scholarly journals On Pre-reflectivity of Self-consciousness in the Traditions of Advaita and Viśiṣṭādvaita Vedānta

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Schmücker
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Pure Consciousness ◽  
Reflective Consciousness ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
Over Time

By pointing out different forms of pre-reflective consciousness and comparing them to the concepts of self in Advaita and Viśiṣṭādvaita Vedānta, it could be shown that both schools apply a kind of consciousness that corresponds to Frank’s concept of self-consciousness and self-knowledge. As demonstrated, the first form of pre-reflective consciousness complies with the advaitic teaching of an unchangeable eternity of consciousness, which is subjectless and understood as being without time and space, even as being omnipresent. It appears impossible to relate it to something else without it being objectified. The Viśiṣṭādvaita Vedānta school reinterprets the concept of pure consciousness and accepts it as objectifiable consciousness, which is now considered “knowledge”. At the same time it presupposes a kind of individual consciousness which is called “I”. Moreover, this school uses the argument that consciousness is unobjectifiable against the Advaitin to establish that objectifying does not imply the cessation of consciousness, that is, in their case the consciousness of the individual self. Rāmānuja thus theorises, a thesis continued by Veṅkaṭanātha, that knowledges (saṃvit) can be remembered over time because, first, they are based on a constant self, that is, a pre-reflective “I”-consciousness, and secondly, through this “knowledge”, they can be known again by referring to itself in another state (avasthā) than it earlier held. But what does this mean for the familiarity of (self‑)consciousness? Is it mediated? The self, the “I”-consciousness, is always in a new, changed state of knowledge. As far as self-luminosity is possible, even if the self can be objectified, it is possible to say, without negating consciousness, that it is immediately aware of being in a special state if this can be proven through different means of knowledge.

Confession, conscience, and selfhood on trial

2018 ◽  
pp. 124-177
Author(s):  
Laura Kounine
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
The Self ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
Moral Question ◽  
Modern Self ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
Over Time

This chapter deals with the role of the self and conscience in defending oneself against the charge of witchcraft. To add depth to intellectual concepts—and teleologies—of the self, we must understand how the individual self was understood, felt, and experienced. Particularly for the crime of witchcraft, the crux of the trial was premised on the moral question of what kind of person would commit such a crime. Those on trial for witchcraft in the Lutheran duchy of Württemberg invoked the idioms of ‘mind’, ‘conscience’, ‘heart’, or ‘self’ in constructing their defence. Through four case studies, ranging from 1565 to 1678, this chapter examines the different ways in which people could conceptualize their person, and shows that change over time in the ‘development’ of the modern self was not a uniform or directly linear pattern.

The Self Before God? Rethinking Augustine's Trinitarian Thought

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Drever
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Psychological Model ◽  
De Trinitate ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
The Trinity

What is often termed the modern crisis of the Western self—the problems associated with the proto-Cartesian and proto-Kantian conceptions of the self—has given rise to attempts not only to confront the crisis constructively, but also to trace its origin. In one philosophical reading of the development of the crisis in the Western self, Augustine stands as one of its forefathers. In this reading, Augustine's anthropology is anchored firmly within Platonism and is viewed as a key precursor of the tradition leading to the modern, autonomous self of Descartes and Kant. Such a reading often focuses on Augustine's somewhat idiosyncratic self-analysis in Confessionum libri [Conf.] XIII, and points to his so-called psychological model of the Trinity found in De Trinitate [Trin.]. It is argued that his method of inward movement, which involves the utilization of the structures of individual consciousness as an analogy to the immanent Trinity, in conjunction with his analysis of the individual self in Conf., becomes a basic foundation for the modern private, autonomous self.

scholarly journals The Person and Religious Poetry in Malay

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-261
Author(s):  
Harry Aveling ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
Religious Poetry ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
Religion And Poetry

Accepting that there is a close connection between religion and poetry, the paper focuses on the person that is presented in poetry in Malay in response to the Divine. The concept of “the person” used contains three elements: (a) the human identity – our common physiological and psychological qualities; (b) the social identity – arising from our membership in the various groups that make up our particular society; and, (c) the self – the unique personal sense of who I am. It argues that the person in Malay religious poetry is largely a “social identity” the self surrendered to God through membership in the Muslim community. Keywords: religious poetry, person, human identity, social identity, the individual self

Who Do You Think You Are?

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Nicolas Bommarito
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
What Works ◽  
Special Challenge ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Tools And Methods

This chapter explores self-knowledge, which is critical for solving the practical problems involved in getting through life. An awareness of your own quirks, character, and preferences is important for figuring out what works for you. However, self-knowledge is also tricky because it is especially elusive. People commonly learn about themselves only indirectly; often it is only by reading the reactions of others that people can see how harsh, kind, or annoying they are. It is also because when trying to know the self, the thing the individual is trying to see is the very thing that does the looking. Buddhism offers many evocative images to illustrate this special challenge: Just as a knife cannot cut itself, the mind cannot be directed toward itself. This makes knowing the self, especially in a deep way, an especially difficult task. Knowing the self thus requires special kinds of tools and methods. The chapter then considers the concept of Buddha Nature.

scholarly journals Who Am I? An Ethnographic Study Exploring the Construction of Organizational and Individual Self among Indian IT Employees

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
A. Venkataraman ◽  
Chandra Shekhar Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Labour Process ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Team Player ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Self

The self is both a sociological and a psychological construct. It is investigated in this paper from the perspectives of sociology of work, critical management studies and employment relations. Accordingly, drawing upon ethnographic research, this article seeks to unravel how an employee defines herself or himself in two realms—the organizational and the personal—respectively against the background of changing Indian IT industry marked by uncertainty and rising job insecurity. It examines how these two realms converge to bring about an individual’s sense of ‘dasein’ or being. The self is entwined in the value chain of the Indian IT labour process and, within it, soft HRM discursive practices seek to constitute and mould the ‘disciplined confessional self’ who is supposed to be not only autonomous but a proactive and proactive team player. This article identifies the sources from which the self finds definitions and validation in the liquid modern context of the ‘gig economy’. It seeks to reflect upon the ramifications arising out of the interplay between Western and Indian managerial repertoires and, finally, the interplay of caste and class against changing Indian societal norms and expectations. In doing so, it looks at the micro and macro means through which the self seeks to obviate its incoherence and find resonance and fullness. Given the volatile political economy of the Indian IT industry labour process, much of the work is repetitive and fragmented, and individuals feel alienated and burnt out after the initial excitement of experiencing the Sapient or Cisco way of life. They adopt various coping mechanisms reminiscent of Burawoy’s (1985) respondents to fight job insecurity and to secure their peer group’s acceptance. Thus, the onus of negotiating inherent dualities for finding meaning in the organizational realm, and yet leaving room for a transcendental individual coherent self whose larger ‘internal conversation’ transcends the existential concern of the structured antagonism of the wage–employment relationship, lies upon the individual rather than the organization.

scholarly journals Possédés par l’image de soi. Les identités, les identifications et l’inconscient collectif sur les réseaux sociaux

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
Ana Taís Martins ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
The Self ◽  
Collective Unconscious ◽  
Construction Of Identity ◽  
Réseaux Sociaux ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
Practices Of The Self ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Reseaux Sociaux

"The stable identity, an invention of modernity, seems today to be shaken, giving way to multiple and even ephemeral identifications of which social networks form a remarkable catalog. Are we living in a time when we no longer know who we are? This article proposes setting in relation the practices of the self with the questions of the construction of identity, assuming as a condition of possibility the dissociation of the individual consciousness from the collective unconscious. The intention is to examine the question in the light of the contributions of Jung on archetypes and the collective unconscious and Delory-Momberger on the construction of the ego through life stories."

scholarly journals Dyadic Successful Aging and the Limits of Agency

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 755-755
Author(s):  
Markus Klingel
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Late Life ◽  
The Self ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Dyadic Satisfaction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Over Time

Abstract With increasing life expectancy, late life has become a longer, crucial part of the individual and dyadic life course. New opportunities, tasks and decisions emerged. Successful aging norms emphasize agency and autonomy. This can be activating, but also alienating. With increasing constraints, agency is limited and ideals of autonomy become dysfunctional. This challenges also relationships. Aging, functional losses and approaching death threaten dyadic satisfaction and functionality. Potentially, successful aging norms could erode dyadic solidarity when needed the most: in late life. This mixed-methods longitudinal study combines interviews and questionnaires at three observations across five years. Its focus lies on change over time and findings at observation three. The sample consists of eight German couples (78-86 years old, 50-65 years married, high relationship satisfaction, white, urban). What does aging mean for individualized actors? How do aging couples negotiate, decide and act on aging, autonomy and death? How do successful aging norms modulate dyadic aging? Overall, actors have internalized successful aging and benefit by influencing their health positively. However, this has become ambivalent. Actors increasingly perceive their future as limited and beyond individual control. Acceptance of losses that challenge the self is difficult, autonomy ideals burdensome and death salient. As individual agency is constrained, the dyad is still a functional stronghold against aging. Yet, it has to adapt as well to – potentially differential - individual aging. Losses can and do threaten couples’ functional and emotional unity. Four patterns of self-dyad dynamics emerged and exemplify tensions between individualized and dyadic successful aging.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF IZOF MODEL FOR ANXIETY AND SELF-EFFICACY IN VOLLEYBALL ATHLETES: A CASE STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-343
Author(s):  
Francine Caetano de Andrade Nogueira ◽  
Maurício Gattás Bara Filho ◽  
Lelio Moura Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Self ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Important Time ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Self

ABSTRACT Introduction: The relation between psychological variables and their influence on athletic performance have been considered a crucial differential at important time points of the season. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the validity of the IZOF model from a multidimensional perspective of anxiety, and to investigate the possibility of extending the IZOF theory to the self-efficacy construct. Methods: Seven male professional volleyball players participated in the study. The Individual Self-Efficacy Scale for Volleyball and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory – 2 reduced version were answered by the players before all matches throughout a season. At the end of each match, athletic performance was obtained through the Data Volley program. Results: The results showed the IZOF of self-efficacy and of each subscale of anxiety for the professional team athletes who participated in more than 10 matches during the season. The athletes showed significant variability in scores, ranging from 3 to 5 points for cognitive anxiety, 2 to 7 points for somatic anxiety, 2 to 14 points for self-confidence, and 12 to 54 points for self-efficacy. The findings also indicated that IZOFs are different in an intra- and inter-individual way. We also observed that the number of matches, in percentages across all zones (below, in, and above the IZOF), indicated that Middle Blocker 1 and Opposite 1 presented the best profiles among the 7 players analyzed, as all their variables are in the IZOF zone in the majority of matches, a fact that represents a desired profile for these athletes. Conclusion: Through the analysis of the data, we can attest to the applicability of the IZOF theory for professional volleyball athletes from the multidimensional perspective of anxiety and the possibility of extending the theory to the self-efficacy construct in an attempt to predict the performance of volleyball athletes from this variable. Level of evidence IV; Case series.

Self-as-Subject for Doctoral Research

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Heuristic Inquiry ◽  
Doctoral Level ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Institutional Aspects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Internal Experience ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter presents reflections on the use of self-as-subject research within doctoral education as a pathway to explore meaning of study phenomena to uncover new knowledge from the individual of the self. Knowledge is contextual and discoverable from within this rich internal experience of the researcher-participant and extant and contemporary perspectives are presented to illustrate the importance and appropriateness of the selection of self-as-subject research methods including autoethnography and heuristic inquiry for doctoral-level research. The importance of the relational aspects of the doctoral researcher and doctoral research supervisor is briefly considered as well as contextual and institutional aspects necessary to inform doctoral researchers who may choose these methods of inquiry.

Identity, Community and the Natural Environment: Some Perspectives from Process Thinking

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-267
Author(s):  
Clare Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Natural World ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Human Community ◽  
Process Thinking ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Differentiation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

AbstractAlfred North Whitehead's and Charles Hartshorne's process thinking presents a complex and sophisticated metaphysical underpinning for a theory of self and self-identity. Their construction of the self has significant implications for understanding of the (human) community and the natural environment. Process thinking, I argue, undercuts the idea of self unity; of self-continuity over time; and of self-differentiation from the world. When combined, these three elements mean that it is hard to separate the individual, personal self from the community and the natural world. I compare these implications from process thinking with what might seem similar implications from radical ecological philosophies. Although there are ethical and metaphysical differences between process thinkers and deep ecologists, both kinds of theory need to be treated with caution in application to our thinking about the environment.

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