scholarly journals Mixture effects of air pollutants on children’s urinary levels of 8-isoprostane, a biomarker of oxidative stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy Nakiwala ◽  
Liza Lutzker ◽  
Elizabeth M. Noth ◽  
Fred Lurmann ◽  
Stephanie M. Holm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Mixture Effects ◽  
Urinary Levels

scholarly journals Exposure to Air Pollution Nanoparticles: Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 964-976
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Ehsanifar ◽  
Banihashemian SS ◽  
Masoud Ehsanifar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Brain

Urban air pollutants exposure is known as a source of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress that causes the Central Nervous System (CNS) and neuropathology disease. Transition metals, Particulate Matter (PM), including PM 2.5 (PM <2.5 μm) and PM 0.1 (PM <0.1μm), nitrogen oxides and ozone are of potent or oxidant capable of producing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Redox-sensitive pathways can be caused by oxidative stress, leading to various biological processes, including inflammation and cell death. The incidence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) and stroke are associated with exposure to air pollution. Some recent findings suggest that urban air pollutants reach the brain in addition to pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases and affect the CNS health too. While the underlying CNS pathology mechanisms induced air pollutants exposure are not well understood, recent studies show that changes in Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) and microglial activation are key components. In this work, we reviewed the new evidence of the mechanisms by which ambient air pollution reach the brain and activate innate immune response as a source of oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory factors.

scholarly journals Estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion as a risk factor for oxidative stress in Zambian adults: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242144
Author(s):  
Violet Kayamba ◽  
Paul Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Urine Sodium ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Introduction Persistent oxidative stress predisposes to various non-communicable diseases (NCDs), whose occurrence is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the link between markers of oxidative stress and some risk factors for NCDs in a Zambian cohort. Methods We assessed oxidative stress by measuring 8-isoprostane (lipid oxidative stress) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (DNA oxidative stress). In addition, we measured mycotoxins (aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A), salt intake estimated from 24-hour sodium excretion calculated using the Tanaka and Kawaski formulae, and 1-hydroxypyrene (a metabolite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). Data on lifestyle risk factors were collected using questionnaires. Results Included were 244 participants; 128 (52%) were female and the median age was 48 years (IQR 39–58). The median level of 8-isoprostane was 0.13 ng/mg creatinine (IQR 0.08–0.23) while that of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was 4 ng/mg creatinine (IQR 2–10). The median 24-hour sodium excretion was 21 g (IQR 16–25 g), with none being less than the 5 g recommended by WHO. Unadjusted urinary levels of 8-isoprostane were moderately correlated with 1-hydroxypyrene (Spearman r = 0.30, p<0.001) and estimated 24-hour urine sodium (Spearman r = 0.38, p<0.001). Urinary levels of 8-OHdG were not correlated with 1-hydroxypyrene, estimated 24-hour urine sodium, aflatoxin M1 or ochratoxin A (all p-values >0.05). Using logistic regression, adjusted and unadjusted 8-isoprostanes levels were associated with 1-hydroxypyrene (p = 0.02 and p = 0.001 respectively) and estimated 24-hour urine sodium method (p = 0.003 and p<0.001 respectively). However, only unadjusted 8-OHdG was associated with 1-hydroxypyrene (p = 0.03) and age (p = 0.007). Conclusions Estimated 24-hour urinary sodium is high among Zambians and it is associated with lipid but not DNA oxidative stress. High exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is also associated with oxidative stress.

Characterization of urinary biomarkers and their relevant mechanisms of zoledronate-induced nephrotoxicity using rats and HK-2 cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-609
Author(s):  
Z Lan ◽  
K Chai ◽  
Y Jiang ◽  
X Liu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
Group 3

The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers of zoledronate-induced nephrotoxicity and to further characterize the mechanisms underlying this process by analyzing urinary metabolites. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups containing four (two control groups) or eight rats (two zoledronate groups) per group. The rats were injected intravenously with saline or zoledronate (3 mg/kg) singly (single, 3 weeks) or repeatedly eight times (3 weeks/time, 24 weeks). Serum blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, and kidney injury observed by hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining were changed only in the repeated zoledronate group (3 mg/kg, 3 weeks/time, 24 weeks). Urinary levels of S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, l-cystathionine, l-γ-glutamylcysteine, and glutathione related to glutathione metabolism and fumaric acid and succinic acid related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the zoledronate-treated group (3 mg/kg, 3 weeks/time, 24 weeks) were significantly lower than those in the control group, suggesting that zoledronate may cause cellular oxidative stress. Besides, urinary levels of uracil and uridine related to pyrimidine metabolism also decreased after zoledronate treatment (3 mg/kg, 3 weeks/time, 24 weeks), while the levels of hypoxanthine related to purine metabolism, histamine related to histamine metabolism, and several amino acids were significantly increased. Moreover, zoledronate-induced enhanced oxidative stress and histamine overproduction were confirmed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and histamine measurement in a human proximal tubular cell line. Taken together, zoledronate-induced nephrotoxicity may be attributed to it inducing perturbations in glutathione biosynthesis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, further causing ROS overproduction, oxidative stress, and cellular inflammation, thereby leading to nephrotoxicity.

Oxidative stress markers, lung function and exposure to air pollutants in Mexican schoolchildren.

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 4673
Author(s):  
Albino Barraza-Villarreal ◽  
Ana Teresa Romero-Calderon ◽  
Hortensia Moreno-Macias ◽  
Joel Manrique-Moreno ◽  
Horacio Riojas Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers

scholarly journals Traffic-related air pollution, biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and CC16 in children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Zhang ◽  
John R. Balmes ◽  
Liza Lutzker ◽  
Jennifer K. Mann ◽  
Helene G. Margolis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Epithelial Damage ◽  
Lung Epithelial ◽  
Time Frames

Abstract Background Previous research has revealed links between air pollution exposure and metabolic syndrome in adults; however, these associations are less explored in children. Objective This study aims to investigate the association between traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP) and biomarkers of metabolic dysregulation, oxidative stress, and lung epithelial damage in children. Methods We conducted cross-sectional analyses in a sample of predominantly Latinx, low-income children (n = 218) to examine associations between air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), elemental carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide (CO), fine particulates (PM2.5)) and biomarkers of metabolic function (high-density lipoprotein (HDL), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), oxidative stress (8-isoprostane), and lung epithelial damage (club cell protein 16 (CC16)). Results HDL cholesterol showed an inverse association with NO2 and NOx, with the strongest relationship between HDL and 3-month exposure to NO2 (–15.4 mg/dL per IQR increase in 3-month NO2, 95% CI = –27.4, –3.4). 8-isoprostane showed a consistent pattern of increasing values with 1-day and 1-week exposure across all pollutants. Non-significant increases in % HbA1c were found during 1-month time frames and decreasing CC16 in 3-month exposure time frames. Conclusion Our results suggest that TRAP is significantly associated with decreased HDL cholesterol in longer-term time frames and elevated 8-isoprostane in shorter-term time frames. TRAP could have the potential to influence lifelong metabolic patterns, through metabolic effects in childhood.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and reduced skin-ageing effects of a polyphenolenriched dietary supplement in response to air pollution: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Nobile ◽  
Irene Schiano ◽  
Ana Peral ◽  
Silvana Giardina ◽  
Eleonora Spartà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Background: Air pollution exposure is one of the major threats to skin health and accelerates skin ageing mainly through oxidative stress mechanisms. Since it is difficult to minimize skin exposure to air pollutants, especially in urban areas, strategies to protect the skin are needed. Plant phenolic compounds have been found to be effective in attenuating cellular oxidative stress and inflammation induced by different air pollutants and a dietary approach based on these compounds could provide an efficient protection measure. Objective: Here we investigated the efficacy of a commercially available polyphenol-enriched dietary supplement (Zeropollution®) in reducing pollution-induced oxidative stress and in improving different skin parameters related to skin ageing of Caucasian and Asian subjects exposed to air pollution. Zeropollution is composed of four standardized herbal extracts: Olea europaea leaf, Lippia citriodora, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Sophora japonica. Design: A double-blind randomized, parallel group study was carried out on 100 outdoor workers living in a polluted urban European area (Milan) to assess the efficacy of the dietary supplement. The total antioxidant capacity on saliva (FRAP), the oxidative damage on skin (lipoperoxides content), skin moisturization (corneometer), transepidermal water loss (tewameter), skin radiance and colour (spectrophotometer), skin elasticity (cutometer), skin sebum content (sebumeter), and the skin roughness (image analysis) were measured. Results: Both inter-group and intra-group analysis proved that the dietary supplement improved all clinical and biochemical-monitored parameters, in both Caucasian and Asian individuals. Some of the positive effects such as decreased wrinkle depth, increased elasticity and firmness, improved skin moisturization and transepidermal water loss, and reduced dark spots pigmentation were statistically significant as early as 2 weeks of product consumption. Conclusions: The results of the study indicate reduced oxidative stress-induced skin damage in both Asian and Caucasian women living in a polluted urban area. Therefore, the oral intake of this four-plant based supplement could be considered a complementary nutrition strategy to avoid the negative effects of environmental pollution exposure.

scholarly journals Geospatial Correlation Analysis between Air Pollution Indicators and Estimated Speed of COVID-19 Diffusion in the Lombardy Region (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12154
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Gianquintieri ◽  
Maria Antonia Brovelli ◽  
Andrea Pagliosa ◽  
Rodolfo Bonora ◽  
Giuseppe Maria Sechi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Diffusion Speed ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Concentration Of Air Pollutants

Background: the Lombardy region in Italy was the first area in Europe to record an outbreak of COVID-19 and one of the most affected worldwide. As this territory is strongly polluted, it was hypothesized that pollution had a role in facilitating the diffusion of the epidemic, but results are uncertain. Aim: the paper explores the effect of air pollutants in the first spread of COVID-19 in Lombardy, with a novel geomatics approach addressing the possible confounding factors, the reliability of data, the measurement of diffusion speed, and the biasing effect of the lockdown measures. Methods and results: all municipalities were assigned to one of five possible territorial classes (TC) according to land-use and socio-economic status, and they were grouped into districts of 100,000 residents. For each district, the speed of COVID-19 diffusion was estimated from the ambulance dispatches and related to indicators of mean concentration of air pollutants over 1, 6, and 12 months, grouping districts in the same TC. Significant exponential correlations were found for ammonia (NH3) in both prevalently agricultural (R2 = 0.565) and mildly urbanized (R2 = 0.688) areas. Conclusions: this is the first study relating COVID-19 estimated speed of diffusion with indicators of exposure to NH3. As NH3 could induce oxidative stress, its role in creating a pre-existing fragility that could have facilitated SARS-CoV-2 replication and worsening of patient conditions could be speculated.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Reduced Skin Ageing Effects of A Polyphenol-Enriched Dietary Supplement in Response to Air Pollution: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Nobile ◽  
Irene Schiano ◽  
Ana Peral ◽  
Silvana Giardina ◽  
Eleanora Sparta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Double Blind

Repeated air pollution exposure is one of the major threats to skin health. Air pollution causes skin damage and accelerates skin ageing mainly through oxidative stress mechanisms. Since it is difficult to minimize skin exposure from air pollutants, especially in urban areas, strategies to protect the skin are needed. On the other hand, plant phenolic compounds have been found to be effective in attenuating cellular oxidative stress and inflammation induced by different air pollutants. Therefore, we conducted a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind study to assess the efficacy of a polyphenol-enriched dietary supplement (comprised of olive leaf, lemon verbena, rosemary and Sophora japonica extracts) in reducing pollution-induced oxidative stress and in improving different skin parameters related to skin ageing of Caucasian and Asian volunteers living in a polluted urban European area (Milan). One hundred healthy women were recruited and randomized in the placebo or in the test dietary supplement treatment arms. To assess the efficacy of the dietary supplement, the total antioxidant capacity on saliva (FRAP) was determined, as well as the oxidative damage on skin (lipoperoxides content), the skin moisture (corneometry), the trans-epidermal water loss (Tewameter), the skin radiance and the skin colour, (spectrophotometry), the skin elasticity (cutometry), the skin sebum content (sebumeter), and the skin roughness (image analysis). As a result, both inter-group and intra-group analysis proved that the dietary supplement improved all clinical and biochemical monitored parameters, in both Caucasian and Asian individuals. In conclusion, the results of the study indicate a reduced oxidative stress-induced skin damage in both Asian and Caucasian women living in a polluted urban area.

scholarly journals Fine Particulate Matter-Induced Oxidative Stress Mediated by UVA-Visible Light Leads to Keratinocyte Damage

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10645
Author(s):  
Krystian Mokrzyński ◽  
Olga Krzysztyńska-Kuleta ◽  
Marcin Zawrotniak ◽  
Michał Sarna ◽  
Tadeusz Sarna
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ambient Air Pollutants

The human skin is exposed to various environmental factors including solar radiation and ambient air pollutants. Although, due to its physical and biological properties, the skin efficiently protects the body against the harm of environmental factors, their excessive levels and possible synergistic action may lead to harmful effects. Among particulate matter present in ambient air pollutants, PM2.5 is of particular importance for it can penetrate both disrupted and intact skin, causing adverse effects to skin tissue. Although certain components of PM2.5 can exhibit photochemical activity, only a limited amount of data regarding the interaction of PM2.5 with light and its effect on skin tissue are available. This study focused on light-induced toxicity in cultured human keratinocytes, which was mediated by PM2.5 obtained in different seasons. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were employed to determine sizes of the particles. The ability of PM2.5 to photogenerate free radicals and singlet oxygen was studied using EPR spin-trapping and time-resolved singlet oxygen phosphorescence, respectively. Solar simulator with selected filters was used as light source for cell treatment to model environmental lightning conditions. Cytotoxicity of photoexcited PM2.5 was analyzed using MTT assay, PI staining and flow cytometry, and the apoptotic pathway was further examined using Caspase-3/7 assay and RT-PCR. Iodometric assay and JC-10 assay were used to investigate damage to cell lipids and mitochondria. Light-excited PM2.5 were found to generate free radicals and singlet oxygen in season-dependent manner. HaCaT cells containing PM2.5 and irradiated with UV-Vis exhibited oxidative stress features–increased peroxidation of intracellular lipids, decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced expression of oxidative stress related genes and apoptotic cell death. The data indicate that sunlight can significantly increase PM2.5-mediated toxicity in skin cells.

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