Perception of the Image of Their Body by Young Girls with Different Types of Eating Behavior

AbstractBody image distortions are common in healthy individuals and a central aspect of serious clinical conditions, such as eating disorders. This commentary explores the potential implications of body image and its distortions for the insurance hypothesis. In particular, we speculate that body image may be an intervening variable mediating the relationship between perceived food scarcity and eating behavior.

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The Relationship between Sense of Coherence, Stress, Body Image Satisfaction and Eating Behavior in Japanese and Austrian Students

Psych ◽

10.3390/psych1010039 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 504-515

Author(s):

Kato ◽

Greimel ◽

Hu ◽

Müller-Gartner ◽

Salchinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Eating Disorders ◽

Body Image ◽

Eating Behavior ◽

Sense Of Coherence ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Emotional Eating ◽

Body Image Satisfaction ◽

External Eating ◽

The Relationship

Background: Restrained, emotional, and external eating are related to obesity and eating disorders. A salutogenic model has confirmed sense of coherence (SOC) as a health resource that moderates stress and helps limit the occurrence of overweightness and eating disorders. This study aimed to examine the relationship between SOC, social support, stress, body image satisfaction (BIS) and eating behaviors in different cultural environments. Methods: A total of 371 Austrian (161 men, 210 women) and 398 Japanese (226 men, 172 women) university students participated. The SOC-13 scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, BMI-Based Silhouette Matching Test and an analogue single-stress item were used as measurements. Results: SOC negatively affected all three types of eating in Austrian students (men: β = −0.227 to −0.215; women: β = −0.262 to −0.214). In Japanese students, SOC negatively affected external eating in both sexes (men: β = −0.150; women: β = −0.198) and emotional eating (β = −0.187) in men. BIS indicated that the desire to become slim predicted restrained eating, women’s emotional eating, and men’s and Austrian women’s external eating. Stress was only predictive of emotional eating in Japanese men. Conclusions: This study found that SOC, BIS and stress might be valuable factors regulating eating behavior in a cultural context. However, the relationship between SOC, BIS, stress and eating behavior differs between cultures.

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Research of the Relationship Between Perfectionism and Feelings of Loneliness of Youths

Postmodern Openings ◽

10.18662/po/12.2/294 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Olena Blynova ◽

Tetyana Kostenko ◽

Yurii Nesin ◽

Olena Fedorova ◽

Olena Chaban ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Empirical Study ◽

Professional Training ◽

Young Men ◽

Empirical Results ◽

Theoretical Substantiation ◽

The Individual ◽

High Level ◽

The Relationship ◽

Mass Formation

The purpose of the study is a theoretical substantiation and empirical study of the psychological content parameters of the relationship between perfectionism and feelings of loneliness in youth. A new view of modern reality with its constant changes and increased requirements for the functioning of the individual in society has been substantiated. It is noted that such a view provokes the mass formation and spread of perfectionism and loneliness. It is noted that every day more and more people, especially young people, suffer from the imperfections of this world and the feeling of isolation from others. It has been established that socially conditioned perfectionism, concern for mistakes, doubts about one’s own actions and self-criticism have a positive significant connection with the feeling of loneliness in youth (p<.01). However, rigid perfectionism and self-centered perfectionism are inversely related to feelings of loneliness. It was found that young men are largely prone to self-centered perfectionism (p<.01). A pronounced high level of loneliness was observed in n=18 subjects. Attention has been drawn to the fact that doubts about one’s own actions and concern for mistakes inevitably provoke feelings of loneliness. Emphasis has been placed on important areas of actualization of empirical results in order to develop constructive perfectionism. It has been noted that the results obtained should be operationalized in educational and professional training of students-psychologists.

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Le rapport a la santé des travailleurs: contextes et stratégies

Psihologia Resurselor Umane ◽

10.24837/pru.v9i2.376 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 72-89

Author(s):

Philippe Sarnin ◽

Christine Durif-Bruckert ◽

Sabrina Rouat

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Large Firm ◽

Organizational Factors ◽

Combined Processes ◽

Objective Health ◽

The World ◽

Different Types ◽

The Individual ◽

The Relationship ◽

Unique Relationship

The purpose of this paper is to report, from a qualitative study, the individual and organizational factors andprocesses that lead an employee to build a unique relationship to is health. We discuss these processes in relationto the construction of health among a sample of 34 „workers” selected in diverse contexts, considering health asa dynamic and co-constructed object. From biographical interviews and records of interactions between workersand professionals who support them, we analyze we analyze the transactions made between work and health.These transactions, which are defined in dynamic and combined processes (psychological, cognitive, interactiveand organizational), contribute to define the orientation of the relationship to work, the professional route, anddetermine the evolution of more objective health status and how it can be seen, lived and managed individually.This article examines three different contexts: small business employees, employees of a large firm, and job seekers.These three contexts are related with different types of strategies implemented by individuals on their healthin relation to their position in the world of work.

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Adolescent Concepts of Responsibility in Different Types of Moral Dilemmas

Cultural-Historical Psychology ◽

10.17759/chp.2017130409 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 81-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S.V. Molchanov ◽

O.V. Almazova

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Empirical Study ◽

Moral Reasoning ◽

Moral Dilemma ◽

Moral Dilemmas ◽

Moral Judgments ◽

Main Character ◽

Moral Norms ◽

Different Types ◽

The Relationship

The paper presents results of an empirical study of adolescents' concepts of responsibility in different types of moral dilemmas characterized by violations of moral norms. The study proved that the type of moral dilemma and the context of interaction of its participants determine the adolescents' readiness to recognize the responsibility of the main character of the dilemma for violating the norm. In dilemmas of asocial type adolescents are more willing to recognize the responsibility of the offender whose behavior leads to obvious damage for one of the participants in the interaction. As for prosocial dilemmas and dilemmas of confronting norms, adolescents tend to deny the responsibility of the offender. The paper provides a comparative analysis of empirically identified types of adolescent concepts of responsibility, including the differentiated responsibility with egoistic orientation, high responsibility, low responsibility and ‘polar’ responsibility. The authors highlight the ambiguity of the relationship between adolescents’ evaluation of behavior, their readiness to recognize responsibility in moral transgression, and their judgment about the necessity of punishment. The paper concludes with the discussion concerning the relationship between the level of development of moral judgments/moral reasoning and the concepts of responsibility in adolescents.

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The state and personality in the works of N.A. Berdyaev

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/20197202006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 ◽

pp. 02006

Author(s):

Stepan Yaichny

Keyword(s):

Social Preferences ◽

The State ◽

Religious Philosophy ◽

The Social ◽

Different Types ◽

European Philosophy ◽

The Individual ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Ideal

This article discusses the basic concepts of Berdyaev’s philosophy, traces the relationship of his philosophical view and political convictions. This relationship is revealed through the concept of personality, which is the central concept of Berdyaev’s philosophy. Through the attitude to the personality, we can reveal the attitude of N. A. Berdyaev to the institution of the state, understand the social preferences of the Russian philosopher, who has come a long way from the representative of Russian Marxism to Russian religious philosophy. Having understood his ideas about the ideal structure of society, we can understand the attitude of N. A. Berdyaev to the Soviet state. The article distinguishes between two different types of relationships: the individual and society - collectivism and communitarianism. Berdyaev’s view is shown in the origins of Russian communism, which, in the opinion of the philosopher, are found not only in Western European philosophy, but also in the historical mentality of Russian people.

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Managing the Information Technology

Knowledge Ecology in Global Business ◽

10.4018/978-1-60566-270-1.ch012 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 192-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Huei-Chen Hsu

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

Virtual Teams ◽

Virtual Work ◽

Viable Alternative ◽

Knowledge Development ◽

Face To Face ◽

Types Of Knowledge ◽

Different Types ◽

The Individual ◽

The Relationship

The main points of this chapter are probing for the combination of information technology and virtual work, and how to change the distribution of different types of knowledge across individuals, teams, and even the organization. The discussion in the chapter will assess the dynamics between the individual, the organization, and information technology in the context of teams that vary in their virtualness. Information technology can make convenient spread of knowledge across the organization; even the point of making virtual teams a viable alternative to face-to-face work. However, unless managed, information technology may destabilize the relationship between organizations and their employees when it comes to the transform of knowledge. Therefore, this chapter advances theory and informs practice by illustrating the dynamics of knowledge development and transfer in more and less virtual teams.

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Managing the Information Technology

Information Resources Management ◽

10.4018/978-1-61520-965-1.ch515 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 1643-1662

Author(s):

Huei-Chen Hsu

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

Virtual Teams ◽

Virtual Work ◽

Viable Alternative ◽

Knowledge Development ◽

Face To Face ◽

Types Of Knowledge ◽

Different Types ◽

The Individual ◽

The Relationship

The main points of this chapter are probing for the combination of information technology and virtual work, and how to change the distribution of different types of knowledge across individuals, teams, and even the organization. The discussion in the chapter will assess the dynamics between the individual, the organization, and information technology in the context of teams that vary in their virtualness. Information technology can make convenient spread of knowledge across the organization; even the point of making virtual teams a viable alternative to face-to-face work. However, unless managed, information technology may destabilize the relationship between organizations and their employees when it comes to the transform of knowledge. Therefore, this chapter advances theory and informs practice by illustrating the dynamics of knowledge development and transfer in more and less virtual teams.

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Understanding Query Combination Behavior in Exploratory Searches

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app12020706 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 706

Author(s):

Pengfei Li ◽

Yin Zhang ◽

Bin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Search Engines ◽

Information Needs ◽

Search Behavior ◽

Exploratory Search ◽

Retrieval Processes ◽

Behavioral Features ◽

Different Types ◽

Key Aspects ◽

Behavior Types ◽

The Relationship

In exploratory search, users sometimes combine two or more issued queries into new queries. We present such a kind of search behavior as query combination behavior. We find that the queries after combination usually can better meet users’ information needs. We also observe that users combine queries for different motivations, which leads to different types of query combination behaviors. Previous work on understanding user exploratory search behaviors has focused on how people reformulate queries, but not on how and why they combine queries. Being able to answer these questions is important for exploring how users search and learn during information retrieval processes and further developing support to assist searchers. In this paper, we first describe a two-layer hierarchical structure for understanding the space of query combination behavior types. We manually classify query combination behavior sessions from AOL and Sogou search engines and explain the relationship from combining queries to success. We then characterize some key aspects of this behavior and propose a classifier that can automatically classify types of query combination behavior using behavioral features. Finally, we summarize our findings and show how search engines can better assist searchers.

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Study of Cataract in Relation to Axial Length and Refractivity of the Eye

Asian Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.35119/asjoo.v12i3.299 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 130-134

Author(s):

Surabhi Sharma ◽

Satyaswarup Tripathy ◽

Syed Ali Raza Rizvi

Keyword(s):

Refractive Error ◽

Axial Length ◽

Age Groups ◽

Nuclear Cataract ◽

Spherical Equivalent ◽

Posterior Subcapsular Cataract ◽

Age Related ◽

Different Types ◽

The Relationship ◽

Axial Myopia

Aim: To ascertain the association between different types and densities of age-related cataract with axial length and refractive state of the eye.Methods: This prospective observational institute-based study enrolled 462 eyes of 450 patients aged 40 years or older. Eyes were classified as myopic (axial length, >25 mm), emmetropic (axial length, 21-25 mm), and hypermetropic (axial length, <21 mm). Refractive error was defined as myopia (spherical equivalent, <-0.5 D) and hypermetropia (spherical equivalent, >+0.5 D). Cataract was categorised as nuclear, cortical, or posterior subcapsular. Nuclear density was measured based on the Emery and Little Classification after slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Student t test for unpaired samples and Fisher and Yates tables were used to analyse statistical significance.Results: Emmetropia was the most common condition (417 eyes). The most common cataract combination was nuclear with posterior subcapsular (n = 198; 44%). In the axial myopia group, nuclear cataract was thecommonest type, alone or in combination with other types (n = 33; 100%). Most eyes had refractive error of 0 to -5 D. The grade of nuclear cataract increased with increasing age (n = 48 for grade IV nuclear cataract in the 70 to 79 years age group). In all age groups, a higher grade of nuclear sclerosis was significantly associated with axial length (t = 2.2; p < 0.05). The relationship was also significant for posterior subcapsular cataract (t = 2.7; p < 0.05).Conclusions: Nuclear cataract leads to a myopic shift in refraction. In otherwise healthy eyes, there is a gradual hypermetropic shift. The prevalence and grade of nuclear cataract increases with age. Longer axial length is associated with a higher grade of nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataract.

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