scholarly journals Anton Leopold Ruprecht - a chemist, mineralogist, metallurgist and a distinguished personality of the chemical revolution in the 18th century

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Jozef Čársky ◽  
Ivan Herčko
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Production Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mining Law ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Technological Methods ◽  
Oxidation Theory

<p>Based on Empress Maria Theresa’s order (of December 13, 1762) the first higher school institution specialised in technical education in Europewith the Department of Chemistry, Mineralogy and Metallurgy was founded in Schemnitz (present-day Banská Štiavnica) in 1763. The efforts to educate highly qualified technicians in mining, metallurgy and related fields in Austria-Hungary was crowned by foundation of this school, which in 1770 (after establishment of the Department of Mathematics, Mechanics and Hydraulics, and the Department of Mining Art and Mining Law) changed its name to a loud-sounding <strong>the Mining and Forestry Academy</strong>. Within a relatively short time, the school achieved a European recognition also by its research activities. Its particular importance emerged from the application of new scientific knowledge and development of progressive technological methods performed due to research outcomes. The school was characterised by adopting experimental methods based on measuring and weighing, and thus contributed significantly to revolutionary changes of scientific understanding of chemical processes, to supporting of Lavoisier’s oxidation theory and to discarding of the phlogiston interpretation of combustion. In the rich history of the Mining Academy since its foundation, the top positions were held by eminent and internationally recognized authorities who provided not only theoretical and practical teaching and training, but also research activities linked to the production practice – <strong>Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, Giovanni Antonio Scopoli, and particularly</strong> <strong>Anton Leopold von Ruprecht </strong>(1 – 10).</p>

FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL ARCHITECTURE IN THE FORMER KETSKAYA VOLOST

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Sitnikova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rural Architecture ◽  
The Village ◽  
Rich History

The article considers the historical and cultural heritage of villages of the former Ketskaya volost, which is currently a part of the Tomsk region. The formation of Ketsky prison and the architecture of large settlements of the former Ketskaya volost are studied. Little is known about the historical and cultural heritage of villages of the Tomsk region and the problems of preserving historical settlements of the country.The aim of this work is to study the formation and development of the village architecture of the former Ketskaya volost, currently included in the Tomsk region.The following scientific methods are used: a critical analysis of the literature, comparative architectural analysis and systems analysis of information, creative synthesis of the findings. The obtained results can be used in preparation of lectures, reports and communication on the history of the Siberian architecture.The scientific novelty is a study of the historical and cultural heritage of large settlements of the former Ketskaya volost, which has not been studied and published before. The methodological and theoretical basis of the study is theoretical works of historians and architects regarding the issue under study as well as the previous  author’s work in the field.It is found that the historical and cultural heritage of the villages of the former Ketskaya volost has a rich history. Old historical buildings, including religious ones are preserved in villages of Togur and Novoilinka. The urban planning of the villages reflects the design and construction principles of the 18th century. The rich natural environment gives this area a special touch. 

Allusions to the Victim and Sacrifice in the Andrey Kurbsky’s History and Reception of the 17th — Early 18th Centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 186-207
Author(s):  
Alexey I. Popovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interpretation Process ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Ivan The Terrible ◽  
Definition Of

The literary topoi and allusions to the victim and sacrifice in the biblical and historical context at the same time played a great role for Andrey Kurbsky as a traditionalist and innovator writer in the embodiment of the complex author’s intention of the History of the Grand Prince of Moscow (the second half of the 16th century). The article notes that the writer distinguishes, as opposites, the axiology of sacrificial feat for power doer and persecuted heroes. The article reveals the diverse reception of the author’s interpretation by readers and scribes of History. Kurbsky’s contemporaries and readers of the late 17th — early 18th century had different attitudes toward Kurbsky’s definition of the personality of Ivan the Terrible who makes unrighteous victims and the characterization of people affected by him as new martyrs. The rich handwritten tradition of History, including as part of the Kurbsky Collections, contributed to the emergence of new reader’s interpretations based on literary topoi and allusions used by Kurbsky. The intellectuals of the ‘transitional’ period A.S. Matveev, Evfimy Chudovsky, A.I. Lyzlov, V.V. Golitsyn and others were involved in this process. Textological and typological comparisons of certain monuments and Kurbsky’s History contributed to a deeper understanding of the literary context of the time when the prince’s writings spread. The study also helped to determine which Kurbsky’s ideas about the victim and sacrifice remained relevant for members of different class groups, and which were leveled out and outdated in the text interpretation process.

scholarly journals Structural teaching methods in Republic of Uzbekistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusupova Barchina Gakhramanova
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Approach ◽  
National Pride ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Short Time

In the short time since Uzbekistan gained independence, the Uzbek people have made great strides in the political, social, economic and cultural spheres; a new approach to the history of the minority, the honor of organizing the rich cultural and spiritual heritage left by great ancestors, the restoration of national pride; Science, including pedagogy, is entering a new stage of development in the country; A lot of work is being done to revive the glory of the pedagogical geniuses of the eighties, to apply their ideas in the life of the people.

scholarly journals Zasób archiwum oraz biblioteki parafii św. Katarzyny w Wolbromiu

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 235-248
Author(s):  
Konrad Kołodziejczyk
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Rich ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Town

Resources of the archive and library of Saint Catherine’s parish in Wolbrom The article tries to take a closer look at the history of the archive and library of Saint Catherine’s parish in Wolbrom, describe the local conditions and briefly characterise the archival resources and library collection. The parish archive and library, originally part of the monastery, in Wolbrom have previously been the subject of only a few studies. Saint Catherine’s parish in Wolbrom was founded in the first half of the 14th century. At the beginning of the 1620s, it was handed over to the Canons Regular of the Lateran from the Corpus Christi Church in Kazimierz near Krakow. The first printed books almost certainly arrived in the town together with the founding of the parish, while the oldest mention of the parish book collection in Wolbrom comes from 1566. In the following centuries, the collection was successively enriched with donations from benefactors and the clergy. The main users of the collection were almost certainly the monks themselves, the heads of the parish schools and pupils. The rich collection in the parish library was not, however, always respected, especially in the 18th century when, after an inspection, attention was drawn to the terrible conditions in the library. Many valuable parts of the collection were also destroyed during wars and invasions. The Wolbrom parish archive was mentioned for the first time in the second half of the 17th century. Initially, the archive was located in the chambers of the prior, then in the monastery library above the church sacristy. The resources of the archive mainly include parish registers. Most of the documentation comes from the time of the partitions. The parish archive also contains documents not connected with the activities of the parish. There is even a royal document from the time of Stanislaw II August Poniatowski concerning the local guild of furriers. The observations carried out in the archive and library allow important recommendations to be made concerning the safeguarding of the collection with suitable storage conditions.

scholarly journals All-Metal Book Bindings in the 19th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Hana Slovik-Vávrová ◽  
Radomír Slovik
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article presents the results of the research activities of Hana Slovik-Vávrová concerning the mapping of preserved all-metal brass book bindings in the collections of institutions in the Czech Republic. She has recorded a total of 145 of these exceptional book bindings from between the end of the 18th century and the 1920s, coming from 18 organisations. All-metal book bindings have not been devoted enough attention although they represent a very interesting chapter in the history of book binding. An outcome of this work is a comprehensive description and detailed documentation of all researched all-metal book bindings. A valuable part is a catalogue of book bindings and of ornaments used in the decoration of all-metal book bindings.

The Evolution of Terrorism Threats

2020 ◽  
pp. 297-310
Author(s):  
Ranieri Razzante
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Religious Nature

Terrorism is relatively recent in history, but in this short time, it has experienced a radical and progressive change in many ways. Starting from the teaching of the Athenian historian Thucydides, it is necessary to trace a brief history of terrorism to better understand a phenomenon that has proven extremely dynamic and complex. Born in France at the end of the 18th century, it was an instrument of intimidation and repression that was very useful for authoritarian regimes that took power over the centuries, but it was even more so for non-state actors who later used such violent actions to counteract the states. Today, the threat of terrorism is very different from the past: it is global, indiscriminate, and mostly of a political-religious nature, placing the need to review security measures and adapt them to new circumstances.

scholarly journals Hypocricy of the Rich vs Honesty of the Poor in the English Society of the 18$^\text{th}$ Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2 (22)) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Vicky Tchaparian
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Critical Attitude ◽  
The Poor ◽  
English Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Poetic Justice ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Different Levels

During the 18th century, life was unpleasant and disturbing due to the Horrible Plague and the Great Fire that attacked England and turned the English society upside down. There was a big gap between the rich and the poor. Violence and crimes were everywhere. However, along with all the misfortunes, 18th century was also a period of elegance for England. Education flourished, and the novel genre developed impressively along with fine music and theatre performances. During these times, the rich led a luxurious life, while the poor in extreme poverty hardly preserved their miserable existence. The whole atmosphere was that of contrasts between brightness and staleness, wellness and sickness, abundance and insufficiency, virtue and vice, along with charity and selfishness which, combined with other characteristic features of the English society, created a chaotic situation. Henry Fielding’s novel, The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and his Friend Mr. Abraham Adams, often called Joseph Andrews artistically mingles all these contrasts on different levels of different aspects of life, depicting the age he lived in while giving credit to the poor and the abandoned, making the good successfully triumphant and the bad miserably overwhelmed until at the end he makes his characters reach poetic justice punishing the vicious and rewarding the virtuous. The article aims at revealing the chaotic situation of the 18th century England through H. Fielding’s novel in question and the writer’s critical attitude to it.

scholarly journals Restoring the Stolen Heritage in the New Land in Alex Haley's Roots

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S4) ◽  
pp. 45-46
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich

History has been handed down from generation to generation for time unknown through various sources before printing came to existence. Recording and passing of the events and the life is what helped and helps to retain the culture and tradition. Alex Haley’s Roots is his attempt to retain the culture and tradition of his great great grandfather father, who was brought to America during 18th century slave trading and pass the rich heritage that he had heard and researched. The story begins with the birth of Kunta and his captivity and his life at America, and then travels through the lives of generation till the time of the author’s birth who traces his ancestry and decides to write a book on it. It is not the painful history of a family but of a man who was adamant not to lose his identity in the new land.

Philosophy of Boredom

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
American Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich History ◽  
Empty Time

Even the most cursory of glances at the history of boredom reveals that boredom has been a topic of immense discussion. That same glance also reveals that there is not just one kind of boredom. There is the fastidium of Seneca, the horror loci of Lucretius, and the religious boredom of acedia. There is the sadness and listlessness of tristesse and melancholy, the void of Pascal, and the emptiness of La Rochefoucauld and of 18th-century Versailles. There is the ennui of Mme Du Deffand, of Chateubriand’s René, and of Goethe’s Werther. There is the despair of Schopenhauer, the monotony of factory workers, the empty time of leisure, the existential meaninglessness of Sartre’s Roquentin, and the profound attunement of Heidegger. And, of course, there is the simple and democratic boredom of the rest of us—that ubiquitous affective state that permeates and colors our everyday existence. The aim of this entry is to provide the reader with a philosophical map of the progression of the concept and experience of boredom throughout the Western tradition—from antiquity to current work in Anglo-American philosophy. By focusing primarily on key philosophical works on boredom, but also often discussing important literary and scientific texts, the entry exposes the reader to the rich history of boredom and illustrates how the different manifestations of boredom—idleness, horror loci, acedia, sloth, mal du siècle, melancholy, ennui, monotony, and emptiness—are grounded in the historical context in which they arise.

scholarly journals Digital Presentation of Bulgarian Lexical Heritage. Towards an Electronic Historical Dictionary

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Totomanova
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Electronic Dictionary ◽  
European Social Fund ◽  
Social Fund ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ict Tools ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Excellent Tool

The article presents the results of the project “ICT Tools for Historical Linguistic Studies”, funded by the European Social Fund, OP Human Resources. The main project goal was to elaborate electronic tools for creating a Historical Dictionary of Diachronic Type that should present the history of the Bulgarian words from their first written occurrence until today. By the end of the project the team (Faculty of Slavic Studies at Sofia University, Institute for Bulgarian Language, BAS and PAM Publishing Company, Sofia) had at their disposal a set of Old Bulgarian Unicode fonts, meant for publishing medieval texts and a convertor that converts non-Unicode documents into the new standard. The convertor allowed the participants to create in a relatively short time a Diachronic text corpus of Bulgarian medieval texts, containing already more than 90 texts dated from the 10th to the 18th century. The corpus software enables editing the texts and turned out to be an excellent tool for preparing electronic editions of the Old Bulgarian (OCS) manuscripts. In addition to the corpus an electronic dictionary of Old Bulgarian is available, which contains the digitized version of Старобългарски речник, produced by IBL. Both tools are accessible on the project website at the address histdict.uni-sofia.bg. The Standard of the Historical Dictionary took shape during the project course and respective software for elaborating new dictionary entries was designed and tested. The article also displays screenshots that demonstrate the functionalities of both the corpus and dictionary software.

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