scholarly journals The Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP) and the Luso-African identity

Politeja ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5 (68)) ◽  
pp. 193-215
Author(s):  
Joanna Mormul
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Official Language ◽  
African Continent ◽  
African Identity ◽  
Political Cooperation ◽  
The Press ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
The Subject

The article aims at searching for the correlation between the Luso-African identity, understood as a form of cultural identity based on the concept of Lusophony, and The Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP), an international organisation that brings together countries whose official language is Portuguese. The CPLP is considered as an institutional emanation of the idea of Lusophony. However, for almost 25 years since its creation it still receives a lot of criticism. Despite the multiplicity of initiatives that it proposed, for a long time it seemed that the CPLP did not really move beyond the concept phase. Furthermore, until recently the organisation has focused mainly on cultural and political cooperation, leaving behind its enormous economic possibilities and provoking questions about an untapped potential of the CPLP. The paper attempts to reflect on the hypothesis that the limited capacities of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries regarding the African continent are, at least partially, related to the problem with Luso-African identity. The considerations presented in the article are based on the critical reading of the literature of the subject, qualitative analysis of the already existing data (official documents and the press, available statistics), as well as the author’s reflections drawn from observations, interviews and informal talks conducted during field research in Mozambique (2015) and Guinea-Bissau (2016), along with multiple study visits to Portugal (2011-2016), while realizing the research project devoted to the problem of state dysfunctionality in the Lusophone Africa.

scholarly journals Споры о письменном языке в Ладакхе: консерваторы и реформаторы

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-171
Author(s):  
Ekaterina L. Komissaruk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject

Ladakhi is an idiom used mainly within Ladakh (a region that until 2019 was part of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir), as well as in the bordering areas of China and Pakistan. Goals. The paper discusses the development of Ladakhi as a written language and the controversy it leads to both in Ladakh and outside. Methods and Materials. The study analyzes various official documents issued by local administrative bodies of Ladakh, academic works and grammatical descriptions of the Ladakhi idiom, as well as interviews with residents of the region. The main methods of the field research conducted in Ladakh in 2010—2011 include participant observation, analysis of documentary sources, and interviewing. Results. Most Ladakhis consider Tibetan and Ladakhi to be the same language, often using the linguonym ‘Bhoti’ to refer to both the languages. Since the independent princedom of Ladakh was established in the 10th century AD, Classical Tibetan has been the dominant written language there, while other idioms have also been used in oral communication. For a long time, Ladakhi has existed in diglossia, its role being that of a ‘low’ language. Most government officials, education workers and Buddhist clerics in Ladakh still believe that Ladakhi is and should remain a spoken version of Classical Tibetan rather than an entirely separate language. They see any attempts to codify the Ladakhi language as sacrilege because in their opinion the Tibetan language was created by Thonmi Sambhota to put down sacred Buddhist texts, and so it should remain unchanged. However, the last four decades have seen some considerable changes. A few dozen books written in Ladakhi or translated into the language have been published. A number of issues of a magazine in spoken Ladakhi released, and Al-Baqarah, the second surah of Quran, was also published in Ladakhi. Whether Ladakhi should become a fully fledged written (literary) language is the subject of hot debates in contemporary Ladakh attracting increasing attention both in and outside the region.

scholarly journals Existential Dilemma in Toni Morrison’s Beloved

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Manu ◽  
Dr. Abha Shukla Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Toni Morrison ◽  
African American History ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Song Of Solomon ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Traumatized Self

Toni Morrison verbalizes in novel manners the pain and battle of a traumatized self and local area. In her novels, the traumatic truth of a dark self shows itself in the characters' self-hatred and self-disdain, and in the deficiency of their individual and cultural identity. Her fiction resolves issues of African American history, traumatizing experience and identity, often additionally captivating with inquiries of sex and sex, and, less significantly, class. When writing in a climate where everything except a couple of dark writers battled for acknowledgment, presently the subject of much recognition, Morrison’s work has provoked various and assorted basic reactions. The Beloved and Song of Solomon utilize the devices of disruption, corruption and sensuality to portray the traumatic encounters of the Black ladies’ heroes. During the last fifteen or so years grant treating the Morrison oeuvre has blossomed, making her clearly quite possibly the most talked about creators of the contemporary time frame. Toni Morrison’s In her novel, Beloved (1987), Toni Morrison shows the overwhelming impacts of slavery and its specialist disasters as these impacts show themselves through numerous ages of one family. The trauma of slavery is with the end goal that nobody contacted by it can break liberated from the past, even a long time after actual freedom. This is valid for the novel's hero, Sethe, a once in the past oppressed lady living in Cincinnati after the Civil War and third novel Song of Solomon (1977) goes about as a milestone in her profession, since it uncovers the imaginative development she has acquired, and furthermore presents the arrangement she has observed to tackle the overwhelming issues she depicts in her initially traumatizing novel. The distinctive traumatic occasions make Morrison's novels appropriate for logo helpful perusing and examination.

PROBLEMATIKA IMPLEMENTASI PENILAIAN AUTENTIK PADA MATA PELAJARAN AL-QUR’AN HADIS DI MTs NEGERI GANDUSARI BLITAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-139
Author(s):  
Dita Dzata Mirrota ◽  
Desy Nailasari
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Authentic Assessment ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Require Accuracy ◽  
Process Assessment ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Real World Problems

An authentic assessment is carried out comprehensively to assess the learning inputs, processes and outputs. Authentic assessment must reflect real-world problems, not the world of schools. This study aims to describe the problematics of the implementation of authentic assessment in the subject of the Qur'anic Hadith. This type of research is field research. The results of this study are the implementation of authentic assessment in the subjects of the Qur'an in Hadith in the MTsN Gandusari Blitar: the implementation of authentic assessment in the Blitar Gandsari State MTs requires improvement. Problems with authentic assessment implementation: more instruments and formats, a long time, the assessment process, assessment of attitudes that require accuracy, limited educators, inputs, and considerable costs. The solution given to the problem: conduct MGMP, workshops or guidance on authentic assessment, increase the number of educators, assess according to the provisions, certain parties who give their role, and get used to assess authentically properly and correctly.

scholarly journals Living Teologi Tradisi Tolak Bala Bepapas pada Masyarakat Desa Parit Setia Kecamatan Jawai Kabupaten Sambas Kalimantan Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-285
Author(s):  
Revi Madriani
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Traditional Leader ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Research Show

This study examines Islam that lives in the Parit Setia community. In the Parit Setia community there is a tradition tolak bala Bepapas. The purpose of this research is to answer the problems that are the subject of discussion: 1) Definition of the tradition tolak bala Bepapas; 2) Understanding the community's theology of the tradition tolak bala Bepapas; and 3) The values contained in the tradition tolak bala Bepapas. This research is a field research, with a phenomenological approach, qualitative methods, and living theology as a knife of analysis. The findings in this research show that: First, historically the tradition tolak bala Bepapas is a tradition that resulted from a mixture of culture and religion. Tradition is carried out as an effort to avoid all forms of danger, which is symbolized through leaves and is led by a traditional leader (pak Labbai). Second, this tradition has long been rooted so that it is considered sacred. Even though there are differences of opinion in responding to it, this tradition still exists today as a cultural identity of society. Third, the determination of religious values contained in this tradition is based on the principles of tawhid, which substantially have values for relating to nature, maintaining friendship, asking for salvation and as a form of gratitude to Allah SWT. Observing all the findings in the field, it is not an exaggeration to conclude that this tradition is a living Islam (living Islamic theology) in the Parit Setia community.

scholarly journals KOMODIFIKASI BUDAYA DI ERA EKONOMI GLOBAL TERHADAP KEARIFAN LOKAL: Studi Kasus Eksistensi Industri Pariwisata dan Kesenian Tradisional di Jawa Tengah

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Agus Maladi Irianto
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Traditional Arts

Abstract: The culture commodification is the sale-purchase transaction of cultural objects through industrial process that was born along with the globalization era. The tourism industry is the child of globalization that produce cultural objects to be traded for the financial benefit. One form of the commodification cultural objects in the globalization era is the traditional arts. The problem is how the strategy needs to be developed so that the traditional arts as the subject of its supporting society's local wisdom is remain protected, but on the other hand it is expected to accomodate the demand of economic globalization that has conducted the culture commodification? With the aim to synergize the presence of traditional arts as the cultural identity of its supporting society and the tourism industry demands that conduct culture commo¬dification, then through a field research using qualitative method, it resulted the following description. First, the culture commo¬dification becomes a necessity in the global economy era that evolve in this era of postmodernity, especially it's marked by the growing of the tourism industry. Second, the culture commo¬dification to the local wisdom can basically be solved by several strategies without marginalizing the supporting society of the local wisdom. Third, the existence of traditional arts as a cultural identity can be protected and revitalized from the demands of the culture commodification, as long as it is also developing a concept that is able to synergize the perception and responses of the supporting society to the demands of the tourism industry. Fourth, one of the most relevant concepts to accommodate the demands of the culture com¬modification is a concept that is commonly referred as the pseudo traditional art. Abstrak: Komodifikasi budaya adalah transaksi jual beli benda budaya melalui proses industri yang lahir seiring dengan era globalisasi. Industri pariwisata adalah anak kandung globalisasi yang memproduksi benda budaya untuk diperjualbelikan demi keuntungan secara finansial. Salah satu bentuk benda budaya yang dikomodifikasi di era globalisasi adalah kesenian tradisional. Permasalahannya adalah, bagaimana strategi yang perlu dikembangkan agar kesenian tradisional sebagai subjek kearifan lokal masyarakat pendukungnya tetap telindungi, tetapi di sisi lain ia diharapkan bisa mengakomodasi tuntutan globalisasi ekonomi yang telah melakukan komodifikasi budaya? Dengan tujuan untuk mensinergikan antara keberadaan kesenian tradisional sebagai identitas kultural masyarakat pendukung dan tuntutan industri pariwisata yang melakukan komodifikasi budaya, maka melalui penelitian lapangan yang menggunakan metode kualitatif telah menghasilkan gambaran sebagai berikut. Pertama, komodifikasi budaya menjadi keniscayaan di era ekonomi global yang berkembang di era pascamodernitas ini, terutama ditandai dengan kian berkembangnya industri pariwisata. Kedua, komodifikasi budaya terhadap kearifan lokal pada dasarnya dapat dipecahkan dengan sejumlah strategi tanpa harus memarjinalkan masyarakat pendukung kearifan lokal tersebut. Ketiga, keberadaan kesenian tradisional sebagai identitas kultural dapat terlindungi dan direvitalisasi dari tuntutan komodifikasi budaya, sepanjang dikembangkan suatu konsep yang mampu mensinergikan antara persepsi dan respons masyarakat pendukung dengan tuntutan industri pariwisata. Keempat, salah satu konsep yang paling relevan untuk mengakomodasi tuntutan komodifikasi budaya adalah konsep yang lazim disebut sebagai psedo traditional art.

An Adaptive and Learning System for Feedback-Controlled Evoked Response Studies

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
J. Wagner ◽  
G. Pfurtscheixer
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
Stimulation System ◽  
Background Eeg

The shape, latency and amplitude of changes in electrical brain activity related to a stimulus (Evoked Potential) depend both on the stimulus parameters and on the background EEG at the time of stimulation. An adaptive, learnable stimulation system is introduced, whereby the subject is stimulated (e.g. with light), whenever the EEG power is subthreshold and minimal. Additionally, the system is conceived in such a way that a certain number of stimuli could be given within a particular time interval. Related to this time criterion, the threshold specific for each subject is calculated at the beginning of the experiment (preprocessing) and adapted to the EEG power during the processing mode because of long-time fluctuations and trends in the EEG. The process of adaptation is directed by a table which contains the necessary correction numbers for the threshold. Experiences of the stimulation system are reflected in an automatic correction of this table. Because the corrected and improved table is stored after each experiment and is used as the starting table for the next experiment, the system >learns<. The system introduced here can be used both for evoked response studies and for alpha-feedback experiments.

Gentrification and functional change in Budapest – ‘ruin bars’ and the commodification of housing in a post-socialist context

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Gergely Olt ◽  
Adrienne Csizmady
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality Industry ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

AbstractThe growth of the tourism and hospitality industry played an important role in the gentrification of the post-socialist city of Budapest. Although disinvestment was present, reinvestment was moderate for decades after 1989. Privatisation of individual tenancies and the consequent fragmented ownership structure of heritage buildings made refurbishment and reinvestment less profitable. Because of local contextual factors and global changes in consumption habits, the function of the dilapidated 19th century housing stock transformed in the 2000s, and the residential neighbourhood which was the subject of the research turned into the so called ‘party district’. The process was followed in our ongoing field research. The functional change made possible speculative investment in inner city housing and played a major role in the commodification of the disinvested housing stock.

Ivan Cankar’s National Narrative and Its Role in the Formation of the Slovenian Cultural Identity

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
Anna G. Bodrova
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Symbolic Order ◽  
National Narrative ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Slavoj Zizek ◽  
Slavoj Žižek ◽  
The Subject

Ivan Cankar (1876–1918), who occupies an honorable place in the Slovenian cultural canon, once changed the course of development of Slovenian literature and influenced the formation of national identity. The national narrative of Cankar was based on contradictions: living far from his people, he sometimes glorified them and sometimes attacked them with heavy criticism; he correlated his homeland with his mother, the mother though being dead. Cankar’s concentration on the subject of mother and homeland is interpreted here in the framework of psychoanalysis. Following Slavoj Žižek, the author develops the idea that it was the mother who became the Symbolic Order representative or Super-Ego for the writer. The concept of “Cankar’s mother”, which became a symbol of self-sacrifice and at the same time repressiveness in the Slovenian cultural space, is considered.

A. Rudalyov. 4 shots (A. Zhuchkova)

2019 ◽  
pp. 272-277
Author(s):  
Anna V. Zhuchkova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Literature ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
New Realism ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Subject

The review considers A. Rudalyov’s book 4 Shots [ 4 vystrela ], devoted to the ‘new realism’, a trend in 2000s Russian literature, and more specifically, works of four ‘new realists’: Z. Prilepin, R. Senchin, S. Shargunov, and G. Sadulaev. The reviewer criticizes the author for an incomplete and biased presentation of ‘new realism’, which had been a focus of intense discussions among literary critics and scholars for over a decade. The same flaw blights the descriptions of the four chapters’ respective protagonists: Prilepin, Senchin, Shargunov, and Sadulaev. Rudalyov ended up writing a panegyric, albeit with very sparse language, mainly by repetition of flattering epithets from the press. He failed, however, to address the discussion of the ‘new realism’ by critics or supply a review of literary theoretical research on the subject. Therefore, the reviewer finds the book lacking in any historical-literary and philological value.

The Phantom Defense: America's Pursuit of the Star Wars Illusion. By Craig Eisendrath, Melvin A. Goodman, and Gerald E. Marsh. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2001. 216p. $24.95. Ballistic Missile Defense and the Future of American Security: Agendas, Perceptions, Technology, and Policy. By Roger Handberg. Praeger, 2001. 264p. $62.00. Rockets' Red Glare: Missile Defenses and the Future of World Politics. Edited by James J. Wirtz and Jeffrey A. Larsen. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2001. 368p. $28.50.

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-880
Author(s):  
David Goldfischer
Keyword(s):  
World Politics ◽  
Ballistic Missile ◽  
Missile Defense ◽  
Star Wars ◽  
Technological Context ◽  
The Future ◽  
Ballistic Missile Defense ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Strategic Defense ◽  
The Subject

As Michael O'Hanlon concludes in his excellent contribution to Rockets' Red Glare: “We should…get used to the debate over ballistic missile defenses. It has been around a long time, and no final resolution is imminent” (p. 132). In one sense, a review of these three recent books makes clear that many analysts had grown a bit too used to positioning themselves in terms of the 1972 ABM Treaty. Preoccupied with arguments over whether the treaty should be preserved, modified, or rewritten in light of a changing strategic and technological context, no one seemed to have anticipated that President George W. Bush would simply withdraw from it, invoking Article XV's provision that either party could withdraw if “extraordinary events related to the subject matter of this Treaty have jeopardized its supreme interests.” Even many strategic defense supporters who deemed the treaty obsolete (as Robert Joseph persuasively maintains in his contribution to Rockets' Red Glare) generally believed that it should only—and would only—be scrapped if negotiations over U.S.-proposed changes broke down. (“The Bush Administration,” surmises O'Hanlon, “will surely try very hard to amend it before going to such an extreme”) (p. 112). In the event, the president's team disavowed even the word “negotiation,” saying they were willing only to “consult” the Russians regarding the treaty's impending demise.

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