scholarly journals Consummation Anyway: A Reformed Proposal

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 223-237
Author(s):  
N. Gray Sutanto
Keyword(s):  
Covenant Theology ◽  
Reformed Tradition ◽  
Recent Argument ◽  
Ca Model ◽  
Salient Features ◽  
Central Claim ◽  
Live Option

The central claim of a Consummation Anyway (CA) model is that God could bring about eschatological consummation sans the fall—the intended telos of created humanity—apart from the incarnation of Christ. As such, the CA model is an alternative to an Incarnation Anyway (IA) model, according to which Christ’s incarnation is a necessary means by which a state of eschatological glory would be achieved sans the fall. This essay seeks to propose an argument for the CA model by drawing from the covenant theology of the Reformed tradition, and it moves  in four steps. Firstly, I shall summarize Marc Cortez’s recent arguments for IA, homing in on the major moves that are most relevant for sketching a CA model. Secondly, I will highlight the challenges Cortez has offered against those interested in defending a CA model. Thirdly, I shall sketch a Reformed account of the CA model that seeks to address Cortez’s objections. Fourthly, then, I’ll consider two potential objections against the sketch I have offered for CA, inspired by a recent argument offered by James T. Turner (2019). Finally, I close with a brief conclusion that summarizes some salient features of the proposed thesis. This paper thus proposes at least one way in which the CA thesis could remain a real and live option within this debate.

Calvin and the Covenant

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-73
Author(s):  
Pierrick Hildebrand
Keyword(s):  
Covenant Theology ◽  
Reformed Tradition

Today, covenant theology is often equated with Calvinism. The study of Calvin’s own use of the biblical covenant motive, however, has generated a controversial interpretation of the Reformed tradition. While some scholars have recently denied Calvin a genuine theology of the covenant, so as to oppose him to Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575) and the covenant theology developed in Zurich, this chapter emphasizes Calvin’s positive reception and integration of Zurich’s theology in his Institutes. Even if Calvin did not himself significantly contribute to the development of covenant theology, he ensured Bullinger’s theology gained an enduring place within Calvinism.

John Gill and the History of Redemption as Mere Shadow

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-400
Author(s):  
David Mark Rathel
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Covenant Theology ◽  
Reformed Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Accurate Reading

Abstract John Gill was an influential minister and theologian of the eighteenth century. Deeply influenced by the Reformed tradition, he made significant innovation to the doctrine of the covenant of redemption. Current surveys of his theology have unfortunately not adequately explored this innovation. The primary cause of this failure is a lack of attention to Gill’s historical context, a context shaped by doctrinal antinomianism and no-offer Calvinism. This article will contextualize Gill’s thought and provide a more accurate reading of his covenant theology by arguing that he offered a unique construction of the covenant of redemption that radically minimized human agency in the reception of salvation.

Covenant

2020 ◽  
pp. 433-445
Author(s):  
Michael S. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Human Beings ◽  
Covenant Theology ◽  
Reformed Tradition ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Redemptive History ◽  
Mutual Obligation ◽  
The Absolute

As the Reformed tradition faced different contexts, both in time and place, there could be a spectrum of emphases. Covenant has been a crucial theme for helping to hold together those emphases and maintain a sense of biblical and theological breadth and proportion. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, federal or covenant theology employed the covenant concept as one organizing theme for viewing all redemptive history and observing connections across various Christian doctrines. At its best, the Reformed tradition has been able to emphasize mutual obligation without surrendering to neonomianism as well as the absolute, unconditional, and unilateral basis of the covenant without succumbing to antinomianism. And if that is possible, then the tension that exists in federal theology may be a sign that we are dealing with a relationship in history between God and human beings that is as complex and real as it is presented in the Bible.

scholarly journals Church and Church/State Relations in the Post-Reformation Reformed Tradition

2016 ◽  
pp. 241-258
Author(s):  
Ian Hazlett
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Covenant Theology ◽  
Active Resistance ◽  
Reformed Tradition ◽  
Civil Sphere ◽  
Church State Relations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
State Relations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

This chapter outlines Reformed positions on the church, church-state relations, and the sacraments. The first section introduces perspectives in relation to predestination and covenant theology, and in contrast to the Church of Rome; considers the definition of the church and the relationship between a congregation and the church catholic; illustrates how the visible church was identified; shows how church authority was understood; examines the ministerial order, and then depicts the rationale for presbyterial polity. The church-state relations portion highlights the contrast between some who stood for a distinct, autonomous spiritual jurisdiction alongside the civil sphere and others who surrendered responsibility to the state; issues of obedience, disobedience, and active resistance to tyrannical rule are also indicated. The section on the sacraments deals with them generally and then in relation to baptism and the Eucharist. It is demonstrated that on many matters there was no seamless homogeneity within the Reformed world.

The Covenant of Works and Predestination

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-165
Author(s):  
Harrison Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Covenant Theology ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Reformed Tradition ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Human Responsibility ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines how Ussher connected the doctrine of predestination to the covenant of works, and looks at how he shaped his predestinarian rhetoric in accord with the changing political climate in England, with its shift toward opposition to predestinarian theology. The examination of Ussher’s rhetorical changes over time highlights the way that he was able to use his unique position in Ireland to navigate anti-predestinarian policies coming from the English establishment. Older literature on covenant theology argued that there were competing strands of the Reformed tradition that emphasized either human responsibility or predestination. The covenant of works, however, was developed to bring those competing traditions together. Ussher’s connection of predestinarian theology and the covenant of works in conjunction with his hypothetical universalism makes him an important example of the flexibility of early modern theological categories that defies older assessments.

John Davenant's Hypothetical Universalism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Central Core ◽  
Reformed Theology ◽  
Covenant Theology ◽  
Reformed Tradition ◽  
God's Will ◽  
Detailed Exposition ◽  
Divine Will

AAaJohn Davenant’s hypothetical universalism has consistently been misinterpreted and misrepresented as a via media between Arminianism and Reformed theology. This study examines Bishop Davenant’s hypothetical universalism in the context of early modern Reformed orthodoxy. In light of the various misunderstandings of early modern hypothetical universalism, including English hypothetical universalism, as well as the paucity of studies touching on the theology of Davenant in particular, this book gives a detailed exposition of Davenant’s doctrine of universal redemption in dialogue with his understanding of closely related doctrines such as God’s will, predestination, providence, and covenant theology and (2) defends the thesis that Davenant’s version of hypothetical universalism represents a significant strand of the Augustinian tradition, including the early modern Reformed tradition. In service of these two aims, this book examines the patristic and medieval periods as they provide the background for the Lutheran, Remonstrant, and Reformed reactions to the so-called Lombardian formula (“Christ died sufficiently for all; effectually for the elect”). Moreover, it traces how Davenant and his fellow British delegates at the Synod of Dordt shaped the Canons of Dordt in such a way as to allow for their English hypothetical universalism. A careful exposition of the various theses found in Davenant’s De Morte Christi makes up the central core of this book. Finally, this study explores Davenant’s covenant theology and doctrine of the divine will.

Power of Darkness: Narrative and Biographical Reflexivity in A Series of Unfortunate Events

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-212
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH BULLEN
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Project Risk ◽  
Young Readers ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
High Earning ◽  
Textual Culture ◽  
Children’S Exposure ◽  
Central Claim

This paper investigates the high-earning children's series, A Series of Unfortunate Events, in relation to the skills young people require to survive and thrive in what Ulrich Beck calls risk society. Children's textual culture has been traditionally informed by assumptions about childhood happiness and the need to reassure young readers that the world is safe. The genre is consequently vexed by adult anxiety about children's exposure to certain kinds of knowledge. This paper discusses the implications of the representation of adversity in the Lemony Snicket series via its subversions of the conventions of children's fiction and metafictional strategies. Its central claim is that the self-consciousness or self-reflexivity of A Series of Unfortunate Events} models one of the forms of reflexivity children need to be resilient in the face of adversity and to empower them to undertake the biographical project risk society requires of them.

Dialogues

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Barbara E. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
The Political ◽  
Section Deal ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
Central Claim

This collection of essays reconsiders a seminal 1961 article by George Kubler, the most important art historian of Latin America of the English-speaking world at the time of its writing. Often greeted with indifference or hostility, Kubler’s central claim of extinction is still a highly contested one. The essays in this section deal with Kubler’s reception in Mexico, the political stakes of his claim in relation to indigeneity, as well as the utility of Kubler’s categories and objects of “extinction” beyond their original framing paradigm.

Metastable Defects in the Amorphous Silicon-Germanium Alloys

2003 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Silicon Germanium ◽  
Dangling Bonds ◽  
Annealing Behavior ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Silicon Materials ◽  
Salient Features ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Amorphous Silicon Germanium ◽  
Silicon Germanium Alloys

AbstractThis paper first briefly reviews a few of the early studies that established some of the salient features of light-induced degradation in a-Si,Ge:H. In particular, I discuss the fact that both Si and Ge metastable dangling bonds are involved. I then review some of the recent studies carried out by members of my laboratory concerning the details of degradation in the low Ge fraction alloys utilizing the modulated photocurrent method to monitor the individual changes in the Si and Ge deep defects. By relating the metastable creation and annealing behavior of these two types of defects, new insights into the fundamental properties of metastable defects have been obtained for amorphous silicon materials in general. I will conclude with a brief discussion of the microscopic mechanisms that may be responsible.

LEADERS AND TIMES OF CRISIS: JEREMIAH 5:1–6 A CASE IN POINT

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 657-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilhelm J. Wessels
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary People ◽  
Covenant Theology ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Book Of Jeremiah ◽  
Definitive Role ◽  
Ethical Obligations ◽  
Moral Demands ◽  
The Way ◽  
Crisis Situations

The book of Jeremiah reflects a particular period in the history of Judah, certain theological perspectives and a particular portrayal of the prophet Jeremiah. Covenant theology played a major role in Jeremiah’s view of life and determined his expectations of leaders and ordinary people. He placed high value on justice and trustworthiness, and people who did not adhere to this would in his view bear the consequences of disobedience to Yahweh’s moral demands and unfaithfulness. The prophet expected those in positions of leadership to adhere to certain ethical obligations as is clear from most of the nouns which appear in Jeremiah 5:1–6. This article argues that crisis situations in history affect leaders’ communication, attitudes and responses. Leaders’ worldviews and ideologies play a definitive role in their responses to crises. Jeremiah’s religious views are reflected in his criticism and demands of people in his society. This is also true as seen from the way the people and leaders in Judah responded to the prophet’s proclamation. Jeremiah 5:1–6 emphasises that knowledge and accountability are expected of leaders at all times, but in particular during unstable political times.

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