scholarly journals Invitro Antimicrobial Activities of Mitracarpus scaber Against Some Common Bacteria of Aquatic Origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Abdullateef Abiodun Ajadi ◽  
Benjamin Emikpe ◽  
Ahmed Akeem
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Mitracarpus Scaber

Some plants have been reported to be of medicinal values and reserve some antimicrobial properties. One of such plants is Mitracarpus scaber and its effect on bacterial growth is evaluated. The study aimed at evaluating the phytochemical analyses and antimicrobial potentials of Mitracarpus scaber against aquatic bacteria including Aeromonas, Bacillus, Vibrio and Staphylococcus Spp. Leaves of Mitracarpus scaber were collected, washed and air dried and phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial investigation of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves were carried out against a panel of bacteria isolated from diseased catfish from various farms. The phytoconstituents detected include saponins, tannins, flavonoids, tarpenoids, steroids, anthraquinones and alkaloids in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of M. scaber showed varying degree of antibacterial activities but ethanolic extract showed a higher activity against the pathogens tested. The ethanolic extract had zones of inhibition similar to that of standard antibiotics (enrofloxacin) across all tested microbes.  The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of ethanolic extract of M. scaber was against Bacillus sp with 10mg/ml while the highest was 85mg/ml against Staphylococcus species. The results of the assays showed promising evidences that M. scaber is a potential antibacterial agent against aquatic microbes.  However, further studies are recommended to fractionate its constituents and determine the in vitro and in vivo anti-microbial activities and the exact mechanism of action of the constituents.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF SYZYGIUM CARYOPHYLLATUM FOR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Raghunath Pendru ◽  
Jagan Nadipelly ◽  
Jyothinath Kothapalli ◽  
Subbannayya Kotigadde
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

 Objective: It has been well documented that traditional medicinal plants confer considerable antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms.Methods: The present study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Syzygium caryophyllatum against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri, and Vibrio cholerae. The aqueous extract was prepared using cold percolation method, and ethanolic extract was prepared in Soxhlet apparatus using ethyl alcohol. Antimicrobial activity is being determined by time-kill assay and minimum inhibitory concentration.Results: From our study, it is found that all tested organisms were sensitive to both aqueous and ethanolic extract of leaves of S. caryophyllatum. The ethanolic extract showed better antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. typhi when compare to aqueous extract. The phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenols, tannins, and saponins in the ethanolic and aqueous extract of S. caryophyllatum. Conclusion: We hypothesize that these active phytoconstitutents might be responsible for the antimicrobial activity of this plant.

Antimicrobial activity of antiproteinases

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. Sallenave
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Neutrophil Elastase ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Transfer Vectors

Low-molecular-mass neutrophil elastase inhibitors have been shown to be important in the control of lung inflammation. In addition to inhibiting the enzyme neutrophil elastase, these low-molecular-mass compounds (10 kDa) have been shown to have other activities. For example, secretory leucocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI) and elastase-specific inhibitor/SKALP (skin-derived antileucoproteinase)/elafin have also been shown to have ‘defensin’-like antimicrobial activities. Indeed, these inhibitors have antimicrobial properties in vitro against bacteria, fungi and, potentially, HIV. In addition, we have shown, using an adenovirus-mediated gene transfer overexpression strategy, that elafin is also active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice in vivo. The mechanism of action is currently under investigation. In addition to these direct or indirect effects on microbes, it has been shown that lipopolysaccharide is able to up-regulate SPLI production in macrophages in vitro, and that the addition of recombinant SLPI to human monocytes or the transfection of macrophages with SPLI can down-regulate pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumour necrosis factor, presumably to limit self-damaging excessive inflammation. Using viral gene transfer vectors, we are currently investigating the potential of these inhibitors in various models of inflammation in vivo.

scholarly journals Antileishmanial Effect of 5,3′-Hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavanone ofPicramnia gracilisTul. (Picramniaceae) Fruit:In VitroandIn VivoStudies

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Robledo ◽  
Wilson Cardona ◽  
Karen Ligardo ◽  
Jéssica Henao ◽  
Natalia Arbeláez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Leishmanicidal Activity ◽  
Antileishmanial Drug ◽  
Low Toxicity

Species ofPicramniagenus are used in folk medicine to treat or prevent skin disorders, but only few species have been studied for biological activity and chemical composition.P. gracilisTul. is a native species from Central and South America and although its fruits are edible, phytochemical analysis or medicinal uses of this species are not known. In the search of candidates to antileishmanial drugs, this work aimed to evaluate the antileishmanial activity ofP. gracilisTul. inin vitroandin vivostudies. Only ethanolic extract of fruits showed leishmanicidal activity. The majoritarian metabolite was5,3′-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavanoneether that exhibited high activity againstL. (V.) panamensis(EC5017.0 + 2.8 mg/mL, 53.7 μM) and low toxicity on mammalian U-937 cells, with an index of selectivity >11.8.In vivostudies showed that the flavanone administered in solution (2 mg/kg/day) or cream (2%) induces clinical improvement and no toxicity in hamsters with CL. In conclusion, this is the first report about isolation of5,3′-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavanoneofP. gracilisTul. The leishmanicidal activity attributed to this flavanone is also reported for the first time. Finally, thein vitroandin vivoleishmanicidal activity reported here for5,3′-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavanoneoffers a greater prospect towards antileishmanial drug discovery and development.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and toxicity on Cavia porcellus of Dialium angolense Welw. Ex Oliv, a traditional medicinal plant from Bagira in Eastern of DR Congo

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-180
Author(s):  
Bashige Chiribagula V ◽  
Bakari Amuri S ◽  
Okusa Ndjolo Philippe ◽  
Kahumba Byanga J ◽  
Duez P ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Cavia Porcellus ◽  
E Coli

Dialium angolense is used in Bagira for its various medicinal properties particularly in the management of infectious diseases. In this study, the methanol and aqueous extracts of leaves and fruits were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and their in vivo toxicity on Cavia porcellus. The major phytochemical classes of extracts were screened using standard in-tube reactions. The antimicrobial study was tested on Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae using agar well diffusion and dilution methods, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated by a DPPH assay. For the acute toxicity study, animals (6/group) were orally given in a single dose 5000, 1000 or 15000 mg of extract/kg body weight (BW) then observed for 14 days. In sub-acute toxicity assays, 150 or 300 mg/kg BW/day were orally given, and animals observed for 28 days. Total phenolics and total flavonoids contents ranged 1.19 to 1.61 mg GAE.g-1 and 0.45 to 1.01 mg QEg-1, respectively. The extracts presented antioxidant activity with IC50 ranging 4.9 to 6.9 µg/mL. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) on tested strains ranged from 1.9 to 500 µg/mL with the aqueous extract of fruits as a most active extract: MIC=1.9 µg/mL on E. coli and C. albicans. No signs of toxicity were noted during the acute and sub-acute toxicity assessments, suggesting a maximal tolerate doses (MDT) and LD50 > 15000 mg/kg BW. This study highlights the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Dialium angolense and suggests that further studies be directed towards the isolation of active compounds.

scholarly journals Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antihelminthic Properties of Ethanolic, Methanolic and Water Extracts of Pollen

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Anita Rana
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Diffusion Assay ◽  
Broth Dilution

Microorganisms and helminthes can cause serious diseases in humans as well as in animals. The use of antimicrobial and antihelminthic drugs have created selective pressure and caused resistance to antibiotics used against them, thus it necessitates the use of honey bee’s derived natural products. One such bee derived product is pollen, collected by worker honey bees from the flowering plants and modify it by adding its salivary secretions. The present study embodies use of pollen as antimicrobial and antihelminthic substance. Among microorganisms 4 Gram (+ve) bacteria; (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae) and 3 Gram (-ve) bacteria; (Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteric) and 2 yeasts (Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were used and the methodology used disc diffusion assay and broth dilution method. The antihelminthic effect was observed among amphistomes via bioassay method under in vitro conditions. For observations three types of pollen extracts (ethanolic, methanolic and water extract) were prepared and positive controls used were; Ampicillin for antibacterial, Amphotericin B for antifungal and Albendazole for anti-helminthes. The antimicrobial activities were determined by measuring the zones of inhibition diameters in millimeters after 24 hours of incubation at optimum temperature for each microbe and also by broth dilution method. Results obtained showed that the water extract of pollen was found to be most effective against bacteria used in the present study where; Gram (+ve) bacteria were more susceptible as compared to the Gram (-ve) bacteria. It was also observed that among yeasts; Saccharomyces cerevisiae was more susceptible towards ethanolic extract of pollen while Candida albicans showed more inhibitions towards water extract of pollen. Results also demonstrated that none of the extracts of pollen was found to be effective against Helminthes (amphistomes) used in the present study.

scholarly journals Comparative Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Ficus capensis, Aristolochia ringens, Albizia zygia and Lannea welwitschii

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred O Obonga ◽  
Philip F Uzor ◽  
Emmanuel O Ekwealor ◽  
Sampson C Nwabuko
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

The present study was aimed at a comparative study of the phytoconstituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of four medicinal plants, Ficus capensis, Aristolochia ringens, Albizia zygia and Lannea welwitschii. The leaf of F. capensis and stem bark of A. ringens, A. zygia and L. welwitschii were extracted using methanol. Phytochemical analysis was done spectrophotometrically. Three in vitro antioxidant tests-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydroxyl (DPPH) scavenging models were employed. Antimicrobial test was done by agar diffusion method against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiela pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Candida albicans and Aspergittus spp. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the most abundant phytoconstituents were flavonoids (F. capensis and A. zygia), reducing sugar, terpenoids, alkaloids and tannins. In the antioxidant models, A. zygia was found to produce the least IC50 in two of the models (NO and DPPH). Results of the antimicrobial tests showed that A. zygia showed a broader spectrum of activity than other plants. This study has shown that these plants possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activities which further justify their usage in traditional medicines. A. zygia featured prominently in these activities. Also flavonoids could be responsible for the bioactivities of these plants.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(2): 147-157, 2017 (December)

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SEEDPOD AND QUERCETIN OF NELUMBO NUCIFERA GAERTN

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Ruvanthika Pn ◽  
Manikandan S
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
E Coli ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate whether ethanolic extracts of Nelumbo nucifera (EENN) seedpod and quercetin (active component of NN) possess antibacterial proprieties against Gram (-) bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram (+) bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: Antibacterial activities of EENN seedpod and quercetin were investigated using disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration against E. coli and P. aeruginosa and Gram (+) bacteria such as S. aureus. Results: The antibacterial activity of both EENN seedpod and quercetin was found to be increased in dose-dependent manner. The maximum zone of inhibition was exhibited by both EENN seedpod and quercetin against E. coli (14 mm and 15 mm) and P. aeruginosa (13 mm and 15 mm). Gram-negative bacteria were more susceptible to the EENN seedpod extract and quercetin than Gram-positive bacteria.Conclusion: The results of the present study suggested that the effect of EENN seedpod and quercetin against the tested bacteria in vitro may contribute to the in vivo activities of the EENN seedpod and quercetin.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF SOME NOVEL BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES BEARING HYDRAZONE MOIETY

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jayanta Sarma ◽  
Gurvinder Singh ◽  
Mukta Gupta ◽  
Reena Gupta ◽  
Bhupinder Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Objective: The synthesis of novel benzimidazole-hydrazone derivatives has been carried out based on the previous findings that both these pharmacophores possess potent antimicrobial activities. The antibacterial properties of synthesized derivatives were screened against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Methods: O-phenylenediamine on condensation with substituted aromatic acids in polyphosphoric acid gave benzimidazole nucleus which on reaction with ethyl chloroacetate and hydrazine hydrate in two different steps resulted in the formation of substituted acetohydrazides. The targeted compounds 6a-l were synthesized by reaction of substituted acetohydrazides with aromatic aldehydes and screened for their antibacterial potential by cup-plate method.Results: The synthesized benzimidazole-hydrazones exhibited moderate to strong antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The compounds 6a-6f were found to be most effective against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. Among all the synthesized compounds, the zone of inhibition of 6f in highest concentration, i.e., 100 μg/ml were found to be >31 mm against all the stains of bacteria.Conclusion: The antibacterial results revealed that the synthetized derivatives have significant antimicrobial properties and further structure activity relationship studies may develop more potent and less toxic molecules.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic activities, and wound healing potential of Thymbra capitata ethanolic extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceylan Hepokur ◽  
Sema Misir ◽  
Tutku Tunç ◽  
Ugur Tutar ◽  
Ali Ihsan Hepokur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Xtt Assay ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Mcf 7

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to detect the chemical compounds of Thymbra capitata ethanolic extract (TC-EtOH) as well as to evaluated its antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic activities, and in vivo wound healing effects.MethodsThe chemical composition of TC-EtOH was analyzed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were determined with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), disc diffusion test and broth micro-dilution (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC]) methods, respectively. Cytotoxic activity was tested on MG63 (human osteosarcoma) and MCF-7 (human breast carcinoma) cells by 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assay. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) protein levels were determined by ELISA.ResultsThe major components of TC-EtOH were tetratria contane (14.92%), camphor (12.50%), and terpineol (10.77%). TC-EtOH showed powerful antimicrobial activity in C. Tropicalis (0.03 mg/mL). The IC50 values of the TC-EtOH of the DPPH were determined 21.5 μg/mL. The IC50 values were calculated 37.28 and 44.40 μg/mL on the MG63 and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively. It was observed that the wounds treated with TC-EtOH showed a faster healing.ConclusionsAccording to results, T. capitata species are thought to be natural antioxidants and a novel pharmaceutical compound for the pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals In vitro Antibacterial Activities of Honey Bee Extracts against Bacterial Isolates of Wound Infections

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
O. A. Ayodele ◽  
J. O. Aribisala ◽  
A. T. Oseni ◽  
M. K. Oladunmoye
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Microorganisms most especially bacteria, continue to develop resistance against antimicrobial agents; hence novel sources of antibiotics are urgently needed to reduce this problem. This study was carried out to investigate the antibacterial activities of ethanolic, chloroform and aqueous extracts of Apis mellifera (honey bee) on isolates of wound infections. The isolates used in this study were procured from University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) and confirmed using morphological and biochemical tests. The isolates used include; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pnuemoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris. Honey bees were collected from an apitherapist at Sunshine honey and agro foods, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria. The whole insect was used for in vitro antibacterial evaluation of the isolates using agar well diffusion method. Ethanolic extract of A. mellifera had the highest inhibitory activity with mean zones of inhibition ranging from 7.40 mm to 21.67 mm, chloroform extracts had moderate inhibitory activity ranging from 4.63 mm to 10.03 mm while the aqueous extract had the least activity with zones of inhibition ranging from 3.00 mm to 6.30 mm. However, no antibacterial activity was observed against P. aeruginosa for all the extracts. It is concluded that extracts of honey bees most especially the ethanolic extract have antibacterial activity and thus could be a potential antibacterial agent against isolates of wound infections.

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