scholarly journals Brain tumors risk factors - current state of knowledge review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Zygmunt Siedlecki ◽  
Małgorzata Szafrańska ◽  
Emilia Główczewska-Siedlecka ◽  
Maciej Śniegocki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
The Public ◽  
Current State

Brain tumors cause widespread apprehension in society, associated with poor prognosis and death. Laymen most often associate them with glioblastoma multiforme which is in fact the most common malignant primary brain tumor (formerly it was considered the most common primary brain tumor, now it is thought that meningiomas are the most common). The interest of both the public and physicians is aroused by potential brain tumors risk factors. The only evidence based risk factor is ionizing radiation of head and neck. Other risk factors are also under consideration, however are not conclusive and different studies give different results. Given the widespread apprehension of brain tumors, knowledge of the risk factors seems obvious. In this manuscript, we have reviewed the current state of knowledge aboutf risk factors based on research. They confirm that apart from ionizing radiation, the existence of other risk factors is considered: cell phones, electromagnetic field, occupational exposure to raw meat, viruses. However, all these risk factors are not confirmed by reference results.

scholarly journals Postoperative Hypoalbuminemia: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Association with Postoperative Pneumonia in Brain Tumors Patients Undergoing Craniotomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-wei Zhao ◽  
Xu-yang Zhang ◽  
Kai-yan Wei ◽  
Yi-bin Jiang ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Postoperative Pneumonia ◽  
Tumor Surgery ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Brain Tumor Surgery ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Preoperative Albumin

Abstract Hypoalbuminemia is associatied with poor outcome in patients undergoing surgery intervention. The main aim for this study was to investigate the incidence and the risk factors of postoperative hypoalbuminemia and assessed the impact of postoperative hypoalbuminemia on complications in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery. This retrospective study included 372 consecutive patients who underwent brain tumors surgery from January 2017 to December 2019. The patients were divided into hypoalbuminemia (< 35 g/L) and non-hypoalbuminemia group (≥ 35 g/L) based on postoperative albumin levels. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine risk factors. Of the total 372 patients, 333 (89.5%) developed hypoalbuminemia after surgery. Hypoalbuminemia was associated with operation time (OR 1.011, P < 0.001), preoperative albumin (OR 0.864, P = 0.015) and peroperative globulin (OR 1.192, P = 0.004). Postoperative pneumonia had a higher incidence in patients with than without hypoalbuminemia (41.1% vs 23.1%, P = 0.029). The independent predictors of postoperative pneumonia were age (OR 1.053, P < 0.001), operation time (OR 1.003, P = 0.013) and lower postoperative albumin (OR 0.946, P = 0.018). Postoperative hypoalbuminemia has a higher incidence with the increase of operation time, and is associated with postoperative pneumonia in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery.

Role of Hospital Medicine in Management of Intracranial Brain Tumors

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Donald Y. Ye ◽  
Thana Theofanis ◽  
Tomas Garzon-Muvdi ◽  
James J. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Hospital Medicine ◽  
Intracranial Tumors ◽  
Medical Oncologists ◽  
Insight Into

Intracranial tumors reflect a broad range of benign and malignant processes that are often managed by neurosurgeons and medical oncologists. Patients presenting with new brain tumors will undergo biopsies or resection for tissue diagnosis and resolution of neurological symptoms. These patients have significant perioperative risk factors that must be addressed to ensure the best possible outcomes. Hospitalists play a pivotal role in identifying these risk factors and offering management strategies prior to the development of an operative plan. This chapter provides insight into the range of preoperative considerations and postoperative complications that a hospitalist may face when managing brain tumor patients.

scholarly journals BRAF Mutations and the Utility of RAF and MEK Inhibitors in Primary Brain Tumors

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karisa C. Schreck ◽  
Stuart A. Grossman ◽  
Christine A. Pratilas
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Braf Mutations ◽  
Mek Inhibitors ◽  
Primary Brain Tumors ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Oncogenic Mutations ◽  
Tumor Types

BRAF mutations have been identified as targetable, oncogenic mutations in many cancers. Given the paucity of treatments for primary brain tumors and the poor prognosis associated with high-grade gliomas, BRAF mutations in glioma are of considerable interest. In this review, we present the spectrum of BRAF mutations and fusion alterations present in each class of primary brain tumor based on publicly available databases and publications. We also summarize clinical experience with RAF and MEK inhibitors in patients with primary brain tumors and describe ongoing clinical trials of RAF inhibitors in glioma. Sensitivity to RAF and MEK inhibitors varies among BRAF mutations and between tumor types as only class I BRAF V600 mutations are sensitive to clinically available RAF inhibitors. While class II and III BRAF mutations are found in primary brain tumors, further research is necessary to determine their sensitivity to third-generation RAF inhibitors and/or MEK inhibitors. We recommend that the neuro-oncologist consider using these drugs primarily in the setting of a clinical trial for patients with BRAF-altered glioma in order to advance our knowledge of their efficacy in this patient population.

scholarly journals PIWI-interacting RNAs and PIWI proteins in glioma: molecular pathogenesis and role as biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Reza Tamtaji ◽  
Mohammad Behnam ◽  
Mohammad Ali Pourattar ◽  
Michael R. Hamblin ◽  
Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Cellular Pathways

AbstractGlioma is the most common primary brain tumor, and is a major health problem throughout the world. Today, researchers have discovered many risk factors that are associated with the initiation and progression of gliomas. Studies have shown that PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and PIWI proteins are involved in tumorigenesis by epigenetic mechanisms. Hence, it seems that piRNAs and PIWI proteins may be potential prognostic, diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers in the treatment of glioma. Previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between piRNAs and PIWI proteins and some of the molecular and cellular pathways in glioma. Here, we summarize recent evidence and evaluate the molecular mechanisms by which piRNAs and PIWI proteins are involved in glioma.

scholarly journals Risk factors for childhood and adult primary brain tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1357-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quinn T Ostrom ◽  
Maral Adel Fahmideh ◽  
David J Cote ◽  
Ivo S Muskens ◽  
Jeremy M Schraw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Brain Tumors ◽  
Clinical Databases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract Primary brain tumors account for ~1% of new cancer cases and ~2% of cancer deaths in the United States; however, they are the most commonly occurring solid tumors in children. These tumors are very heterogeneous and can be broadly classified into malignant and benign (or non-malignant), and specific histologies vary in frequency by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Epidemiological studies have explored numerous potential risk factors, and thus far the only validated associations for brain tumors are ionizing radiation (which increases risk in both adults and children) and history of allergies (which decreases risk in adults). Studies of genetic risk factors have identified 32 germline variants associated with increased risk for these tumors in adults (25 in glioma, 2 in meningioma, 3 in pituitary adenoma, and 2 in primary CNS lymphoma), and further studies are currently under way for other histologic subtypes, as well as for various childhood brain tumors. While identifying risk factors for these tumors is difficult due to their rarity, many existing datasets can be leveraged for future discoveries in multi-institutional collaborations. Many institutions are continuing to develop large clinical databases including pre-diagnostic risk factor data, and developments in molecular characterization of tumor subtypes continue to allow for investigation of more refined phenotypes. Key Point 1. Brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors that vary significantly in incidence by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.2. The only well-validated risk factors for brain tumors are ionizing radiation (which increases risk in adults and children) and history of allergies (which decreases risk).3. Genome-wide association studies have identified 32 histology-specific inherited genetic variants associated with increased risk of these tumors.

scholarly journals PS1 - 188 Rehabilitation Consultation: An Integrated Model for Addressing Rehabilitation Concerns in the Primary Brain Tumor Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (S4) ◽  
pp. S9-S10
Author(s):  
I. Lax ◽  
M. Daniels ◽  
C. Kanter ◽  
W. Mason ◽  
K. Edelstein
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Primary Brain Tumors ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Consultation Model ◽  
Oncology Treatment

Individuals with primary brain tumors experience a range of physical, cognitive and psychosocial sequelae which impact their independence, safety and quality of life. These impairments may be addressed through rehabilitation intervention. Despite acknowledgement that timely rehabilitation services over the course of the disease process is of benefit, few outpatient neuro-oncology treatment teams include a rehabilitation professional. Purpose: The aims are: (1) to describe a rehabilitation consultation model of care integrated into outpatient neuro-oncology treatment for individuals with primary brain tumors; and (2) to describe the characteristics of individuals referred for rehabilitation services. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study examined data from 200 individuals that received rehabilitation consultation from January 2015 to March 2016 at Princess Margaret Hospital, Pencer Brain Tumor Centre. Information on patient demographics, referral characteristics, and number of patient care visits was collected. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Preliminary Results: Of all patients, (n=195), the most common diagnosis is glioblastoma, 39% (n=76), and 50% are 50-69 years of age (M=55, SD=15.0). The most common reason for initial referral was decline in physical functioning, strength and balance (41%). In 77% of cases, patients were seen immediately at the time of referral. In total, 540 consultations were completed (face-to-face=230, telephone=310) with 2.78 on average (SD=4.0) per patient. Conclusion: Given the range of symptoms that individuals with primary brain tumors experience coupled with changes in functional status as the disease progresses, integrated and timely rehabilitation consultation is feasible.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document