scholarly journals Decrease in Life Expectancy in Germany in 2020: Men from Eastern Germany Most Affected

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Luy ◽  
Markus Sauerberg ◽  
Magdalena Muszyńska-Spielauer ◽  
Vanessa Di Lego
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Eastern Germany ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The World ◽  
Western Germany

The COVID-19 pandemic caused an increase in mortality in 2020 with a resultant decrease in life expectancy in most countries around the world. In Germany, the reduction in life expectancy at birth between 2019 and 2020 was comparatively small, at -0.20 years. The decrease was stronger among men than among women (-0.24 vs. -0.13 years) and in eastern rather than in western Germany (-0.36 vs. -0.16 years). Men in eastern Germany experienced the biggest decline in life expectancy at birth (-0.41 years). For western German men, the decline was less pronounced (-0.19 years). Among women, the decline in life expectancy at birth was also greater in eastern (-0.25 years) than in western Germany (-0.10 years). As a result of these developments, the differences in life expectancy between the two parts of Germany, and between women and men, increased compared with the previous year. Life expectancy at age 65 decreased more strongly than life expectancy at birth for both sexes and in all regions. This reflects the fact that it was mainly older age groups that were affected by the increase in mortality in 2020. This paper provides further insights into mortality changes in 2020, based on age decomposition and an analysis of lifespan inequality. We conclude that the population in eastern Germany was hit harder by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 than the population in the western Germany.

scholarly journals Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in the Elderly

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Morillo
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Older Age ◽  
World Population ◽  
Epilepsy In The Elderly ◽  
The World

The incidence of epilepsy has bimodal distribution peaking at the extremes of life. Incidence is greater in younger and older age groups (Hauser et al., 1993, Sidenvall et al., 1993, Forsgren et al., 1996, and Olafsson et al., 2005). As the world population ages more elders with epilepsy will be identified. In the high-income countries with longer life expectancy, the number of elders with epilepsy will be even higher. CPSs account for 40% of all seizure types in the elderly (Hauser et al., 1992); however, the proportion with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is uncertain.

scholarly journals The decomposition of life expectancy for age and cause of death in Tuscany, Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Nante ◽  
L Kundisova ◽  
F Gori ◽  
A Martini ◽  
F Battisti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Reduction Of Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Changing of life expectancy at birth (LE) over time reflects variations of mortality rates of a certain population. Italy is amongst the countries with the highest LE, Tuscany ranks fifth at the national level. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the impact of various causes of death in different age groups on the change in LE in the Tuscany region (Italy) during period 1987-2015. Material and methods Mortality data relative to residents that died during the period between 1987/1989 and 2013/2015 were provided by the Tuscan Regional Mortality Registry. The causes of death taken into consideration were cardiovascular (CVS), respiratory (RESP) and infective (INF) diseases and cancer (TUM). The decomposition of LE gain was realized with software Epidat, using the Pollard’s method. Results The overall LE gain during the period between two three-years periods was 6.7 years for males, with a major gain between 65-89, and 4.5 years for females, mainly improved between 75-89, <1 year for both sexes. The major gain (2.6 years) was attributable to the reduction of mortality for CVS, followed by TUM (1.76 in males and 0.83 in females) and RESP (0.4 in males; 0.1 in females). The major loss of years of LE was attributable to INF (-0.15 in females; -0.07 in males) and lung cancer in females (-0.13), for which the opposite result was observed for males (gain of 0.62 years of LE). Conclusions During the study period (1987-2015) the gain in LE was major for males. To the reduction of mortality for CVS have contributed to the tempestuous treatment of acute CVS events and secondary CVS prevention. For TUM the result is attributable to the adherence of population to oncologic screening programmes. The excess of mortality for INF that lead to the loss of LE can be attributed to the passage from ICD-9 to ICD-10 in 2003 (higher sensibility of ICD-10) and to the diffusion of multi-drug resistant bacteria, which lead to elevated mortality in these years. Key messages The gain in LE during the period the 1987-2015 was higher in males. The major contribution to gain in LE was due to a reduction of mortality for CVS diseases.

scholarly journals Starvation in childhood and obesity in senior age

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Lidya P. Khoroshinina ◽  
Alexander V. Shabrov ◽  
Leonid G. Buynov
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Group ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Obese People ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Subcutaneous Layer ◽  
The Common ◽  
Severe Degree

The problem of children's starvation remains relevant and actual at the present time, as in the 21st century experts from the leading countries of the world coordinate their efforts to create programs aimed at eliminating extreme poverty and hunger of. At the same time, the analysis of obesity prevalence typical for the population of some countries of the world, indicates an increase in the number of obese people in both economically developed and developing countries. In this article we are talking about the common severe degree of abdominal obesity in people of older age groups, survivors in childhood, long periods of fasting. Studied 594 history and Protocol of autopsy of people in older age groups, born from 1927 to 1941 and the dead on the hospital for war veterans in St. Petersburg from 1989 to 2000. The whole array of documents was structured by sex, age, the fact of living in the blockaded Leningrad. Severe degree of obesity was considered to be exceeded more than 7 cm of thickness of deep abdominal subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue. It is well established that former young residents of the besieged Leningrad, regardless of gender, age, die sooner than men and women in the comparison groups; men who survived long periods of starvation in children, were dying earlier than men in the comparison group and earlier than women of the main group; women who have experienced a long period of starvation before the age of 11 years, often dying because of cardiovascular diseases than women in the corresponding subgroup comparisons; the emergence of pronounced obesity in older age-governmental groups from the former young residents of the blockaded Leningrad, determined by elk not only the fact of prolonged fasting, but child sex and age, which accounted for starvation.

scholarly journals Beyond standardized mortality ratios; some uses of smoothed age-specific mortality rates on small areas studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Perez-Panades ◽  
Paloma Botella-Rocamora ◽  
Miguel Angel Martinez-Beneito
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
First Case ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratios

Abstract Background Most epidemiological risk indicators strongly depend on the age composition of populations, which makes the direct comparison of raw (unstandardized) indicators misleading because of the different age structures of the spatial units of study. Age-standardized rates (ASR) are a common solution for overcoming this confusing effect. The main drawback of ASRs is that they depend on age-specific rates which, when working with small areas, are often based on very few, or no, observed cases for most age groups. A similar effect occurs with life expectancy at birth and many more epidemiological indicators, which makes standardized mortality ratios (SMR) the omnipresent risk indicator for small areas epidemiologic studies. Methods To deal with this issue, a multivariate smoothing model, the M-model, is proposed in order to fit the age-specific probabilities of death (PoDs) for each spatial unit, which assumes dependence between closer age groups and spatial units. This age–space dependence structure enables information to be transferred between neighboring consecutive age groups and neighboring areas, at the same time, providing more reliable age-specific PoDs estimates. Results Three case studies are presented to illustrate the wide range of applications that smoothed age specific PoDs have in practice . The first case study shows the application of the model to a geographical study of lung cancer mortality in women. This study illustrates the convenience of considering age–space interactions in geographical studies and to explore the different spatial risk patterns shown by the different age groups. Second, the model is also applied to the study of ischaemic heart disease mortality in women in two cities at the census tract level. Smoothed age-standardized rates are derived and compared for the census tracts of both cities, illustrating some advantages of this mortality indicator over traditional SMRs. In the latest case study, the model is applied to estimate smoothed life expectancy (LE), which is the most widely used synthetic indicator for characterizing overall mortality differences when (not so small) spatial units are considered. Conclusion Our age–space model is an appropriate and flexible proposal that provides more reliable estimates of the probabilities of death, which allow the calculation of enhanced epidemiological indicators (smoothed ASR, smoothed LE), thus providing alternatives to traditional SMR-based studies of small areas.

Socioeconomic factors affecting the longevity of the Japanese population: a study for 1980 and 1985

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiichi Uchida ◽  
Shunichi Araki ◽  
Katsuyuki Murata
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Income ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Males And Females

SummaryThe effects of urbanisation, low income and rejuvenation of the population on life expectancy at birth and at 20, 40 and 65 years of age for males and females in Japan were examined twice, in 1980 and 1985. For males, urbanisation was the major factor determining life expectancy at birth and at age 20 years, and low income was the key determinant of decreased life expectancy except at 65 years of age. For females high income was the factor significantly decreasing life expectancy at 65 years of age in 1980, and rejuvenation of the population inversely influenced life expectancy except at birth in 1985. Life expectancy for all age groups in 1985 was significantly longer than in 1980 for both males and females.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy in Madrid (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergi Trias-Llimós ◽  
Usama Bilal
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Daily Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mortality Surveillance ◽  
Annual Mortality

The COVID-19 pandemic is causing substantial increases in mortality across populations, potentially causing stagnation or decline in life expectancy. We explored this idea by examining the impact of excess mortality linked to the COVID-19 crisis on life expectancy in the region of Madrid (Spain). Using data from the Daily Mortality Surveillance System (MoMo), we calculated excess mortality (death counts) for the weeks 10th to 14th in 2020 using data on expected and observed mortality, assuming no further excess mortality during the rest of the year. The expected annual mortality variation was +6%, +21% and +25% among men aged under 65, between 65 and 74 and over 75, respectively, and +5%, +13%, and 18% for women, respectively. This excess mortality during weeks 10th to 14th resulted in a life expectancy at birth decline of 1.6 years among men and 1.1 years among women. These estimates confirm that Madrid and other severely hit regions in the world may face substantial life expectancy declines.

GeroPsychology

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Well Being ◽  
European Population ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The World ◽  
Year 2000

Europe is the oldest continent in the world; in the year 2000, about 17% of Europeans (EU-15) were older than 65, and projections say that in the year 2025 one-fourth of the European population will have reached this age. Nevertheless, the threat to the population is not aging but disability; although life expectancy at birth is about 80, the expected number of years with disability runs from 5.7 to 7.2 years ( WHO, 2002 ). The United Nations recently approved the II International Plan of Action on Aging (MIPAA, UN, 2002) with special recommendation for the European region. This situation is highly demanding both for the science of psychology and for European psychologists. This article introduces a set of research programs - linked with the three priority directions of the MIPAA - as examples of how psychology is one of the disciplines calling for improved quality of life and well-being in old age and, therefore, GeroPsychology as an applied field should be consolidated in the next decades.

scholarly journals Mask is a must: the need of protection and safety against COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mairre Louie D Punsalan ◽  
Angelyn T Salunga
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Short Article ◽  
The World

Abstract As the strict quarantine measures ease and the availability of vaccines, reports have proposed that people of varying ages are now less likely to wear mask despite its added protection and safety against COVID-19. In a recent short article published, it was found out that older age groups may less likely to wear face masks in comparison with the younger ones. The importance of face masks must always be geared toward better health outcomes and safety precautions of wearing face mask as the world battles with the pandemic. With varying studies, face mask can be an essential means to mitigate the spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Gender gap in life expectancy in India and role of age groups: A comparison between before and after male – female life expectancy at birth crossover

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260657
Author(s):  
Girimallika Borah
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Female Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Before And After

To assess the gender gap in life expectancy at birth in India and its major states as well as the timing of male-female life expectancy at birth crossover. To analyze the age-specific contributions to the changing gender differences before and after the crossover at the national and sub-national levels. We have used sample-survey-based age-specific mortality data available for the periods 1970–2018 to construct abridged life tables. The contribution of different age groups to the gender gap is estimated by using Arriaga’s method of decomposition. During 1981–85 female life expectancy at birth caught up with male life expectancy at birth for India and by 2005 all major states completed the crossover. The male-female crossover in life expectancy at the national level in the early 80s is remarkable in the face of continued female disadvantage from birth till adolescence, even for some richer states. We provide evidence that gender difference in longevity in favour of females is largely a function of adult age groups and younger age groups contribute negatively to the gender gap in life expectancy at birth in most states. Juxtaposing the results from contribution in an absolute number of years and their relative contribution change before and after the crossover, it is established that although the adult and old age groups contribute the highest in the absolute number of years before and after the crossover, the contribution of the reproductive age groups and childhood years in the recent time is most relevant in relative terms.

scholarly journals A Decomposition of Life Expectancy and Life Disparity: Comparison Between Hong Kong and Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zheng ◽  
Mengni Chen ◽  
Paul SF Yip
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Great Improvement ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
The World ◽  
Dominant Influence

Background: Life expectancy and life disparity are 2 useful indicators to assess the health condition of a society. Both Hong Kong and Japan have one of the longest life expectancies in the world. Recently, Hong Kong has overtaken Japan and topped the life expectancy rankings. However, whether Hong Kong has also outperformed Japan in life disparity is still unknown. Methods: Decomposition analyses have been conducted to evaluate age-specific contributions to the changes in life expectancy and life disparity for each of the populations. Furthermore, the differences between the 2 populations were examined over the period 1977-2016. Results: Reduction in mortality of the adult and the old age groups contributes most to the increase in life expectancy for the study period. Hong Kong has a higher life disparity than Japan, and due to the great improvement in reducing premature deaths, the Hong Kong-Japan gap has been narrowing. However, in recent years, further reduction in mortality of the oldest elderly in Hong Kong has actually contributed to the increase in its disparity, thus widening its gap with Japan again. Conclusion: Increasing dominant influence of "saving lives at late ages" is very likely to cause the reemergence of increasing life disparity in these 2 long-lived populations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document