scholarly journals Photoprotective Effect Of Stilbenes And Its Derivatives against Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Skin Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1199-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tava Shelan Nagapan ◽  
Ahmad Rohi Ghazali ◽  
Dayang Fredalina Basri ◽  
Wenna Nallance Lim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Cutaneous Toxicity ◽  
Radiation Induced

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from sunlight is an environmental human carcinogen. Skin exposure to UVR would increase the oxidative stress, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, melanogenesis and photocarcinogenesis. Therefore, development of photoprotective agent is necessary in order to reduce the cutaneous toxicity. The use natural active compounds like stilbenes and its derivatives have gained attention as photoprotection to skin due to its broad biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti melanogenesis and chemoprevention. This review article aims to analyse the existing literature on the photoprotective effect of stilbenes and its derivatives which include the resveratrol, pterostilbene, piceatannol and oxyresveratrol on in vitro and in vivo studies. This article describes the stilbenes and its derivatives protect and prevent UVR induced skin disorders via the reduction of oxidative stress, alleviation of DNA damage, inhibition of melanogenesis and anti photocarcinogenic effect.

scholarly journals Insight into the Influence of Cultivar Type, Cultivation Year, and Site on the Lignans and Related Phenolic Profiles, and the Health-Promoting Antioxidant Potential of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) Seeds

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurine Garros ◽  
Samantha Drouet ◽  
Cyrielle Corbin ◽  
Cédric Decourtil ◽  
Thibaud Fidel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
The Impact

Flaxseeds are a functional food representing, by far, the richest natural grain source of lignans, and accumulate substantial amounts of other health beneficial phenolic compounds (i.e., flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acids). This specific accumulation pattern is related to their numerous beneficial effects on human health. However, to date, little data is available concerning the relative impact of genetic and geographic parameters on the phytochemical yield and composition. Here, the major influence of the cultivar over geographic parameters on the flaxseed phytochemical accumulation yield and composition is evidenced. The importance of genetic parameters on the lignan accumulation was further confirmed by gene expression analysis monitored by RT-qPCR. The corresponding antioxidant activity of these flaxseed extracts was evaluated, both in vitro, using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and iron chelating assays, as well as in vivo, by monitoring the impact of UV-induced oxidative stress on the lipid membrane peroxidation of yeast cells. Our results, both the in vitro and in vivo studies, confirm that flaxseed extracts are an effective protector against oxidative stress. The results point out that secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, caffeic acid glucoside, and p-coumaric acid glucoside are the main contributors to the antioxidant capacity. Considering the health benefits of these compounds, the present study demonstrates that the flaxseed cultivar type could greatly influence the phytochemical intakes and, therefore, the associated biological activities. We recommend that this crucial parameter be considered in epidemiological studies dealing with flaxseeds.

Metabolomics of Healthy Berry Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4888-4902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda D'Urso ◽  
Sonia Piacente ◽  
Cosimo Pizza ◽  
Paola Montoro
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Berry Fruits

The consumption of berry-type fruits has become very popular in recent years because of their positive effects on human health. Berries are in fact widely known for their health-promoting benefits, including prevention of chronic disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Berries are a rich source of bioactive metabolites, such as vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies recognized the health effects of berries and their function as bioactive modulators of various cell functions associated with oxidative stress. Plants have one of the largest metabolome databases, with over 1200 papers on plant metabolomics published only in the last decade. Mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) are the most important analytical technologies on which the emerging ''omics'' approaches are based. They may provide detection and quantization of thousands of biologically active metabolites from a tissue, working in a ''global'' or ''targeted'' manner, down to ultra-trace levels. In the present review, we highlighted the use of MS and NMR-based strategies and Multivariate Data Analysis for the valorization of berries known for their biological activities, important as food and often used in the preparation of nutraceutical formulations.

Action of Thioglycosides of 1,2,4-Triazoles and Imidazoles on the Oxidative Stress and Glycosidases in Mice with Molecular Docking

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 696-710
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Balbaa ◽  
Doaa Awad ◽  
Ahmad Abd Elaal ◽  
Shimaa Mahsoub ◽  
Mayssaa Moharram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Imidazole Ring ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Binding Interaction ◽  
Qsar Study

Background: ,2,3-Triazoles and imidazoles are important five-membered heterocyclic scaffolds due to their extensive biological activities. These products have been an area of growing interest to many researchers around the world because of their enormous pharmaceutical scope. Methods: The in vivo and in vitro enzyme inhibition of some thioglycosides encompassing 1,2,4- triazole N1, N2, and N3 and/or imidazole moieties N4, N5, and N6. The effect on the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) was investigated as well as their effect on α-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase. Molecular docking studies were carried out to investigate the mode of the binding interaction of the compounds with α- glucosidase and β -glucuronidase. In addition, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) investigation was applied to find out the correlation between toxicity and physicochemical properties. Results: The decrease of the antioxidant status was revealed by the in vivo effect of the tested compounds. Furthermore, the in vivo and in vitro inhibitory effects of the tested compounds were clearly pronounced on α-glucosidase, but not β-glucuronidase. The IC50 and Ki values revealed that the thioglycoside - based 1,2,4-triazole N3 possesses a high inhibitory action. In addition, the in vitro studies demonstrated that the whole tested 1,2,4-triazole are potent inhibitors with a Ki magnitude of 10-6 and exhibited a competitive type inhibition. On the other hand, the thioglycosides - based imidazole ring showed an antioxidant activity and exerted a slight in vivo stimulation of α-glucosidase and β- glucuronidase. Molecular docking proved that the compounds exhibited binding affinity with the active sites of α -glucosidase and β-glucuronidase (docking score ranged from -2.320 to -4.370 kcal/mol). Furthermore, QSAR study revealed that the HBD and RB were found to have an overall significant correlation with the toxicity. Conclusion: These data suggest that the inhibition of α-glucosidase is accompanied by an oxidative stress action.

scholarly journals Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Plants Belonging to the Cephalaria (Caprifoliaceae) Genus

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 952
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Chrząszcz ◽  
Barbara Krzemińska ◽  
Rafał Celiński ◽  
Katarzyna Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Antioxidative Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Phenolic Composition

The genus Cephalaria, belonging to the Caprifoliaceae family, is a rich source of interesting secondary metabolites, including mainly saponins which display a variety of biological activities, such as immunomodulatory, antimicrobial and hemolytic effects. Besides these compounds, flavonoids and phenolic acids were identified in Cephalaria species. Cephalaria is employed in traditional medicine e.g., to cure cardiac and lung diseases, rheumatism, and regulate menstruation. In this review we focus on the phenolic compound composition and antioxidative activity of Cephalaria species. The antioxidant effect can be explained by flavonoids present in all parts of these plants. However, future efforts should concentrate more on in vitro and in vivo studies and also on clinical trials in order to confirm the possibility of using these plants as natural antioxidants for the pharmacology, food or cosmetic industries.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Zirconia-Based Scaffolds for Load-Bearing Bone-Regeneration Applications: Prospects and Challenges

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3207
Author(s):  
Kumaresan Sakthiabirami ◽  
Vaiyapuri Soundharrajan ◽  
Jin-Ho Kang ◽  
Yunzhi Peter Yang ◽  
Sang-Won Park
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
3D Fabrication ◽  
Dental Applications

The design of zirconia-based scaffolds using conventional techniques for bone-regeneration applications has been studied extensively. Similar to dental applications, the use of three-dimensional (3D) zirconia-based ceramics for bone tissue engineering (BTE) has recently attracted considerable attention because of their high mechanical strength and biocompatibility. However, techniques to fabricate zirconia-based scaffolds for bone regeneration are in a stage of infancy. Hence, the biological activities of zirconia-based ceramics for bone-regeneration applications have not been fully investigated, in contrast to the well-established calcium phosphate-based ceramics for bone-regeneration applications. This paper outlines recent research developments and challenges concerning numerous three-dimensional (3D) zirconia-based scaffolds and reviews the associated fundamental fabrication techniques, key 3D fabrication developments and practical encounters to identify the optimal 3D fabrication technique for obtaining 3D zirconia-based scaffolds suitable for real-world applications. This review mainly summarized the articles that focused on in vitro and in vivo studies along with the fundamental mechanical characterizations on the 3D zirconia-based scaffolds.

scholarly journals Alcohol-and-HIV-Induced Lysosomal Dysfunction Regulates Extracellular Vesicles Secretion in Vitro and in Liver-Humanized Mice

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Raghubendra Singh Dagur ◽  
Moses New-Aaron ◽  
Murali Ganesan ◽  
Weimin Wang ◽  
Svetlana Romanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Human Hepatocytes ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Humanized Mouse Model ◽  
And Function

Background: Alcohol abuse is common in people living with HIV-1 and dramaticallyenhances the severity of HIV-induced liver damage by inducing oxidative stress and lysosomaldysfunction in the liver cells. We hypothesize that the increased release of extracellular vesicles(EVs) in hepatocytes and liver humanized mouse model is linked to lysosome dysfunction. Methods:The study was performed on primary human hepatocytes and human hepatoma RLWXP-GFP (Huh7.5 cells stably transfected with CYP2E1 and XPack-GFP) cells and validated on ethanol-fed liverhumanizedfumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (Fah)-/-, Rag2-/-, common cytokine receptor gamma chainknockout (FRG-KO) mice. Cells and mice were infected with HIV-1ADA virus. Results: We observedan increase in the secretion of EVs associated with a decrease in lysosomal activity and expressionof lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1. Next-generation RNA sequencing of primary humanhepatocytes revealed 63 differentially expressed genes, with 13 downregulated and 50 upregulatedgenes in the alcohol–HIV-treated group. Upstream regulator analysis of differentially expressedgenes through Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified transcriptional regulators affecting downstreamgenes associated with increased oxidative stress, lysosomal associated disease, and function andEVs biogenesis. Our in vitro findings were corroborated by in vivo studies on human hepatocytetransplantedhumanized mice, indicating that intensive EVs’ generation by human hepatocytes andtheir secretion to serum was associated with increased oxidative stress and reduction in lysosomalactivities triggered by HIV infection and ethanol diet. Conclusion: HIV-and-ethanol-metabolisminducedEVs release is tightly controlled by lysosome status in hepatocytes and participates in thedevelopment of double-insult-induced liver injury.

scholarly journals Contribution to the biological interest of Valeriana officinalis: an update

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e67649
Author(s):  
Marta Sánchez ◽  
Elena González-Burgos ◽  
Irene Iglesias ◽  
M. Pilar Gómez-Serranillos Cuadrado
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Valeriana Officinalis ◽  
Valerenic Acid

Valeriana officinalis L. (Caprifoliaceae family) has been traditionally used to treat mild nervous tension and sleep problems. The basis of these activities are mainly attributed to valerenic acid through the modulation of the GABA receptor. Moreover, V. officinalis is claimed to have other biological activities such as cardiovascular benefits, anticancer, antimicrobial and spasmolytic.  The current review aims to update the biological and pharmacological studies (in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials) of V. officinalis and its major secondary metabolites in order to guide future research. Databases PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus were used for literature search including original papers written in English and published between 2014 and 2020. There have been identified 33 articles which met inclusion criteria. Most of these works were performed with V. officinalis extracts and only a few papers (in vitro and in vivo studies) evaluated the activity of isolated compounds (valerenic acid and volvalerenal acid K). In vitro studies focused on studying antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. In vivo studies and clinical trials mainly investigated activities on the nervous system (anticonvulsant activity, antidepressant, cognitive problems, anxiety and sleep disorders). Just few studies were focused on other different activities, highlight effects on symptoms of premenstrual and postmenopausal syndromes. Valeriana officinalis continues to be one of the medicinal plants most used by today's society for its therapeutic properties and whose biological and pharmacological activities continue to arouse great scientific interest as evidenced in recent publications. This review shows scientific evidence on traditional uses of V. officinalis on nervous system.

Isolation of hydroxytyrosol from olive leaves extract, radioiodination and investigation of bioaffinity using in vivo/in vitro methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ozkan ◽  
F. Z. Biber Muftuler ◽  
A. Yurt Kilcar ◽  
E. I. Medine ◽  
P. Unak
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Extraction And Purification

Summary It is known that medicinal plants like olive have biological activities due to their flavonoid content such as olueropein, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol etc. In current study, hydroxytrosol (HT) which is one of the major phenolic compounds in olive, olive leaves and olive oil, was isolated after methanol extraction and purification of olive leaves which are grown in the northern Anatolia region of Turkey. The isolated HT was radiolabeled with 131I (131I-HT) and the bioaffinity of this radiolabeled component of olive leaves extract was investigated by using in vivo/in vitro methods. It was found that HT could be radiolabeled with 131I in yields of 95.6±4.4% (n = 8), and in vivo studies showed that 131I-HT is taken up by urinary bladder, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, breast and prostate. Significant incorporation of activity was observed in cell lines via in vitro studies.

scholarly journals Arginine-deprivation–induced oxidative damage sterilizes Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (39) ◽  
pp. 9779-9784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Tiwari ◽  
Andries J. van Tonder ◽  
Catherine Vilchèze ◽  
Vitor Mendes ◽  
Sherine E. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Target Space ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Arginine Biosynthesis ◽  
Arginine Deprivation

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress and DNA damage have recently been recognized as contributing to the efficacy of most bactericidal antibiotics, irrespective of their primary macromolecular targets. Inhibitors of targets involved in both combating oxidative stress as well as being required for in vivo survival may exhibit powerful synergistic action. This study demonstrates that the de novo arginine biosynthetic pathway in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is up-regulated in the early response to the oxidative stress-elevating agent isoniazid or vitamin C. Arginine deprivation rapidly sterilizes the Mtb de novo arginine biosynthesis pathway mutants ΔargB and ΔargF without the emergence of suppressor mutants in vitro as well as in vivo. Transcriptomic and flow cytometry studies of arginine-deprived Mtb have indicated accumulation of ROS and extensive DNA damage. Metabolomics studies following arginine deprivation have revealed that these cells experienced depletion of antioxidant thiols and accumulation of the upstream metabolite substrate of ArgB or ArgF enzymes. ΔargB and ΔargF were unable to scavenge host arginine and were quickly cleared from both immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice. In summary, our investigation revealed in vivo essentiality of the de novo arginine biosynthesis pathway for Mtb and a promising drug target space for combating tuberculosis.

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