (National Security Policy) of Pakistan and related documents will be done to answer the primary research question that whether this strategic manuscript addresses the major threats to the national security of Pakistan recognized in our research work as the fear of fundamental Islamist terrorism to the tourism industry overseas pressure and planned crime.    

scholarly journals Security trends in Internet of Things: a survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachit ◽  
Shobha Bhatt ◽  
Prakash Rao Ragiri
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Embedded Devices ◽  
Iot Security ◽  
Security Research ◽  
Security Models ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of embedded devices that are uniquely identifiable and have embedded software required to communicate between the transient states. The purpose of this study is to explore discrete IoT security challenges pertaining to currently deployed IoT standards and protocols. We have presented a detailed review in this study that focuses on IoT's imminent security aspects, covering identification of risks pertaining to the current IoT system, novel security protocols, and security projects proffered in recent years. This work presents an updated review of the IoT architecture in the protocols and standards that are proffered for the next-gen IoT systems. A security-specific comparative analysis of protocols, standards, and proffered security models are presented as per IoT security requirements. This study elicits the need for standardization at the communication and data audit level, which exposes the hardware, software, and data to various threats and attacks. Our study reveals a need for protocols that are competent enough to be accorded for over one threat vector. This paper provides an insight into the latest security research trends, which will prove beneficial in the development of IoT security. The research outcomes can benefit the research community in IoT by integrating IoT-based devices' best security aspects.

scholarly journals CYBERSECURITY IN CENTRAL EASTERN EUROPE: FROM IDENTIFYING RISKS TO COUNTERING THREATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnija Tumkevič
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Central European ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
Military Planning ◽  
Securitization Theory ◽  
The Baltic

Today, ensuring security in cyberspace is a top priority of national security policy for most states. States’ approaches to cybersecurity can be divided into two categories: those that regard cybersecurity as a civilian task; and those that involve their militaries in creating or implementing cybersecurity policies. Those states that have incorporated cyberwarfare into their military planning and organization perceive cyberattacks as a threat to their national security, while states that charge their civilian agencies with domestic cybersecurity missions classify cyber intrusions as security risks for only particular sectors. Adopting the framework of securitization theory, this article theorizes both civil and military approaches to cybersecurity and threat perceptions and their sources. The theoretical framework is then applied to a study of the cybersecurity policies of Central European countries and the Baltic States.

Banking Sector of Baltic Countries

2012 ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
V. Olenchenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The Baltic

The author states that Baltic banking sector is notable for its heterogeneity. Under conditions of global financial and economic crisis of 2008–2010 and the problems in the Eurozone this became a factor that is aggravating the crisis processes. In particular, a conclusion is drawn that the situation in Baltic banking sector developed and continues to develop under two scenarios. One is realized by the capital from Nordic countries which dominates in the Baltic region. Other participants of banking sector adhere to another one. Scenarios differ by the objects in view and means used. Generally, a tendency of stagnation of Baltic bank sector’s activity is marked.

Die Wiederkehr der Landes- und Bündnisverteidigung

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
German Army ◽  
Legal Questions ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Crimean Crisis

From homeland defence to crisis intervention—this statement describes the conceptual transformation of the German army and NATO since 1990. The Crimean crisis in 2014 changed this situation, with homeland defence becoming a major concern again. However, the security policy environment, potential threats and the structure of the army and NATO have little in common with the traditional scenario of the Cold War. Entirely new challenges need to be dealt with—from new forms of conflict (asymmetrical and hybrid conflicts, cyber- and information warfare) to NATO’s geography with its vulnerable periphery in the Baltic region. These challenges raise new legal questions, which are discussed in this conference volume. With contributions by Rainer Meyer zum Felde; Wolff Heintschel von Heinegg; Stephan Hobe, Rada Popova; Tassilo Singer; Björnstjern Baade; Jan Arno Hessbruegge; Stefan Oeter; Michael Teichmann

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