scholarly journals Total Heterotrophic Bacterial Load in the Gut of Detritus Fishes: A Case Study of Pichavaram Mangrove Environment, Southeast Coast, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 778-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Thangamani ◽  
N. Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Chanos Chanos ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Fenneropenaeus Indicus ◽  
Mangrove Environment ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Total heterotrophic bacterial (THB) load of detritus fin and shell fishes collected from mangrove environment were investigated. The collected fish and prawn samples were subjected to the microbiological study. The THB load was higher in milk fish (Chanos chanos) (2.24 x 105 CFU/g) followed by Indian white prawn (Fenneropenaeus indicus) (3.16 x 105 CFU/g) than the Liza parsia (1.90 x 105 CFU/g) and Penaeus monodon (1.88 x 105 CFU/g). A total of 355 bacterial strains were isolated and identified, in which 64, 57, 51, 47, 44, 42, 21, 29, 355 strains were belongs to Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp., Bacillus spp., Enterobacter spp., Vibrio spp., Flavobacterium spp., Alcaligenes spp. and Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Aeromonas spp., respectively. The present work showed that the Bacillus spp., were higher in the gut of fish and prawn samples studied. This work suggests that these bacteria can be effectively used as supplement in fish/prawn feed for commercial aquaculture or as probiotic to enhance the colonization in fish/prawn gut.

scholarly journals Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Tympanotonus fuscatus Var. Radula (Prosobranchia:Potamididae) Sold in Markets in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
U. K. Asemota ◽  
M. D. Makut ◽  
S. O. Obiekezie ◽  
J. E. Owuna ◽  
M. O. Adamu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

The aim of this study was to determine the antibiogram of bacterial isolates from Tympanotonus fuscatus var. radula sold in markets in Nasarawa State. Nigeria. Samples of Tympanotonus fuscatus var. radula (periwinkles) were bought from soup ingredient sellers at different sale locations in Keffi, Masaka and Orange markets and were analyzed using standard bacteriological methods. The bacterial isolates were identified using morphological, cultural and biochemical techniques. The total bacteria count varied from 1.18–3.20 x 108 CFU/g for the raw samples while the total bacterial count for the boiled samples varied from 0–1.57 x 108 CFU/g. Periwinkle samples with shells from Masaka market had the highest bacterial load with a mean total bacterial count of 2.94 x 10⁸ CFU/g and mean total coliform count of 2.80 x 10⁶ CFU/g. Raw periwinkle samples with shells had a higher bacterial load than samples without shells. There was also a drastic reduction in the bacterial load in the periwinkle samples after boiling under laboratory conditions. The bacteria isolated were Bacillus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus were the Gram-positive bacteria isolated. Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Serratia spp. and Proteus spp. The most frequently occurring gram positive bacteria was Escherichia coli with an isolation frequency of 6(24%), the least frequently occurring was Bacillus spp., 8(32)%. Antibiotic susceptibility test showed that all the gram negative organisms exhibited sensitivity to ciprofloxacin: Escherichia coli (32 mm), Enterobacter spp. (41.5 mm), Proteus spp. (40.0 mm), Salmonella spp. (37.0 mm), Serratia spp. (26.0 mm), Pseudomonas spp. (23.0 mm). All the gram negative organisms showed marked resistance to vancomycin: Escherichia coli (12.0 mm), Enterobacter spp. (10.0 mm), Proteus spp. (11.0 mm), Salmonella spp. (5.0 mm), Serratia spp. (10.0 mm) and Pseudomonas spp. (4.5 mm).

Effect of fusaric acid and phytoanticipins on growth of rhizobacteria andFusarium oxysporum

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 971-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca B Landa ◽  
Juana M Cachinero-Díaz ◽  
Philippe Lemanceau ◽  
Rafael M Jiménez-Díaz ◽  
Claude Alabouvette
Keyword(s):  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonas ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Paenibacillus Sp ◽  
Bacillus Spp

Suppression of soilborne diseases by biocontrol agents involves complex interactions among biocontrol agents and the pathogen and between these microorganisms and the plant. In general, these interactions are not well characterized. In this work, we studied (i) the diversity among strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., and Paenibacillus sp. for their sensitivity to fusaric acid (FAc) and phytoanticipins from different host plants, (ii) the diversity of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolates for their sensitivity to phytoanticipins, and (iii) the influence of FAc on the production of pyoverdine by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. tolerant to this compound. There was a great diversity in the response of the bacterial strains to FAc; however, as a group, Bacillus spp. and Paenibacillus macerans were much more sensitive to FAc than Pseudomonas spp. FAc also affected production of pyoverdine by FAc-tolerant Pseudomonas spp. strains. Phytoanticipins differed in their effects on microbial growth, and sensitivity to a phytoanticipin varied among bacterial and fungal strains. Biochanin A did not affect growth of bacteria, but coumarin inhibited growth of Pseudomonas spp. strains and had no effect on Bacillus circulans and P. macerans. Conversely, tomatine inhibited growth of B. circulans and P. macerans. Biochanin A and tomatine inhibited growth of three pathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum but increased growth of three nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates. Coumarin inhibited growth of all pathogenic and nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates. These results are indicative of the complex interactions that can occur among plants, pathogens, and biological control agents in the rhizosphere and on the root surface. Also, these results may help to explain the low efficacy of some combinations of biocontrol agents, as well as the inconsistency in achieving disease suppression under field conditions.Key words: biocontrol, pyoverdines, fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Paenibacillus spp., plant–microbe interactions.

scholarly journals Ready-to-Eat Sandwiches as Source of Pathogens Endowed with Antibiotic Resistance and Other Virulence Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7177
Author(s):  
Stefania Camellini ◽  
Ramona Iseppi ◽  
Carla Condò ◽  
Patrizia Messi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Vending Machines ◽  
Listeria Ivanovii ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Phenotypic Tests

The aim of this study was to evaluate and characterize the bacterial load present in twenty-four Ready-To-Eat (RTE) sandwiches, purchased at refrigerated vending machines and supermarkets in the province of Modena (Italy). We isolated 54 bacterial strains, including pathogens of interest in food safety, such as Listeria, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Yersinia, Aeromonas and Acinetobacter spp. Phenotypic tests have been performed on these pathogens to detect the presence of virulence factors, such as gelatinase production and hemolytic capability. To test their antibiotic resistance features, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against eight commonly used antibiotics (Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Ampicillin, Oxacillin, Imipenem, Tetracycline, Erythromycin and Vancomycin) was also evaluated. The results showed that among the 54 isolates, fifty percent (50%) belonged to harmless microorganisms (Leuconostoc and Lactococcus), whereas the remaining fifty percent (50%) included pathogenic bacteria (Listeria ivanovii, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia, and Citrobacter spp.), species responsible for pathologies often difficult to treat due to the presence of antibiotic resistance features. This study demonstrates the importance of thorough controls, both during the production and marketing of RTE food like sandwiches, to avoid reaching the infectious load and the onset of pathologies, particularly dangerous for old and immunocompromised patients.

scholarly journals Identification and Genomic Characterization of Pathogenic Bacillus altitudinis from Common Pear Trees in Morocco

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1344
Author(s):  
Naima Lemjiber ◽  
Khalid Naamani ◽  
Annabelle Merieau ◽  
Abdelhi Dihazi ◽  
Nawal Zhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Genomic Islands ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacillus Altitudinis ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Bacterial burn is one of the major diseases affecting pear trees worldwide, with serious impacts on producers and economy. In Morocco, several pear trees (Pyrus communis) have shown leaf burns since 2015. To characterize the causal agent of this disease, we isolated fourteen bacterial strains from different parts of symptomatic pear trees (leaves, shoots, fruits and flowers) that were tested in planta for their pathogenicity on Louise bonne and Williams cultivars. The results showed necrotic lesions with a significant severity range from 47.63 to 57.77% on leaves of the Louise bonne cultivar inoculated with isolate B10, while the other bacterial isolates did not induce any disease symptom. 16S rRNA gene sequencing did not allow robust taxonomic discrimination of the incriminated isolate. Thus, we conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and phylogenetic analyzes based on gyrA, gyrB and cdaA gene sequences, indicating that this isolate belongs to the Bacillus altitudinis species. This taxonomic classification was further confirmed by the Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) and the in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH) analyzes compared to sixty-five Bacillus spp. type strains. The genome was mined for genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) known to play a role in the vegetal tissue degradation. 177 candidates with functions that may support the in planta phytopathogenicity results were identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first data reporting B. altitudinis as agent of leaf burn in P. communis in Morocco. Our dataset will improve our knowledge on spread and pathogenicity of B. altitudinis genotypes that appears as emergent phytopathogenic agent, unveiling virulence factors and their genomic location (i.e., within genomic islands or the accessory genome) to induce trees disease.

MONITORAMENTO DE ISOLADOS DE PSEUDOMONAS SPP. E ACINETOBACTER SPP. RESISTENTES ÀS POLIMIXINAS RECUPERADOS NO HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO DE LONDRINA EM UM PERÍODO DE CINCO ANOS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Dos Santos Fávaro ◽  
Luana Szlachta Cavalcanti Dos Santos ◽  
Rodrigo Vilela Resende De Oliveira ◽  
Floristher Elaine Carrara-Marroni ◽  
Emerson José Venâncio
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Introdução: Pseudomonas spp. e Acinetobacter spp. são importantes patógenos hospitalares responsáveis por infecções de difícil tratamento. O crescente número de isolados resistentes aos carbapenêmicos tem levado a retomada das polimixinas como último recurso terapêutico. O monitoramento das taxas de resistência aos antimicrobianos norteia as terapias empíricas, aumentando a chance de sucesso terapêutico. Objetivo: Caracterizar isolados clínicos de Pseudomonas spp. e Acinetobacter spp. resistentes as polimixinas recuperados no Hospital Universitário (HU) de Londrina no período de janeiro/2016 a dezembro/2020. Métodos: Foram analisados dados referentes às culturas positivas para Pseudomonas spp. e Acinetobacter spp. resistentes as polimixinas quanto ao sexo do paciente, tipo de amostra biológica, setor de internação e perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Apenas uma amostra por paciente foi incluída no estudo. Resultados: Um total de 15 isolados de Pseudomonas spp. e 95 de Acinetobacter spp. foram incluídos no estudo. A maioria dos isolados (66,7% e 57,9%) foram recuperadosde pacientes do sexo masculino internados nas Unidades de Tratamento Intensivo (33,3% e 68,4%) e Unidades de Tratamento de Queimados (33,3% e 8,4%). Urina (53,3% e 10,5%), material respiratório (26,7% e 74,7%) e tecido (13,3% e 7,4%) foram as amostras clínicas com maior frequência de isolamento destes microrganismos. Destes, 13,3% e 13,7% foram classificados como multirresistentes e 73,4% e 80,0% como extensivamente resistentes aos antimicrobianos. Taxas elevadas de resistência foram observadas aos carbapenêmicos (80,0%; 90,5% - imipenem, 73,3%; 92,6% - meropenem), aminoglicosídeos (60,0%; 86,3% - amicacina, 86,7%; 58,9% - gentamicina), fluoroquinolonas (73,3%; 91,6% - ciprofloxacin, 53,3%; 86,3% - levofloxacin), cefalosporinas (66,7%; 92,6% - cefepime, 66,7%; 90,5% - ceftazidima) e polimixinas (66,7%; 51,6% - polimixina B, 53,3%; 82,1% - colistina). Discussão: As altas taxas de resistência obtidas demonstram as limitações terapêuticas em infecções causadas por estes microrganismos no HU. Destacando, assim, a importância do monitoramento da resistência, medidas efetivas de controle de infecção, bem como programas stewardship para o uso racional dos antimicrobianos.

scholarly journals Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Intensive Care Unit Patients of A Private Medical College Hospital in Dhaka

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quazi Tarikul Islam ◽  
Md Mahmudur Rahman Siddiqui ◽  
Farhana Raz ◽  
Mohammad Asrafuzzaman ◽  
Md Robed Amin
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Because of importance of Hospital acquired infections (HAIs), it is critical to conduct surveillance studies to obtain the required data about the regional microorganisms and their susceptibility to antibiotics. This study to investigate antimicrobial resistance pattern among Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients in a private medical college hospital setup. In a cross sectional study, 100 specimens from patients admitted in the ICU who had signs or symptoms of nosocomial infection were collected from 2012 - 2013. For each patient, samples of blood, urine, tracheal aspirate, sputum, wound swab, pus, and endotracheal tubes were obtained, cultured and analyzed with antibiogram. The most common primary diagnosis were aspiration pneumonia (49%) and UTI (20%) respectively. The most common locations for infection were tracheal aspirate (54%). The most frequent gram negative microorganisms derived from samples were Acinetobacter spp (29%), Klebsiella spp (26%) and Pseudomonas spp (18%). Klebsiella spp, Acinetobacter spp and Pseudomonas spp were most common resistant organisms among all. Klebsiella spp were resistant against Ceftriaxone (84.6%), Ceftazidime (82.6%), Amikacin (46.1%), Gentamicin (66.6%) and Quinolones (65-66.6%) respectively. Acinetobacter spp were resistant against Ceftriaxone (85%), Ceftazidime (88.8%), Cefotaxime (85.7%), Meropenem (79.3%),Amikacin (86.2%), Gentamicin (84.5%) and Quinolons (86.2-89.2%) respectively. Pseudomonas spp were resistant against Ceftriaxone (70.5%), Ceftazidime (66.6%), Amikacin (68.7%), Gentamicin (58.8%), Meropenem (52.9%) and Quinolones (81.2-86.6%) respectively. Meropenem was the most sensitive antibiotic against Klebsiella spp (84.6%) but Cotrimoxazole in case of Acinetobacter spp (60%) respectively. Escherichia coli were mostly isolated from urine, which was sensitive to Amikacin (73.3%) and Meropenem (86.6%) respectively. Gram-negative pathogens obtained from ICU patients in our settings show high resistance to antibiotics. Regular monitoring of the pattern of resistance of common pathogens in the ICUs is essential to up-to-date the use of rational antibiotics regiments.Bangladesh J Medicine Jul 2014; 25 (2) : 47-51

scholarly journals Caracterización molecular de carbapenemasas en el Perú durante el 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-8
Author(s):  
Maritza Miriam Mayta-Barrios ◽  
Juan José Ramirez-Illescas ◽  
Luis Pampa-Espinoza ◽  
Martin Javier Alfredo Yagui-Moscoso
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

La resistencia a los carbapenémicos es un problema de salud pública. Este estudio presenta la identificación de enzimas carbapenemasas en Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp. y Acinetobacter spp. presentes en cepas de 30 instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud del Perú como parte del proceso de control de calidad en diagnósticos. La confirmación fenotípica e identificación enzimática se realizó utilizando la prueba de Blue CARBA y la prueba de sinergia con discos de ácido fenilborónico y ácido etilendiaminotetraacético/ ácido mercaptoacético de sodio. Se identificaron 185 cepas con carbapenemasas: 78 en Enterobacteriaceae, 61 en P. aeruginosa y 46 en Acinetobacter spp. Los tipos de carbapenemasas identificadas fueron: blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-51 y la coproducción de blaVIM/IMP. Es importante reforzar la promoción del uso racional de antimicrobianos y la vigilancia epidemiológica en los nosocomios del país.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Isolated Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria from Tertiary Care Hospitals of Ahmedabad: A Comparison Study Between Previous to COVID-19 and Current Scenario

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag D. Zaveri ◽  
Dilip N. Zaveri ◽  
Lakshmi Bhaskaran
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) are a significant concern for healthcare setups, as it increases the overall cost of treatment, patients stay in hospitals, making them susceptible to secondary and tertiary infections and, sometimes, mortality1. To prevent or control HAIs, evaluating the organisms isolated from the critically maintained areas is considered of epitome importance and everlasting practice in the healthcare industry. Identifying such organisms and screening them for antibiotic resistance is mandatory, but it also helps professionals understand colonization trends. Sensitive areas of healthcare setups were screened monthly from years 2017 to 2020. A total of 4400 samples of hospital hygiene, e.g., intravenous drip stands, ventilator surface, anesthetist’s trolley, patient’s bed, instrument trolley, etcetera, were collected. Isolated organisms were cultured and screened using the CLSI technique. E. coli, Pseudomonas spp., and Klebsiella spp. were found in both previous to COVID current samples. Multidrug-resistant organisms were subjected to molecular characterization to detect the presence of carbapenem genes. Evaluation data of both pre-and during Coronavirus Disease or COVID-19 were compared. The prevalence of pathogenic (Klebsiella spp., E. coli, and Pseudomonas spp.) and non-pathogenic (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus spp.) strains in healthcare setups decreased drastically (Klebsiella spp. from 80% to 20%, E.coli from 90% to 10% and Pseudomonas spp. from 80% to 20%). It is possible only because of the awareness in non-specialists and healthcare workers due to the unforeseen critical situation proving to be a blessing for the future generation.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF NANO-SILVER ON FORMATION OF MICROBIAL BIOFILMS IN CASES OF TRAUMATIC LESION OF THE AUXILIARY APPARATUS OF THE EYE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Oksana Petrenko ◽  
Maryna Dranko ◽  
Victoriia Holubnycha ◽  
Larysa Hrytsai
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Silver Concentration ◽  
Ionic Form ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Nano Silver ◽  
Traumatic Lesion ◽  
Traumatic Lesions ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Colloid Silver

Pyoinflammatory complications remain an acute problem in the post-operative period of traumatic lesions of the auxiliary apparatus of the eye (AAE). Silver both in the ionic form and in composition of chemical compounds is highly toxic for microorganisms, and as a result, it shows bactericidal effect to many bacterial strains, including gram-negative microorganisms. The peculiarity of AgNPs is efficiency of influence on the wide array of microorganisms, significant anti-biofilm effect and absence of resistance reaction. The aim of the research. To study the influence of the colloidal nano silver on formation of biofilms by microorganisms discharged from the wounds of patients with traumatic lesions of the auxiliary apparatus of the eye. Materials and methods. During 2018-2019, we examined 60 patients with traumatic lesions of the auxiliary apparatus of the eye. For evaluation of the influence of colloid nano silver solution on the processes of formation of the biofilm, we selected microorganisms which were cultured most frequently (Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella ozenae) from the patients. Results. The obtained data suggest that colloid nano silver inhibits efficiently formation of biofilms at the early stages (initiation, the 0 day of incubation) of their formation by all the three microorganisms, and the degree of inhibition of the biofilm formation did not depend on the silver concentration. The effect of colloid silver in the concentrations used by us at later stages of biofilm formation (the 3rd and the 7th day) with respect to К. ozenae is less efficient – the growth of cell biomass was observed (p≤0.05), and it did not depend on the silver concentration. At the same time, the effect of the colloid nano silver on S. aureus and Acinetobacter spp. on the 3rd and the 7th days was more efficient than at the early stage (p≤0.05). Conclusions. Nanoparticles of colloid silver are an efficient means to combat biofilms, as well as to prevent their formation.

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