scholarly journals AGRICULTURE AS A POSSIBLE WAY FOR SUSTAINABLE DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT IN BULGARIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zornitsa Stoyanova ◽  
Hristina Harizanova-Bartos
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Cluster Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Scientific Project ◽  
The Given

Agriculture is an important sector of Bulgarian economy and is a trigger for the development of rural areas. The analysis of district development takes into account the importance of European cohesion policy and national support for the achievement of smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. The main aim of this study is to reveal the place and the role of Bulgarian agriculture in rural development. Based on the clusterization on a district level we defined 3 clusters. The first one – “economically poor - ecologically stable” has the highest probability for agricultural development and ability to transform into a well-developed agrarian cluster and to develop environmentally friendly activities and tourism. The second cluster –” economic developed” has potential for good prospects for the realization of the population, development of the diverse sectors, access to education and a high standard of living. The third cluster called “transitional - towards good economic development and ecologically unstable” has potential for the development of activities, including agrarian and use of new technologies to contribute to GDP per capita growth. The given policy recommendations are directed into the development of the three clusters. In the first cluster, policy makers should direct efforts to overcome the economic problems by transformation into a well-developed agrarian cluster. Cluster 2 is well developed and the policy should be directed at increasing the economic capacity of the studied areas. Cluster 3 is a transitional one and there the policy makers should try to develop a multifunctional way of transformation to sustainable territory for living. The results are part of the scientific project DN 15/8 2017 Sustainable multifunctional rural areas: reconsidering agricultural models and systems with increased demands and limited resources funded by the Bulgarian research fund.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF NEED BASE (REFORM) EDUCATION AND MADRASSA SYSTEM IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamida Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Middle Class Families

This study also aims at determining the role of these madrassas in imparting education to adult females and elderly women alike. This research is also an eye opener for policy makers that without any outside help they are working quite effectively even in those areas where government fails to provide education to boys so girls are out of the question. Another positive aspect of these madaris is that they offer a uniform curriculum and system of education. There is no distinction of rich and poor, Pashtuns and Panjabi, young and old, all people having any background, status and age have an access to education in these institutions. Almost all the students, parents and madrassa teachers showed their satisfaction over madrassa education especially for girls because they consider madrassa education associated with girls decency more over madrassa educated girls obtain better marital status, the most desired one in an Islamic society and hence considerable number of rich and middle-class families sent their daughters to madrasas & even are ready to pay fees if so required These madrassa are working independently but in recent years been started and teachers of home madrassas showed their concerns over it. Most of the teachers are unwilling to get their madrassa registered with any board for me or the other reason. Government should take measure to provide opportunities to religious sectors for improving and expanding the services of these madrassa. Moreover necessary steps should be taken to eradicate the misunderstanding between government and madrassa administrators. In this way registration procedure can be made easier and exact number of these madrassa can be brought forth. But all this requires mutual understanding and an atmosphere of cooperation and trust. Madrassa assumes central position in Islamic Education System. Recently in most of the rural areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa the number of Home madrassas increased many fold. These madrassas provide valuable services to communities in which they are located. These madrassas are a ray of hope for those girls who are not allowed to attend schools and those women who are illiterate as these institutions provide basic religious education and also a place of get together for those who are otherwise confined to four walls of the house. Most of these This study also aims at determining the role of these madrassas in imparting education to adult females and elderly women alike. This research is also an eye opener for policy makers that without any outside help they are working quite effectively even in those areas where government fails to provide education to boys so girls are out of the question. Another positive aspect of these madaris is that they offer a uniform curriculum and system of education. There is no distinction of rich and poor, Pashtuns and Panjabi, young and old, all people having any background, status and age have an access to education in these institutions. Almost all the students, parents and madrassa teachers showed their satisfaction over madrassa education especially for girls because they consider madrassa education associated with girls decency more over madrassa educated girls obtain better marital status, the most desired one in an Islamic society and hence considerable number of rich and middle-class families sent their daughters to madrasas & even are ready to pay fees if so required These madrassa are working independently but in recent years been started and teachers of home madrassas showed their concerns over it. Most of the teachers are unwilling to get their madrassa registered with any board for me or the other reason. Government should take measure to provide opportunities to religious sectors for improving and expanding the services of these madrassa. Moreover necessary steps should be taken to eradicate the misunderstanding between government and madrassa administrators. In this way registration procedure can be made easier and exact number of these madrassa can be brought forth. But all this requires mutual understanding and an atmosphere of cooperation and trust. Madrassa assumes central position in Islamic Education System. Recently in most of the rural areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa the number of Home madrassas increased many fold. These madrassas provide valuable services to communities in which they are located. These madrassas are a ray of hope for those girls who are not allowed to attend schools and those women who are illiterate as these institutions provide basic religious education and also a place of get together for those who are otherwise confined to four walls of the house. Most of these

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF NEED BASE (REFORM) EDUCATION AND MADRASSA SYSTEM IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamida Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Almost All

This study also aims at determining the role of these madrassas in imparting education to adult females and elderly women alike. This research is also an eye opener for policy makers that without any outside help they are working quite effectively even in those areas where government fails to provide education to boys so girls are out of the question. Another positive aspect of these madaris is that they offer a uniform curriculum and system of education. There is no distinction of rich and poor, Pashtuns and Panjabi, young and old, all people having any background, status and age have an access to education in these institutions. Almost all the students, parents and madrassa teachers showed their satisfaction over madrassa education especially for girls because they consider madrassa education associated with girls decency more over madrassa educated girls obtain better marital status, the most desired one in an Islamic society and hence considerable number of rich and middle-class families sent their daughters to madrasas & even are ready to pay fees if so required These madrassa are working independently but in recent years been started and teachers of home madrassas showed their concerns over it. Most of the teachers are unwilling to get their madrassa registered with any board for me or the other reason. Government should take measure to provide opportunities to religious sectors for improving and expanding the services of these madrassa. Moreover necessary steps should be taken to eradicate the misunderstanding between government and madrassa administrators. In this way registration procedure can be made easier and exact number of these madrassa can be brought forth. But all this requires mutual understanding and an atmosphere of cooperation and trust. Madrassa assumes central position in Islamic Education System. Recently in most of the rural areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa the number of Home madrassas increased many fold. These madrassas provide valuable services to communities in which they are located. These madrassas are a ray of hope for those girls who are not allowed to attend schools and those women who are illiterate as these institutions provide basic religious education and also a place of get together for those who are otherwise confined to four walls of the house. Most of these madrassas are working independently of any religious, political organization and government and are free from sectarianism, extremism or fundamentalism, focusing only on providing religious education. This study focuses on the Effects of these Home Madrassas on Girls Education. The main objectives of the study are to highlight the role of these madrassas in female education and to highlight the need of restructuring and reshaping these madrassas for better results.  

A critical review and re-assessment of theories of smallholder decision-making: a case of conservation agriculture households, Zambia

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Bwalya Umar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Uncertain Environments

AbstractDifferent theories have been posited that try to explain the decision-making process of smallholders especially regarding the adoption of new technologies or new agricultural techniques. The objective of this paper is to review and re-assess the dominant household production theories to explain the decision making of smallholders practicing conservation agriculture (CA) in the southern, eastern, and central provinces of Zambia. It also discusses the potential role of CA toward economic development. It finds that the CA smallholders studied did not aim to maximize profits but tried to secure household consumption from their own production before any other considerations in risky and uncertain environments. Their response to economic incentives was contingent on minimizing risks associated with securing a minimum level of livelihood and investing into local forms of insurance. This paper concludes that the ability for CA to contribute to rural livelihoods and economic development would depend on how adequately the factors that hinder smallholder agricultural development in general are addressed.

La politica dei Cluster in Europa: tendenze e criticitŕ emergenti

ARGOMENTI ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 99-122
Author(s):  
Alessandro Minello
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Triple Helix ◽  
Cluster Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Complex Adaptive

- Cluster policy today represent one of the main elements of the European agenda, both for policy makers and for practitioners. In the last decade an extensive-type cluster policy has produced a proliferation of clusters all over the Europe, but the generated quality of clusters created has not always been quite satisfactory. Following the input by the European commission, currently is underway a qualitative review of the goals and processes of European cluster policy. This paper aims at presenting such changes in the European cluster policy, beside the main lessons that can be learned. The analysis emphasizes some critical elements of the current process of "clustering" and highlights the role of the institutions, besides the market, in the planning of new clusters and the strengthening of those existing. The final message is that Europe needs a better cluster policy, rather than more clusters, according to the growing complexity and dynamism of clusters.Parole chiave: cluster, politica dei cluster, approccio triple-helix, sistemi adattivi complessi.Keywords: cluster, cluster policy, triple helix approach, complex adaptive systems.

Factors influencing the information needs and information access channels of farmers: An empirical study in Guangdong, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22
Author(s):  
Yongshan Chen ◽  
Yonghe Lu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Access Channel ◽  
Information Construction ◽  
Channel Preferences ◽  
Implementation Plans

Information plays an important role in meeting the quantitative and qualitative goals of agriculture in the 21st century. As an emerging economy in a developing continent, China has already made many interventions to use information technology to support agricultural development. However, information service in some rural areas is still severely limited. The overall impact of the changing information environment on the farmers’ information needs and access channels has not been fully studied. Thus, this study systematically investigates the characteristics of the information needs and channels of farmers in Guangdong, China. We have collected 4006 questionnaire samples and used correlation analysis to explore the relationships between farmers’ information needs and access channel preferences. The results indicate that individual characteristic factors, social factors and family factors have different degrees of influence on farmers’ information needs and access channel preferences. These findings can provide a reference for information construction in the rural areas of Guangdong Province and thus promote its economic development. This study can also provide useful insights for policy-makers and researchers from other developing countries to formulate implementation plans to promote agricultural development.

Public Perception—A Newspaper Medium Perspective

2011 ◽  
pp. 101-135
Author(s):  
Jing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Interpretive Study ◽  
Integration Problems

This chapter will present evidence to show that there is an absence of informed, broad, media discussion on e-commerce initiatives in Australia. As pointed out by several authors (e.g., Gittins, 1995), the newspaper medium is one of the main vehicles through which advisers and policy makers seek to influence society. Thus this medium takes on the role of a public forum on national issues. However, it was found that newspapers in Australia have failed in their role of preparing manufacturing industries for the impact of new technologies. In this interpretive study, major Australian newspapers were examined for public discussions about e-commerce in manufacturing industries. The political-legal, economic, social, and technological (PEST) framework was used as a lens to subdivide issues, problems, and opportunities identified in the academic e-commerce literature. This lens was then used to examine 103 newspaper articles identified using the keywords Australian manufacturing and e-commerce in what was believed to be all the major Australian newspapers. It was found that some articles merely report vendors’ promises of potential cost savings while overlooking the need for investment in technology, training, and maintenance costs, while other discussions focused on “users as victims” issues such as security and privacy. In-depth issues such as reliability, communication protocols, bandwidth availability, and integration problems were overlooked. In particular, the problem of business strategies was ignored.

scholarly journals Perceived Role of Rural Roads in Supporting and Enhancing Rural and Agricultural Development in Mwanza Region, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Mukole Kongolo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Farm Produce

The aim of this study was to reassess the important role of rural roads in supporting and enhancing agricultural and rural development. The study covered seven districts (units) of 35,187 sq km, with a total population of 2,772,509 (2013 est) in the region. The analysis is descriptive and it is based on secondary data using tables and graphs. The emphasis was to characterise important role rural roads can play in facilitating the movements of goods and services in rural areas. The findings revealed that rural roads in the region are in poor conditions, which influenced the cost of transporting farm produce from rural to urban areas. The study concluded that improved rural roads will benefit more small farmers and individuals residing in rural areas. The regional government should be equipped with finance, personnel and equipment to manage and maintain existing rural roads to ensure effective movement of goods and services in the region. The study suggested that existing rural road conditions need improvement to enhance development in the region. Both national and regional governments should embark on various policies of upgrading and maintaining rural roads to support and accelerate rural development in Mwanza region.

scholarly journals The Role of Agriculture in Ensuring Food Security in Developing Countries: Considerations in the Context of the Problem of Sustainable Food Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Pawlak ◽  
Małgorzata Kołodziejczak
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Strategic Role

Ensuring food security has become an issue of key importance to countries with different degrees of economic development, while the agricultural sector plays a strategic role in improving food availability. The aim of this paper is to identify relationships between the undernourishment scale and selected characteristics describing the agricultural sector within identified clusters of developing countries. Typological groups of countries were separated using Ward’s method. It results from the analyses that the greatest problems with maintaining food security are observed in the developing countries with a high share of agriculture in their Gross Domestic Product (GDP), adverse conditions hindering agricultural production and deficient infrastructure. Based on research results desirable and tailored strategies for food security improvement in individual clusters were developed. Promoting investments in agricultural infrastructure and extension services along with adopting measures aimed at increasing the households’ purchasing power, especially those in rural areas, appear to be key drivers for improving both food availability and food access. The paper focuses not only on identifying the reasons of undernourishment, but also contributes to recognition of the most effective ways to solve the hunger problem under a country’s unique conditions. It offers a comprehensive perspective for the policy formulation in various areas world-wide, which may be of interest to scholars and policy makers.

Libraries and technology: Canadian and Malaysian copyright exceptions

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (8/9) ◽  
pp. 415-425
Author(s):  
Ratnaria Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extra Effort ◽  
Library Community

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a snapshot and a comparative analysis of copyright exceptions available for libraries. It frames the differences and similarities, leading to discussion as to what extent copyright exceptions help libraries cater the changing technology. Design/methodology/approach This paper introduces the role of copyright exceptions in balancing owners and users interests. It explains evolving libraries activities due to technological development and how copyright exceptions significantly applies. Several factors in Canadian and Malaysian statutes are compared, namely, the rights granted, purposes allowed, beneficiaries affected, works involved, and conditions attached. This signifies to what extent the library exceptions cater to the changing needs and circumstances. It emphasizes the importance of awareness and understanding in order for libraries to serve its role effectively. Findings Both countries consider the use of new technologies in its library exceptions. Malaysian statute adopts a general approach which can either be flexibly or rigidly interpreted. Comparatively, Canada adopts a more specific and detail approach that might restrict beneficial activities. This paper calls for extra effort for policy makers to allow more control of digital works that may serve libraries activities. Originality/value There has not been any comparative study in the library literature on copyright exceptions for libraries in Malaysia and Canada. This study aims to provoke such discussion and how each country may learn from each others practices. It should be useful to the whole library community, particularly to both countries.

scholarly journals DAKWAH UNTUK PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN PERTANIAN DI PERDESAAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Mar’atus Sholehah
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wage Rate ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Agricultural Worker ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Job Opportunity

<p><em>This article is aimed at the description of many thoughts and ideas </em><em>of da’wa </em><em>about the role and the opportunity of woman who work in agriculture and repositioning the strategy of gender within the rural agricultural development policies. The double role of women is clearly indicating the importance of the double sources of income for a household. Women potentials, either as a housewife or as an individual of agricultural worker is the important factor to determine the success of gender strategy. The empowerment is suggested through applied and innovative technology, protection of working woman, improvement of training and extension activities, enhancement of regulations, facility support, increasing wage rate, and household industry skill development. Job opportunity is suggested to balance between male and female and encourage woman to participate in various development activities. With this, the gender strategy would improve household welfare in rural areas.</em><em></em></p><p align="center">****</p><p>Artikel ini ditujukan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang pemikiran dan gagasan dakwah berdasarkan teori tentang peran dan peluang perempuan yang bekerja di bidang pertanian dan reposisi strategi gender dalam kebijakan pembangunan pertanian pedesaan. Peran ganda perempuan jelas menunjukkan pentingnya sumber penghasilan ganda untuk sebuah rumah tangga. Potensi perempuan, baik sebagai ibu rumah tangga atau sebagai individu pekerja pertanian merupakan faktor penting untuk menentukan keberhasilan strategi gender. Pemberdayaan disarankan melalui teknologi terapan dan inovatif, perlindungan perempuan pekerja, peningkatan pelatihan dan kegiatan penyuluhan, peningkatan regulasi, dukungan fasilitas, peningkatan tingkat upah, dan pengembangan keterampilan industri rumah tangga. Kesempatan kerja disarankan untuk menyeimbangkan antara pria dan perempuan dan mendorong perempuan untuk berpartisipasi dalam berbagai kegiatan pengembangan. Dengan ini, strategi dakwah terhadap perempuan akan meningkatkan kesejahteraan rumah tangga di daerah pedesaan.</p>

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