scholarly journals Determination of Extraction Period and Extractant Ratio for Extracting Humic Acid from Rice Straw Compost

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huck Ywih Ch’ng ◽  
Yeong Yee Yue ◽  
Suhaimi B. Othman Osman ◽  
Jeng Young Liew
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Compost Sample ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Na Ions ◽  
Extraction Period

The process of isolating humic substances especially humic acid consumes a lot of time. The isolation (extraction, fractionation and purification) processes of humic acid from different sources such as soils, organic fertilizers and so on vary from 12 hours to 7 days. Based on the previous findings reported by other researchers, the standard extractant ratio used for humic acid extraction is 1:10 because it gives the highest yield of humic acid isolated. Previous studies tend to focus on the isolation duration of humic acid but not extractant ratio. To date, there is also lack of information about the extraction period and extractant ratio required to extract humic acid from rice straw compost. This study aimed to assess the minimum duration and extractant ratio for extracting humic acid from rice straw compost. A ratio of 1: 5 and 1: 10 of rice straw compost sample to chemical used were performed in humic acid extraction. A 5 g of rice straw compost sample was mixed with 25 mL and 50 mL of 0.5 M sodium hydroxide, respectively, and were extracted under different extraction periods (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 24 hours). There was significant difference in the extraction periods and extractant ratio on the yield of humic acid. This study revealed that an extractant ratio of 1:10 and 12 hours of extraction period are required to extract humic acid from rice straw compost and can be purified within 1 hour using distilled water. Humic acid yield was significantly lower when the extraction period was less than 12 hours because the time was not sufficient for the H+ ions to displace Na+ ions and other cations. Furthermore, the difficulty of HA extraction period of less than 12 hours was probably due to difficulty of wetting the air-dried compost. The significance of this study is humic acid from rice straw compost can be isolated within 12 hour of extraction period, 24 hours of fractionation period and 1 hour of purification period under extractant ratio of 1:10. Thus, this may help in reducing time and costs needed to produce the humate product from this compost. The extractant ratio of 1:10 is more preferred because of the higher humic acid yield obtained.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI 2 VARIETAS KEDELAI HITAM (Glycine soja) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN BEBERAPA JENIS PUPUK ORGANIK (BOKASHI) DI LAHAN KERING

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-142
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rizal ◽  
St Subaedah ◽  
Aminah Muchdar
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Black Soybean ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Difference Test

This research aims, 1). To assess the growth and production of two black soybean varieties. 2). To examine the effect of using organic fertilizer on the growth and production of black soybean. 3). To examine the interaction between various types of organic fertilizers and varieties on the growth and production of black soybeans.This research was conducted at the practice site of the Gowa Agricultural Development Polytechnic (Polbangtan), located at Romanglompoa Village, Bontomarannu, Gowa District. This research was conducted from July to December 2018. Data obtained from observations were analysed statistically (Analysis of variance with the F test) in accordance with the design used. In this study the experiments were analysed using the Split Plot Design. If the variance shows that F count is real or very real, then the data analysis is continued with the test using the Least Significant Difference test (LSD). The results showed that Detam-3 varieties had a significantly different effect with Detam-4 on the growth and production of black soybean plants, mixed organic fertilizer (bokashi manure, rice straw, and rice husk) showed the best effect on the growth and production of black soybean, and there is no interaction between the type of organic fertilizer and soybean varieties on the growth and production of black soybean. It is recommended to use Detam-3 black soybean varieties accompanied by the use of bokashi organic fertilizer made from rice straw as part of a zero-waste farming system to support optimum production

Effect of Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Pumpkin's (Cucurbita pepo L.) Leave Content of N, P, and K

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Ammar Hameed Madi ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Four Levels

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bacterial bio-fertilization A. chroococcum and P. putide and four levels of compost (0, 1, 2, 3) tons.h-1 on the leaves content of N.P.K elements. The experiment was carried out in one of the greenhouses of the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Qadisiyah during fall season 2018-2019. It designed in accordance with the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates in sandy loam soil. The means of treatments were compared with the least significant difference (LSD) at (5)% probability level. The results present that the treatments of A. chroococcum, P. putide and compost at (3) tons.kg-1 significantly increases the leaves content of K.P.K compared to all other treatments in the flowering stage (4.970, 0.5000, and 4.930) mg.kg-1, respectively. This treatment was followed by the effect of the treatment of A. chroococcum and compost at (3) tons.kg-1, which increases the values of all traits except the leaf content of (P). Bio-fertilizer with P. putide + A. chroococcum significantly increases the leaves' content of P.

scholarly journals Assay System for Simultaneous Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1084
Author(s):  
Ho-Jae Lim ◽  
Jung-Eun Park ◽  
Min-Young Park ◽  
Joo-Hwan Baek ◽  
Sunkyung Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Analytical Performance ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Nucleic Acid Extraction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) triggers disease with nonspecific symptoms that overlap those of infections caused by other seasonal respiratory viruses (RVs), such as the influenza virus (Flu) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). A molecular assay for accurate and rapid detection of RV and SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to manage these infections. Here, we compared the analytical performance and clinical reliability of Allplex™ SARS-CoV-2/FluA/FluB/RSV (SC2FabR; Seegene Inc., Seoul, South Korea) kit with those of four commercially available RV detection kits. Upon testing five target viral strains (SARS-CoV-2, FluA, FluB, RSV A, and RSV B), the analytical performance of SC2FabR was similar to that of the other kits, with no significant difference (p ≥ 0.78) in z-scores. The efficiency of SC2FabR (E-value, 81–104%) enabled reliable SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal RV detection in 888 nasopharyngeal swab specimens processed using a fully automated nucleic acid extraction platform. Bland–Altman analyses revealed an agreement value of 95.4% (SD ± 1.96) for the kits, indicating statistically similar results for all five. In conclusion, SC2FabR is a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool for both SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal RV detection, allowing for high-throughput RV analysis with efficiency comparable to that of commercially available kits. This can be used to help manage respiratory infections in patients during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Properties of hymatomelanic acid peat and its influence on the growth processes of spring wheat varieties Iren

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O. Smirnova ◽  
◽  
O.V. Rybachuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Hymatomelanic Acid

In this paper, we consider two ways for obtaining hymatomelanic acid extraction into conventional Soxhlet extractions: directly from the peat and from the dry product of humic acid. The results of the study of the elemental composition of humic and hymatomelanic acids are presented, their similarities and differences are analyzed. In order to study the effect of humic and hymatomelanic acid preparations on the growth processes of spring wheat, a vegetation experiment was conducted. Peculiarities of biological action of the solutions and hymatomelanic and humic acids of different concentrations in spring wheat varieties “IREN” were investigated. The paper presents a method for determining the ash content of the studied peat, as well as, calculations of the economic feasibility of using preparations based on the hymatomelanic acids.

Effects of humic acid and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on induced resistance of canola to Brevicoryne brassicae L

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sattari Nasab ◽  
M. Pahlavan Yali ◽  
M. Bozorg-Amirkalaee
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

AbstractThe cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hem: Aphididae), is an important pest of canola that can considerably limit profitable crop production either through direct feeding or via transmission of plant pathogenic viruses. One of the most effective approaches of pest control is the use of biostimulants. In this study, the effects of humic acid, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and integrated application of both compounds were investigated on life table parameters of B. brassicae, and the tolerance of canola to this pest. B. brassicae reared on plants treated with these compounds had the lower longevity, fecundity, and reproductive period compared with control treatment. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were lowest on PGPR treatment (0.181 ± 0.004 day−1 and 1.198 ± 0.004 day−1, respectively) and highest on control (0.202 ± 0.005 day−1 and 1.224 ± 0.006 day−1, respectively). The net reproductive rate (R0) under treatments of humic acid, PGPR and humic acid + PGPR was lower than control. There was no significant difference in generation time (T) of B. brassicae among the tested treatments. In the tolerance test, plants treated with PGPR alone or in integrated with humic acid had the highest tolerance against B. brassicae. The highest values of total phenol, flavonoids, and glucosinolates were observed in treatments of PGPR and humic acid + PGPR. Basing on the antibiosis and tolerance analyses in this study, we concluded that canola plants treated with PGPR are more resistant to B. brassicae. These findings could be useful for integrated pest management of B. brassicae in canola fields.

Effects of Corrective Taping on Balance and Gait in Patients With Hallux Valgus

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gozde Gur ◽  
Ozden Ozkal ◽  
Burcu Dilek ◽  
Songul Aksoy ◽  
Nilgun Bek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Computerized Posturography ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Background: Taping is an effective temporary therapy for improving hallux valgus (HV) in adults. Although HV has been demonstrated to impair postural balance, there is a lack of information about how corrective taping affects balance and gait patterns in adults with HV deformity. Methods: Eighteen middle-aged female patients (average age, 53.5 years) with HV were included. Corrective tape was applied to correct HV angulation. A series of balance and gait stability tests were performed before applying tape and 1 hour after the tape was applied with a Balance Master computerized posturography device. The study involved the following tests: modified clinical test of sensory interaction and balance (mCTSIB), unilateral stance (US), limit of stability (LoS), step up/over (SUO), and walk across (WA) tests. Results: No significant difference was found between the no-tape and taped condition in the static balance mCTSIB and US tests ( P > .05). The taping intervention resulted in significant improvement in the dynamic balance measures for the LoS test’s backward reaction time and left maximum excursion ( P < .05), a significantly higher impact index bilaterally in the SUO assessment ( P < .05), and an increase in step width mean and variability in the WA test ( P < .05). Conclusions: Taping for correcting HV angulation had negative acute effects on dynamic balance in the SUO and WA tests and positive effects in the LoS test. Clinical Relevance: Corrective taping, although a form of conservative treatment for hallux valgus, has been insufficiently studied in terms of effects on balance. Our results show that taping, as an acute effect, may impair balance in middle-aged adults when walking or ascending and descending stairs.

scholarly journals A radiological evaluation of alveolar bone regeneration between the left and right mandibles and maxillae of the Chacma baboon

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marthinus J. Kotze ◽  
Kurt-W. Bütow ◽  
Steve A. Olorunju ◽  
Harry F. Kotze
Keyword(s):  
Healing Rate ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Digital Radiology ◽  
Grey Scale ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
The Right

There is a lack of information in comparing the healing rate between the left and right sides of the maxilla and mandible. Osteogenesis of alveolar bone was evaluated with digital radiology by comparing differences in bone density (BD) at different time points within the left and right maxilla and mandible. Alveolar bone defects were created in five healthy Chacma baboons. Standardised x-ray images were acquired over time and the densities of the selected trauma areas were measured pre-operatively, post-operatively and at 3 and 6 weeks post-operatively. Differences in densities were statistically tested. There was no significant difference when the grey scale averages of the combined first and fourth quadrants (right side) and combined second and third quadrants (left side) were compared pre-operatively (t = 0.70), immediately post-operatively (t = 0.34), 3 weeks post-operatively (t = 0.40) and 6 weeks post-operatively (t = 0.66). There was also no significant difference between the values for the first and second quadrants (maxilla) pre-operatively (t = 0.37), immediately post-operatively (t = 0.30), 3 weeks post-operatively (t = 0.30) and 6 weeks post-operatively (t = 0.38); the third and fourth quadrants (mandible) were also not significantly different pre-operatively (t = 0.29), immediately post-operatively (t = 0.69), 3 weeks post-operatively (t = 0.07) and 6 weeks postoperatively (t = 0.06). However, the results showed an increased predisposition of the right side to regenerate faster than the left side and indicated sufficient information to investigate the effect of laterality and preferred side of mastication on the rate of healing and alveolar BD in the maxilla and mandible.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF SOME WHEAT GROWTH TRAITS FOR FOR FOLIAR SPRAYING WITH HUMIC AND GLUTAMIC ACID

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baqir & Zeboon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Factors

A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Experiment Unit, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during two winter seasons 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 to study the response of some growth traits for wheat Cv. Al forat to foliar spraying using with humic glutamic acid and acid. A factorial experiment was with in Randomized Complete Block Design applied three replications, it involved two factor ,first factor was glutamic acid with three concentrations (0,250,500) mg L-1, second factor was humic acid with three concentrations (0,1,2) ml L-1, have been sprayed at tillering and flowering stages. The results showed that all the studed growth traits (plant height, ,number of tillers, flag leaf area dry weight for plant , crop growth rate ,relative growth rate and biological yield) were affected  by spraying with humic acid and glutamic acid for two season concentration , 2ml -1 from humic acid was superior on most of studies traits , as for glutamic acid ,plants treated with concentrations 250 and 500 mg L-1 were produced the highest mean for studies traits but without significant difference between them in some traits .The interaction between two factors was significant on most studies growth traits .

Effect of Nano, Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Some Soil Physical Properties and Soybean Productivity in Saline Soil

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Kh. A. Shaban ◽  
M. A. Esmaeil ◽  
A. K. Abdel Fattah ◽  
Kh. A. Faroh
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions

A field experiment was carried out at Khaled Ibn El-waleed village, Sahl El-Hussinia, El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, during two summer seasons 2019 and 2020 to study the effect of NPK nanofertilizers, biofertilizers and humic acid combined with or without mineral fertilizers different at rates on some soil physical properties and soybean productivity and quality under saline soil conditions. The treatments consisted of: NPK-chitosan, NPK-Ca, humic acid, biofertilzer and control (mineral NPK only). In both seasons, the experiment was carried out in a split plot design with three replicates. The results indicated a significant increase in the soybean yield parameters as compared to control. There was also a significant increase in dry and water stable aggregates in all treatments as compared to control. The treatment NPK-Chitosan was the best in improving dry and stable aggregates. Also, hydraulic conductivity and total porosity values were significantly increased in all treatments due to increase in soil aggregation and porosity that led to increase in values of hydraulic conductivity. Values of bulk density were decreased, the lowest values of bulk density were found in NPK-chitosan treatment as a result of the high concentration of organic matter resulted from NPK-chitosan is much lighter in weight than the mineral fraction in soils. Accordingly, the increase in the organic fraction decreases the total weight and bulk density of the soil. Concerning soil moisture constants, all treatments significantly increased field capacity and available water compared to control. This increase was due to improvement of the soil aggregates and pores spaces which allowed the free movement of water within the soil thereby, increasing the moisture content at field capacity.

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