Women's perceptions of factors contributing to unintended pregnancy and actions to prevent it in the Eruwa community, Oyo State, Nigeria
Introduction: Unintended pregnancy, used synonymously with unplanned and unwanted pregnancy, contributes to a high health burden among women of reproductive age in many countries. This study focused on women's perceptions of factors contributing to unintended pregnancy and actions that can be taken to prevent it, in Nigeria. Objectives: To collect data that will inform preventive education and support for women and help to reduce the burden of unintended pregnancy, especially among women at a community level. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. 338 women of childbearing age were selected systematically from the town of Eruwa using a multistage sampling technique. A pre-tested self-structured questionnaire was issued to identify sociodemographic data of participants and their perceptions of factors contributing to unintended pregnancy and actions that can be taken to prevent this. The Chi squared test determined if sociodemographic characteristics were significantly associated with perceptions of effective actions. Results: Peer influence, rape, and lack of parental care were most commonly perceived as factors contributing to unintended pregnancy. Abstaining from sex, preconception counselling, and self-control were commonly identified as effective preventive measures. The perceptions that the use of arm implants or self-control are effective actions to prevent unintended pregnancy were significantly associated with the marital status of participants (P= 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). Several perceived methods for effective actions in preventing unintended pregnancy were significantly associated with the age of participants, including arm implants (P<0.000) and the calendar contraceptive method (P= 0.004). Conclusions: These findings highlight several factors that women in Nigeria believe contribute to unintended pregnancy. Efforts should be directed at ensuring victims of rape are treated fairly and without discrimination, as well as encouraging positive preventive actions, such as contraceptive use, to reduce unintended pregnancy and contribute to the reduction of maternal mortality and morbidity.