Financial analysis of the organization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Наталия Пласкова ◽  
Nataliya Plaskova
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
State Educational ◽  
Commercial Organizations ◽  
Production Organization

The textbook reveals the main theoretical, methodological and practical issues of the discipline "Financial analysis" ("Analysis of financial statements"), provided by the state educational standards of higher education in the areas of "Economics", "Management". The book introduces modern methods and techniques of financial analysis, the practical implementation of which should improve the quality of management of commercial organizations, information and analytical justification of the optimal strategy and tactics of doing business. The materials of the textbook are formed on the basis of the case (end-to-end task) — all practical examples are based on practical reporting data of a real production organization. For students, graduate students of economic specialties, students of the system of professional training and advanced training of accountants, auditors, financial managers, analysts, arbitration managers, practitioners of financial and economic services of business organizations.

scholarly journals EARNINGS MANAGEMENT AS A MANIPULATIVE FORM OF FINANCIAL REPORTING

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1323-1328
Author(s):  
Marija Milojičić ◽  
Snežana Knežević ◽  
Aleksandar Grgur
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
Accounting Principles ◽  
The Republic

The financial statements, as the end product of the accounting information system, are a structural account of the financial position and financial success of an entity's business over a period. Earnings or net profit indicates an important position in the financial statements and is considered as a measure of a company’s success. Earnings management comes from the accounting skills that executives and business owners use when making business decisions. The Generally Accepted Accounting Principles set out in International Accounting Standards (hereinafter IAS) and International Financial Reporting Standards (hereinafter referred to as IFRS) generally give the owner or manager the choice between several accounting methods within the various stages of the accounting process. One of these methods is creative accounting, which is often correlated with the manipulation of financial statements. Creativity in accounting is known to be legal and to stay within the legal framework, but it is often the case that, with its creativity, it is beyond its boundaries. The way managers exercise this discretion is very important to the quality and objectivity of financial reporting.The tendency of the owners, and then the managers, to show the performance of the company better than they really are, is certainly not new. The reason that in the world from the beginning of the 2000s to the present day, both by the scientific and professional public and by the regulatory bodies in charge of financial reporting, particular attention is paid to this problem are the major political and economic scandals caused by the inaccurate presentation of financial statements. It is considered that manipulative accounting practices are applied in the preparation of financial statements when the application of accounting principles is made with the intention of achieving the desired objective, such as, for example, generating greater profit regardless of whether the procedures selected are in accordance with international and local prescribed rules.The prevalence of manipulation of financial statements depends on the situation in the environment, the quality of the normative basis of financial reporting, the quality of management and the ability of accountants to comply with professional and ethical standards. The environment implies the general economic situation, the existence or absence of appropriate legislation, including its implementation, as well as the relation to tax liabilities.The result of the original empirical research is presented in this paper. The research was conducted in the form of a case study of a domestic business entity (the Republic of Serbia), whose main activity is trade in sports and fashion products. The financial analysis was performed using the Beneish model, which was derived from the official financial statements of the companies, collected from publicly available databases (Balance Sheet and Income Statement 2016-2018) as the basic information base in order to discover the degree of possible manipulation of their own earning capacity. This model has become particularly popular since the Beneish M-scoring model revealed the manipulation of the financial results of the US company Enron, which went bankrupt in 2001.

REALIZATION OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF EUROPEAN CERTIFICATE IN PSYCHOLOGY IN PREPARING PRACTICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS IN UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Olga Lozova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Statistical Comparison ◽  
European Standards

The article examines the experience of implementation of requirements of the «European Certificate in Psychology» in educational programs of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University. The upgrade of educational programs is described in the context of unification with European standards for future psychologists training. Programmatic innovations designed to provide for necessary qualifications and competitiveness of future MA holders. Program consist of modules which include: compulsory subjects aimed at creating general and professional competences, optional subjects, different practices and the final student examination. The purpose of the article is to present the experience of practical implementation of educational and professional training program for practical psychologists as the first one in Ukraine that meets the requirements of EuroPsy. The method of proving the effectiveness of the Program was a statistical comparison of performance indicators and quality of students' knowledge conducted in 2016-2017 and 2018-2019 academic years. A comparative analysis of students' marks obtained during two academic years showed the effectiveness of the program. Estimates show a positive trend with the number of «excellent» and «good» marks increasing by 12.64% and 4.59% respectively, and «satisfactorily» marks decreasing by 8.05%. It was concluded that the main contributing factor in the improvement was the students' training in the program.   

scholarly journals Digitalization of education: trends in teacher training

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 12075
Author(s):  
Vladimir Borisenkov ◽  
Olga Gukalenko ◽  
Viktor Pustovoitov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Commercial Organizations ◽  
Personal Interests

Taking into account interstate and national requirements, an analysis of the significance was carried out and trends in the preparation of teachers for professional activity in the context of the digitalization of education were identified. It is noted that the ongoing scientific research affects various areas of training future teachers, however, they mainly consider certain aspects of professional training of teachers. Among the promising directions for the development of the process of training teachers are identified: the development of methodological concepts, strategic national projects and programs for the training of teachers, taking into account the prospects for economic development, digitalization of society and the education system; the transition to understanding the digitalization of professional pedagogical education as a process that includes the formation of future teachers’ personal readiness for professional activity in the context of the digitalization of society and education; provision of the process of training pedagogical personnel with hardware, network and software resources adequate to the needs; reducing the level of academic load on teachers who train teachers; improving the quality of professional pedagogical education based on personalization and targeting; ensuring the parity of interests of commercial organizations, state and public institutions, personal interests of future teachers; purposeful formation of future teachers’ competence in the design and modernization of educational space based on IR technologies; formation of professional competence among future teachers in the field of ensuring the protection of children and youth in the information space.

scholarly journals Correction of Accounting Errors through Post Balance Sheet Event Analysis for Romanian Companies

Economies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Laura Zlati ◽  
Valentin Marian Antohi ◽  
Petronela Cardon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Model ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Accounting Errors

The study scope is to present the typology of the events analyzed through our research and their impact on the quality of reported financial data. The objectives of the study are to analyze the vulnerability of enterprises according to methodological criteria such as risks and calculations of the risk profile, as well as to establish the necessary measures for correcting the accounting errors based on the conclusions drawn from the analysis. The method used is prospective, financial analysis of the data taken from the financial statements of the companies included in the sample, dynamic for a period of 6 years (2011–2016). Based on the method used, a risk model has been conceptualized to identify the vulnerabilities and risks reported in the financial statements and to define a company risk profile based on which error correction measures can be adopted. Considering the amplitude of the necessary check-ups and the methodology of the imposed accounting treatments, we believe that the topic addressed is a real area of interest for the professional accountants because it organizes the application procedures and limits the impact of errors on the quality of financial reporting in Romania.

scholarly journals Modern approaches to professional development of teachers of higher educational institutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Korepanova ◽  
Natalya V. Shuvalova
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Current System ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Educational

Professional development is one of the types of professional training for University teachers to develop their level of theoretical knowledge and competencies, improve practical skills and abilities that increase in accordance with the requirements of state educational standards for the quality of education in higher education institutions. This article attempts to review and analyze the current system of professional development in Russia, various approaches to its organization, technologies and forms. The combination of professional knowledge and information and communication technical skills is extremely important today for the professional and personal development of staff of higher educational institutions and improving the quality of training of students. Despite serious theoretical justification and diverse experience of professional development of teaching staff in universities, the current system, as practice has shown, is far behind the requirements of the time and needs urgent improvement, both in the content of courses of disciplines and in their practical implementation.

scholarly journals Quality of professional training of IT specialists: strategy for interaction between employers and secondary vocational education

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
R. I. Nuretdinov
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Secondary Vocational Education ◽  
Educational Standard ◽  
State Educational

The article is devoted to the problem of the quality of vocational training of graduates of educational institutions of secondary vocational education in the field of information technology. The urgency of the problem is the fact that the popularity of secondary vocational education in the field of information technology is growing: every year a large number of middle-level specialists enter the labor market, who are required to be ready to work, adaptability to work's conditions, which minimizes the need to retrain them. There is a need to control the quality of education and the results of professional training of graduates. The article analyzes the documents regulating the educational process of secondary vocational education on the example of the specialty 09.02.07 Information systems and programming: the decree of the government of the Russian Federation On the approval of the state educational standard of secondary vocational education, the procedure for organizing educational activities in educational programs of secondary vocational education, order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia On the approval of the list of the 50 most in demand in the labor market, new and promising professions requiring secondary vocational education, federal state educational standard for the specialty 09.02.07 Information systems and programming, the order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia On the approval of the professional standard Programmer. The conclusion is made that educational institutions have the ability to ensure the quality of vocational training if they involve employers and specialists from the industry close to the educational program in the educational process. However, educational institutions should involve external, independent experts from the industry to organize the educational process and monitor its results.

scholarly journals Methodology for Preparation of Audit Entities to External Control of the Quality of Audit Services

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-130
Author(s):  
О. Ye. Lubenchenko ◽  
А. V. Lysiuk
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Control System ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quality Control System ◽  
External Control ◽  
The Law ◽  
Quality Controller

The requirements to the system of control over the quality of audit services are analyzed, which are specified in the Law of Ukraine “Audit of Financial Statements and Auditing” from 21.12.2017 No 2258-VIII; Directive of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine “Approval of the Procedure for Inspection of the Quality Control of Audit Services” from 29.08.2019 No 362; Resolution of the Council for Supervision over Auditing at the State Institution “The Body of Public Supervision over Auditing” from 30.08.2019 No 6/7/13 “Information Questionnaire of Auditing Entity”. It is demonstrated that the quality control system requires corrections of the following: responsibilities of administration and staff of auditing entities for use of the adopted intra-firm provisions on the quality control system, requirements of ISQC1, IAS, the Law of Ukraine “Audit of Financial Statements and Auditing”; the requirements to staff (quality controller, reviewer, assignment partner); identification of threats to the independence and the auditor’s response on the assessed threats; the requirements to reviews of complaints, complicated issues; issues related with non-stop professional training of auditors. Special attention of auditors need to be drawn to the fact that the policies and procedures of the quality control system do not have to be confined to the audit of financial statements, but have to apply to other assignments on giving confidence and related auditor services. Besides that, assessment of threats to the independence has to be conducted for non-auditor services specified in Article 6 of the aforementioned Law of Ukraine. The studies conducted by the author allowed to elaborate procedures for quality control of auditor services; measures to stimulate staff of auditing entities to scrutinize requirements to implementation of the quality control system; obligating documents of auditing firms on assessment of ethical threats; sharing of duties among assignment group members; requirements to qualification of the key partner, quality controller; identification of auditor assignments; solutions of complicated issues and their documenting,  measures on control of the assignment at the final phase and quality control of the assignment. The proposed measures are supposed to help auditing entities revise the already operating quality control systems in a timely manner, which will facilitate supply of high quality information to all the users of auditing reports, external quality controllers from the Body of Public Supervision over Auditing and the Auditor Chamber of Ukraine.

Model of the Formation of Deontological Readiness of Future Physical and Occupational Therapists for the Implementation of Professional Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 308-316
Author(s):  
O. Bespalova ◽  
◽  
N. Zakalyak ◽  
А. Kolesnik ◽  
А. Sitovskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Professional Activities

In the course of terminological analysis, the content of the concepts "modeling" and "model" was substantiated, the author's model of formation of deontological readiness of future physical and occupational therapists for professional activity was theoretically substantiated and developed, aimed at improving the quality of professional training in the formation of deontological behavior. Material and methods: theoretical analysis and systematization of scientific data of modern domestic psychological-pedagogical, methodical and specially-profiled literature for studying the relevance and state of development of the outlined problem; structural analysis to determine the structure of deontological readiness with its constituent components; modeling method for the development of a model for the formation of deontological readiness of future bachelors in physical therapy, occupational therapy to carry out professional activities. Results and discussion. The model includes target (purpose and tasks), content-technological (methodological approaches, pedagogical conditions, principles, stages of formation, forms, methods and means of organizing students' learning activities), diagnostic (criteria, indicators and levels of formation) and effective (deontological readiness), which are aimed at optimizing the educational process of students. The purpose of the developed model is to form deontological readiness of future physical and occupational therapists for professional activity. The tasks included: increasing the motivation of physical and occupational therapists to educational activities in general and mastering the theoretical basis of deontological knowledge in particular, as well as the orientation of interests and needs to form a deontological position in relation to the subjects of professional activity; formation of a holistic system of deontological knowledge necessary for the implementation of appropriate professional conduct in professional activities; development of professionally significant individual qualities and formation of professional orientation of personality; development of skills and formation of experience in building deontological relations in the process of professional interaction. Theoretical and methodological basis were: systemic, axiological, personal, deontological and competency approaches; general didactic (clarity, systematicity and consistency, accessibility, feasibility, activity and consciousness, science-based, individualization, collectivity, problems, developmental learning) and specific (principle of social conditionality, principle of humanization, principle of strength of knowledge acquisition, principle of practical orientation of learning, and situation-based) principles. Criteria (motivational, theoretical, personal, praxiological) and indicators were determined in accordance with the structural components of deontological readiness. Conclusion. The practical implementation of the developed model for the formation of their deontological readiness will increase the level of professional competence of these specialists

Economic analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Plaskova ◽  
Natal'ya Prodanova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
State Educational ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The textbook reveals the theoretical foundations of economic analysis, modern methods and techniques of financial and managerial analysis of the activities of economic entities. The development of materials by students is necessary in their further practical activities, will contribute to improving the quality of analytical work in organizations of various industries and organizational and legal forms, and serve as a justification for the optimal strategy and tactics of doing business. It contains theoretical, methodological and practical questions of the basic academic discipline "Economic Analysis". Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For bachelors studying in the fields of "Economics", "Management", "State and Municipal Management", "Economic Security".

scholarly journals Evaluation of professional competence of future chemistry teachers in the current context

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Mariia Arzhakova ◽  
Kseniya Egorovna Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Evaluation Tools ◽  
Chemistry Teachers ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Educational Standard ◽  
Current Context ◽  
State Educational

The implementation in the higher school of such new normative documents as Federal State Educational Standard, unit standard and others, set the goal for realization of competence approach in education. At the same time, such competence as the expected results serve as the evidentiary base for guaranteeing the quality of graduates training. There is currently no unified standard for assessing the quality of education overall. The subject of this research is the formation and assessment of formedness of professional competences of students on the discipline 44.03.01 Pedagogical Education with major in Chemistry and 44.03.05 Pedagogical Education with major in Biology and Chemistry.  The goal of this research consists in formation of professional competence of students in the conditions of a classical university through creation of the system of occupational assignments. For the development of theoretical platform of research, special attention is given to the theoretical questions of formation of professional competence of students majoring in pedagogy. The author describes the requirements to evaluation tools and the structure of evaluation tools. The article employs the general theoretical methods of summarization, systematization, analysis, and comparison. The scientific novelty consists in outlining approaches towards solution of the problem of formation of professional competence of the students majoring in pedagogy in the conditions of a classical university; determination of criteria and indicators of professional training of future chemistry teachers in the context of implementation of the new educational policy. The conclusion is made that the practice-oriented educational institutions are one of the means of formation and evaluation of the formedness of professional competences of the students majoring in pedagogy.

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