The Economy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Ganguly ◽  
William R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
State Capacity ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Political Capabilities

This chapter focuses on the economy, which provides a critical foundation for or potential roadblock to expanding state capacity. A state's economy is an important factor in assessing possibilities of ascent to great power status. This is because a state with a weak economy is highly vulnerable to external pressure. To gain more autonomy and insulation from external pressures, one must develop the economy so that resources are available for both resisting other states' influence and pursuing one's own state goals. If these goals include gaining membership in the elite club of states, considerable resources are needed to pay for the requisite military-political capabilities. If the starting point is far behind the competition, that means that the catch-up will require considerable and rapid economic growth.

CHINA — CAN RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH CONTINUE?

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (02) ◽  
pp. 255-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREA BOLTHO
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Resource Reallocation ◽  
Labor Policies ◽  
Cheap Labor ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Catch Up

Between 1978 and 2000, Chinese GDP expanded more than seven-fold; present official projections suggest a further four-fold expansion to 2020. Is this feasible and, if so, what would be the consequences for the rest of the world? China has a huge catch-up potential and a vast resource of cheap labor. Policies are improving. The fiscal, employment and regional disparity problems, while serious, seem manageable. Hence, further rapid growth is possible. For the world economy this is bound to be beneficial thanks to resource reallocation, the growth of a large market and likely terms of trade gains. Developing countries, particularly in Asia, will, however feel a strong competitive challenge.

Ascending Major Powers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Ganguly ◽  
William R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
State Capacity ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
Elite Status ◽  
State Interventions

This chapter examines the ascent of states conventionally accorded great power status in the past century and a half. These states include Italy, Germany, the United States, and Japan. What is clear from the survey of previous ascents is that strong states are not a prerequisite for achieving elite status in world politics. Yet the absence of this institutional capacity may constitute a major domestic constraint. Continued economic growth and resource mobilization hinge on effective state interventions. Thus, problems with state capacity should be expected to hinder the rise of states to great power status. Similarly, once higher status has been achieved, problems with state capacity should be expected to get in the way of operationalizing an elite position in world politics.

Political democracy, state strength and economic growth in LDCs: a cross-national analysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Weede
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
State Strength ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
The Third World ◽  
National Analysis

While economic growth is not a sufficient condition for the elimination of hunger and abject poverty, it certainly looks like a necessary condition, particularly in the poorest countries (Ahluwalia, Carter and Chenery? 1979), So economic growth is desirable, and desired, in the third world (irrespective of one's evaluation of the effects of growth in industrialized, high income countries). As well as pressures for growth? there are internal and external pressures for the democratization of the political systems of less developed countries. Yet some authors claim that democracy and economic growth are incompatible. A strong version of the incompatibility thesis is maintained by the sociologist Andreski (1969: 266): ‘Democracy is compatible with rapid economic growth only in countries which already have enough resources to make heavy investment a relatively painless process. There is no case of a democratic government breaking through a vicious circle of misery and parasitism.’ Though qualifying the incompatibility proposition and restricting it to ‘later phases of development’, Huntington and Nelson (1976: 42–3) similarly argue that ‘… higher levels of political participation tend to produce lower rates of economic growth’. While political participation is not identical to democracy, the latter obviously permits the former. If democracy and growth were indeed incompatible in LDCs (or some subgroup thereof), then a major problem of choice has to be faced.

scholarly journals Comparing Industrialization in Pakistan and the East Asian Economies

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (Special Edition) ◽  
pp. 167-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajah Rasiah ◽  
Nazia Nazeer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The Us ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Manufacturing Growth ◽  
East Asian Economies

Drawing on the successful industrialization and catch-up experience of the UK, the US, Germany, France, Italy, Sweden and Japan, and later South Korea and Taiwan, we argue that industrialization is a necessary phase for normal economies to stimulate rapid economic growth and structural change. This paper compares Pakistan’s industrialization with that of selected economies in East Asia. The evidence shows that Pakistan not only has the lowest GDP per capita of this group, it has also industrialized the least. Pakistan enjoyed its highest manufacturing growth rates in the 1950s and 1960s. Thereafter, manufacturing grew slowly and unevenly until the 1990s and 2006, largely through clothing exports.

Despite the “New Assertiveness,” China Is Not Up for Challenging the Global Order

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Ruizhuang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Global Order ◽  
The World ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
China’S Economy

History shows that the rise and fall of great powers are conducive to conflict and war, while realist international theories try to prove there is an irresistible logic to this historical lesson. If China has indeed risen to a full-fledged great power, the rest of the world does have reason to worry about its intentions and strategy toward the current global order. But does that premise hold up? Despite China’s phenomenal economic growth and the widespread “second place” bubble, China’s economy is not as strong as it appears. The chapter argues that China still has a long way to go to catch up to the current superpower, the United States, but its growth is more unsustainable than analysts tend to assume. China has neither the capability nor the intention to destabilize the current world order, and this defines China as not a revisionist but rather as a status quo state.

PENGARUH INFRASTRUKTUR SECARA SPASIAL TERHADAP KONVERGENSI PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA

INFO ARTHA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Anisa Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regional Economics ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Neoclassical Growth Theory

Motivated by inter-regional disparities condition that occurs persistently, this study examines the Indonesian economy in the long run in order to know whether it tends to converge or diverge. This convergence is based on the Solow Neoclassical growth theory assuming the existence of diminishing returns to capital so that when the developed countries reach steady state conditions, developing countries will continuously grow up to 'catch-up' with developed countries. Based on regional economics perspective, each region can not be treated as a stand-alone unit,therefore, this study also focuses on the influence of spatial dependency and infrastructure. Economical and political situations of a region will influence policy in that region which will also have an impact to the neighboring regions. The estimation results of spatial cross-regressive model using fixed effect method consistently confirmed that the Indonesian economy in the long term will likely converge with a speed of 8.08 percent per year. Other findings are road infrastructure has a positive effect on economic growth and investment and road infrastructure are spatially showed a positive effect on economic growth. In other words, the investment and infrastructure of a region does not only affect the economic growth of that region but also to the economy of the contiguous regions. 

Chile

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Cruces ◽  
Gary S. Fields ◽  
David Jaume ◽  
Mariana Viollaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty And Inequality

During the 2000s Chile achieved rapid economic growth and improved most labour market indicators: the unemployment rate fell; the mix of employment by occupational position and sector improved; the educational level of the employed population, the percentage of registered workers, and labour earnings increased; and all poverty and inequality indicators decreased. The economy suffered a recession during the international crisis of 2008, but recovered quickly. The chapter shows that some labour market indicators were negatively affected by the crisis. The unemployment rate was the only indicator that did not return to its pre-crisis level by the end of the period studied.

Explaining Peaceful Change in Central and Eastern Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Tabachnik ◽  
Benjamin Miller
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
State Capacity ◽  
The State ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Two Independent Variables

This chapter explains the process of peaceful change in Central and Eastern Europe following the demise of the Soviet system. It also explains the failure of peaceful change in the Balkans and some post-Soviet countries, such as the Ukrainian conflict in 2014. The chapter accounts for the conditions for peaceful change and for the variation between peaceful and violent change by the state-to-nation theory. The two independent variables suggested by the theory are the level of state capacity and congruence—namely the compatibility between state borders and the national identities of the countries at stake. Moreover, according to the theory, great-power engagement serves as an intervening variable and in some conditions, as explained in the chapter, may help with peaceful change.

The management of structural adjustment and macroeconomic reform in Vietnam

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Keith Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Actual Output ◽  
Present Decade ◽  
Official Data ◽  
Low Rate

Vietnam has been remarkably successful in managing structural adjustment and macroeconomic reform. As a result, it has achieved very rapid economic growth during the present decade without, apparently, a substantial increase in inequality. All sectors of the economy have grown rapidly and yet there has been dramatic structural change. This growth and structural change, according to official data, have occurred despite a relatively low rate of investment. Our analysis suggests, however, that savings and investment have been understated, that actual output is higher than the national accounts data indicate and that growth is even faster than the official figures suggest. These results are a consequence of the nature and sequencing of the policy reforms that were introduced from the 1980s onwards.

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