In vitro and In vivo Evaluation of Potential Anti Diabetic Efficacy On Cassia Auriculata Flowers

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is most significant health problem in various developed and developing countries due to alteration of various clinical and pathological factors. Current work was intended for examine in vitro and in vivo anti diabetic competence of Cassia Auriculata flowers and its phytochemical analysis. The inhibitory effects on carbohydrate digestive enzyme α- amylase interaction with various extracts of Cassia Auriculata were contrast with acarbose. Hypoglycemic activity was executed with standard as a glibenclamide. Study indicated ethanolic extract showed higher action on α- amylase inhibition with assessment of IC50 value; 43.6%. Based on the above results of in vitro studies were used to selected ethanolic extract of Cassia Auriculata flower used for further study. Results of animal studies indicated that the ethanolic extract of C. Auriculata has shown dose dependent action (200 mg/ kg (1.20±0.91↓) and 400 mg / kg (4 ± 0.01↓) when compared to control and standard drug treated groups. Our study confirmed to ethanolic extract work through the α- amylase inhibition mechanism. Our view bioactive constituents confirm anti diabetic capacity and afford methodical source for validation of Cassia Auriculata flowers in ayurvedic formulations on diminution of DM prevalence.

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In-vitro and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Plumeria indica Linn flowers

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v10i5.4301 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 168-174

Author(s):

Narendraa Yadav ◽

Sourabh Jain ◽

Karunakar Shukla

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Dose Level ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Test Protocol ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Inflammation is a reaction of a living vascularised tissue to an injury. Conventional or synthetic drugs used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases are inadequate, it sometimes have serious side effects. So, number of herbal medicines is recommended for the treatment of inflammation that has no side effects. Hence our study focused to investigate the physicochemical, qualitative phytochemical analysis of bioactive compounds and In-vitro and In-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Plumeria indica Linn (P. Indica) flowers extract which has boundless medicinal properties. The physicochemical evaluations carried out in terms of loss on drying, ash value, extractive values and acid insoluble ash value ect. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents was determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. The aqueous and ethanolic extract of P. Indica flowers was screened for in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan induced paw edema in rat model and in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity by human red blood cell membrane stabilization method. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids ect. Ethanolic extract showed best in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was screened for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity at the dose level of 250 and 500mg/kg. Indomethacin at the dose level of 10 mg/kg was used as reference standard drug. Both the extracts showed a dose dependent anti-inflammatory potential which provide scientific basis for the traditional claims of P. Indica flowers as an anti-inflammatory drug. Keywords: Plumeria indica Linn, Anti-inflammatory activity, Carrageenan, Human red blood cells membrane

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Protective effect of ethanolic extract of Terminalia arjuna bark against ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in male rats: In-vitro and In-Vivo evaluation

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.5958/0974-360x.2020.01070.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6132-6139

Author(s):

Anshuman Rai ◽

Anamika Gautam ◽

Sakshi Panchal ◽

Ankita Sood ◽

Pankaj Prashar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Male Rats ◽

Terminalia Arjuna ◽

In Vivo Evaluation

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Antileishmanial Effect of 5,3′-Hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavanone ofPicramnia gracilisTul. (Picramniaceae) Fruit:In VitroandIn VivoStudies

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences ◽

10.1155/2015/978379 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sara M. Robledo ◽

Wilson Cardona ◽

Karen Ligardo ◽

Jéssica Henao ◽

Natalia Arbeláez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Leishmanicidal Activity ◽

Antileishmanial Drug ◽

Low Toxicity

Species ofPicramniagenus are used in folk medicine to treat or prevent skin disorders, but only few species have been studied for biological activity and chemical composition.P. gracilisTul. is a native species from Central and South America and although its fruits are edible, phytochemical analysis or medicinal uses of this species are not known. In the search of candidates to antileishmanial drugs, this work aimed to evaluate the antileishmanial activity ofP. gracilisTul. inin vitroandin vivostudies. Only ethanolic extract of fruits showed leishmanicidal activity. The majoritarian metabolite was5,3′-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavanoneether that exhibited high activity againstL. (V.) panamensis(EC5017.0 + 2.8 mg/mL, 53.7 μM) and low toxicity on mammalian U-937 cells, with an index of selectivity >11.8.In vivostudies showed that the flavanone administered in solution (2 mg/kg/day) or cream (2%) induces clinical improvement and no toxicity in hamsters with CL. In conclusion, this is the first report about isolation of5,3′-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavanoneofP. gracilisTul. The leishmanicidal activity attributed to this flavanone is also reported for the first time. Finally, thein vitroandin vivoleishmanicidal activity reported here for5,3′-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavanoneoffers a greater prospect towards antileishmanial drug discovery and development.

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PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF STEMS OF THE PLANT TAGETES ERECTA L. (FAMILY-ASTERACEAE)

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2018v10i4.28468 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Jafar Ali ◽

Dibyendu Shil

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Tagetes Erecta ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Phytochemical Constituents ◽

Tagetes Erecta L

Objective: To estimate the anti-microbial activity of ethanolic extract of Tagetes erecta L. (family-Asteraceae) in association with phytochemical analysis.Methods: The ethanolic extract of the stems of TageteseErecta L. was prepared and investigate for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of has been carried out against one Gram positive bacteria-Staphylococcus aureus and one Gram negative bacteria-Escherichia coli, and the antifungal activity of the plant extract was evaluated on Candida albicans species. The testing was done by the disc diffusion method to visualize the zone of inhibition of ethanolic extract was compared with that of standard drug i.e., Ciprofloxacin for anti-bacterial activity and Terbinafine for anti-fungal activity. The MIC was determined by the microdilution method (Cup-plate method).Results: The present investigation shows the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of the stems of Tagetes erecta L. Various phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, saponin glycosides, flavonoids, phenol, proteins and amino acids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, tanin and phenolic compounds. The anti-microbial activity of the ethanolic extract of the plant showed significant results against all three of the test organisms in compare to the standard drugs.Conclusion: The present study concluded that ethanolic extract of-of the stems of Tagetes erecta L. Proved the existence of phytochemical constituents. The ethanolic extract of the plant was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards and it can be useful for the development of the antibiotics.

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In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of PEGylated Starch-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photothermal Cancer Therapy

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13060871 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 871

Author(s):

Reeju Amatya ◽

Seungmi Hwang ◽

Taehoon Park ◽

Kyoung Ah Min ◽

Meong Cheol Shin

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Cancer Therapy ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Research Field ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Study Results ◽

Tumor Accumulation

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) possess versatile utility in cancer theranostics, thus, they have drawn enormous interest in the cancer research field. Herein, we prepared polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated and starch-coated IONPs (“PEG–starch–IONPs”), and assessed their applicability for photothermal treatment (PTT) of cancer. The prepared PEG–starch–IONPs were investigated for their physical properties by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The pharmacokinetic study results showed a significant extension in the plasma half-life by PEGylation, which led to a markedly increased (5.7-fold) tumor accumulation. When PEG–starch–IONPs were evaluated for their photothermal activity, notably, they displayed marked and reproducible heating effects selectively on the tumor site with laser irradiation. Lastly, efficacy studies demonstrated that PEG–starch–IONPs-based PTT may be a promising mode of cancer therapy.

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Investigation of In-Vivo Neuropharmacological and In-Vitro Thrombolytic Activity & Phytochemical Analysis of Ethanolic Extract of Argyria Captiformis Leaves

American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences ◽

10.11648/j.ajbls.20150302.12 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Saiful Islam

Keyword(s):

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Thrombolytic Activity

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Invitro Antimicrobial Activities of Mitracarpus scaber Against Some Common Bacteria of Aquatic Origin

Media Kedokteran Hewan ◽

10.20473/mkh.v32i3.2021.119-130 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 119

Author(s):

Abdullateef Abiodun Ajadi ◽

Benjamin Emikpe ◽

Ahmed Akeem

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Zones Of Inhibition ◽

Mitracarpus Scaber

Some plants have been reported to be of medicinal values and reserve some antimicrobial properties. One of such plants is Mitracarpus scaber and its effect on bacterial growth is evaluated. The study aimed at evaluating the phytochemical analyses and antimicrobial potentials of Mitracarpus scaber against aquatic bacteria including Aeromonas, Bacillus, Vibrio and Staphylococcus Spp. Leaves of Mitracarpus scaber were collected, washed and air dried and phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial investigation of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves were carried out against a panel of bacteria isolated from diseased catfish from various farms. The phytoconstituents detected include saponins, tannins, flavonoids, tarpenoids, steroids, anthraquinones and alkaloids in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of M. scaber showed varying degree of antibacterial activities but ethanolic extract showed a higher activity against the pathogens tested. The ethanolic extract had zones of inhibition similar to that of standard antibiotics (enrofloxacin) across all tested microbes. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of ethanolic extract of M. scaber was against Bacillus sp with 10mg/ml while the highest was 85mg/ml against Staphylococcus species. The results of the assays showed promising evidences that M. scaber is a potential antibacterial agent against aquatic microbes. However, further studies are recommended to fractionate its constituents and determine the in vitro and in vivo anti-microbial activities and the exact mechanism of action of the constituents.

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In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Doxycycline against SARS-CoV-2

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25215064 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (21) ◽

pp. 5064 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mathieu Gendrot ◽

Julien Andreani ◽

Priscilla Jardot ◽

Sébastien Hutter ◽

Océane Delandre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiviral Activity ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Experimental Models ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Study Results ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Approved Drugs

In December 2019, a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan, China. Despite containment measures, SARS-CoV-2 spread in Asia, Southern Europe, then in America and currently in Africa. Identifying effective antiviral drugs is urgently needed. An efficient approach to drug discovery is to evaluate whether existing approved drugs can be efficient against SARS-CoV-2. Doxycycline, which is a second-generation tetracycline with broad-spectrum antimicrobial, antimalarial and anti-inflammatory activities, showed in vitro activity on Vero E6 cells infected with a clinically isolated SARS-CoV-2 strain (IHUMI-3) with median effective concentration (EC50) of 4.5 ± 2.9 µM, compatible with oral uptake and intravenous administrations. Doxycycline interacted both on SARS-CoV-2 entry and in replication after virus entry. Besides its in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, doxycycline has anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and could prevent co-infections and superinfections due to broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Therefore, doxycycline could be a potential partner of COVID-19 therapies. However, these results must be taken with caution regarding the potential use in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients: it is difficult to translate in vitro study results to actual clinical treatment in patients. In vivo evaluation in animal experimental models is required to confirm the antiviral effects of doxycycline on SARS-CoV-2 and more trials of high-risk patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 infections must be initiated.

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Polyamidoamine dendrimer and dextran conjugates: preparation, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation

Chemical Papers ◽

10.2478/s11696-010-0042-6 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Prabhat Shrivastava ◽

Royana Singh ◽

Sushant Shrivastava

Keyword(s):

Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽

Pamam Dendrimer ◽

Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽

Ulcer Index ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Dextran 40

AbstractAmide and ester conjugates of aceclofenac with polyamidoamine (PAMAM-G0) dendrimer zero generation and dextran (40 kDa) polymeric carrier, respectively, are presented. The prepared conjugates were characterized by UV, TLC, HPLC, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The average degrees of substitution of amide and ester conjugates were determined and found to be (12.5 ± 0.24) % and (7.5 ± 0.25) %, respectively. The in vitro hydrolysis studies showed that dextran ester conjugate hydrolyzed faster in a phosphate buffer solution of pH 9.0 as compared to PAMAM dendrimer G0 amide conjugate, and followed the first order kinetics. No amount of the drug was regenerated at pH 1.2 in simulated gastric fluid. The dextran conjugate showed short half-life as compared to the PAMAM dendrimer conjugate. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the dendrimer conjugate were found to be similar to those of the standard drug. Results of chronic ulceroginic activity showed deep ulceration and high ulcer index for aceclofenac, whereas lower ulcer index was found for the PAMAM dendrimer and dextran (40 kDa) conjugates. Experimental data suggest that PAMAM dendrimer and dextran (40 kDa) can be used as carriers for the sustained delivery of aceclofenac along with a remarkable reduction in gastrointestinal toxicity.

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Evaluation of in vitro Cholesterol esterase inhibitory and in vivo Anti-hyperlipidemic activity of aqueous extract of Plukenetia conophora Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)

International Journal of Phytomedicine ◽

10.5138/09750185.2324 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Glory Oluremilekun Ajayi ◽

Aleshe Modupe Nofisat ◽

Bassey Mfon Jessica

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Cholesterol Esterase ◽

High Cholesterol Diet ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Cholesterol Diet ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

Edible Plant ◽

Standard Drug

Hyperlipidemia is a condition of abnormally high lipids levels in the blood which has been ranked as one of the greatest risk factors contributing to prevalence and severity of coronary heart disease. The available antihyperlipidemic drugs have been associated with some side effects however, herbal management of hyperlipidemia are relatively safe, cheap and readily available. P. conophora is an edible plant consumed in Nigeria as snack and speculated to have beneficial effect on blood lipid profile. The present study evaluates anti-hyperlipidemic effect of aqueous extract of cooked P. conophora nut using in vivo and in vitro experimental models.The anti-hyperlipidemic activity was evaluated using tyloxapol induced-hyperlipidemic rats by intraperitoneal injections of Tyloxapol at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight and high cholesterol-diet induced rats by oral administration of high cholesterol diet for 60 days. Cholesterol esterase enzyme inhibition was used for the in vitro evaluation.Aqueous extract of P. conophora at varying doses, reduced the elevated lipid parameters in both models; the dose of 500 mg/kg showed comparable hypolipidemic effects with standard drug (Simvastatin) at 10 mg/kg (P<0.01). The extract also inhibited cholesterol esterase enzyme with IC50 value of 129.30±0.10μg/ml while Simvastatin with IC50 value of 51.42±0.13μg/ml. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of; Flavonoids, saponin, cardiac glycoside, alkaloids, tannins, steroids and reducing sugar.P. conophora extract exhibited strong hypolipidemic activity and the dose of 500mg/kg demonstrated equipotent activity as the standard drug; Simvastatin 10mg/kg. The extract also showed inhibitory activity against pancreatic cholesterol esterase enzyme; hence can be used to limit absorption of dietary cholesterol, prevent and treat hyperlipidemia.

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