Characterization and Evaluation of Carboxymethyl Starch of Cajanus Cajan Seeds as Tablet Binder

The aim of this study was to characterize carboxymethyl cajanus cajan starch (CMCCS) and evaluate its capacity as binder, using metronidazole as model drug. Wet granulation method was adopted in preparation of metronidazole tablets containing CMCCS. Native cajanus cajan starch (NCCS) was carboxymethylated using monochloroacetic acid (MCA) and sodium hydroxide. Also the effect of CMCCS concentration and wet massing time on the physical properties of metronidazole (200 mg) tablet formulations was tested in a 22 full factorial design. The degree of substitution, amylose content, moisture content, pH and moisture uptake of CMCCS were found to be 0.252, 20.92%, 8.86 %, 6.9 and 48.5 respectively. Also CMCCS dissolved in cold water forming viscous solution. Similarly amylose content, moisture content, pH and moisture uptake of NCCS were 32.9%, 9.6 %, 6.12 and 17.34% respectively. in terms of bulk density, NCCS gave higher values compared to CMCCS. The values of Hausner ratio were 1.42 and 1.46 for NCCS and CMCCS respectively. The results of angle of repose revealed that the CMCCS had good flow characteristics, while the NCCS had passable flow characteristics. FT-IR analysis of the CMCCS sample showed peak shifting compared to the NCCS sample indicating carboxymethylation. CMCCS with degree of substitution (DS) of 0.252 was synthesized and it was further evaluated as tablet excipient in metronidazole based tablets. The results of quality control tests which performed for metronidazole formulations that prepared by CMCCS as binder, showed that the increase of CMCCS concentration from 12.5 % to 17.5 % led to increase in hardness and decrease in % friability values significantly, but no significant effect on DT was observed when wet massing time was kept at 6 min but when wet massing time was increased to 12 min, DT was significantly increased. Also the increase of wet massing time from 6 to 12 min led to slight increase in tablets hardness. The % friability was decreased due to increasing in wet massing time only in formulations containing CMCCS at 17.5%. Also all the batches showed more 90 % drug release within 15 min. Generally, the physicochemical and functional properties of CMCCS and NCCS showing that both NCCS and CMCCS can be used as tablet excipient in pharmaceutical industries. With CMCCS having superior properties compared to unmodified cajanus cajan starch.

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Physical Properties, Pasting Characteristics and Rheological Behaviour of Paddy Varieties Suitable for Flaking

Food Science and Engineering ◽

10.37256/fse.122020617 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dhritiman Saha ◽

Arun Kumar T V ◽

Swati Sethi ◽

Indore Navnath

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Amylose Content ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Brown Rice ◽

Rheological Behaviour ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Mean Diameter

A study was conducted to find the effect of moisture content on various physical properties of paddy varieties (MTU-1010 and BB-11) suitable for flaking. The range of moisture studied was 11.11% to 28.2% (d.b.) for both the paddy varieties. The bulk density of the paddy increased from 514.76 kg/m3 to 563.62 kg/m3 for MTU-1010 variety and 605.28 kg/m3 to 632.62 kg/m3 for BB-11 variety respectively when the moisture content was increased in the experimental range. The sphericity increased from 0.386 to 0.399 for MTU-1010 variety and 0.448 to 0.458 for BB-11 variety with increase in moisture content. The true density and porosity decreased with the increase in moisture content of paddy. The other physical properties such as test weight, surface area, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter and angle of repose increased with the increase in moisture content of paddy. The static coefficient of friction of paddy increased with the increase in moisture content on different surfaces e.g. wood, mild steel, and galvanized iron. The regression equations for all the response variables were significant at P < 0.05 with coefficient of determination, R2 (> 0.90). The amylose content in MTU-1010 and BB-11 variety was found to be 30.23% and 26.32% respectively indicating that high amylose containing paddy varieties are generally used for flaking paddy. Further, the pasting properties of both the paddy varieties revealed higher pasting temperature in paddy variety MTU-1010 than BB-11. The rheological studies highlighted higher storage modulus of brown rice than the polished rice for both the paddy varieties.

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Comparative Physicochemical Evaluation of Starch Extracted from Cajanus Cajan Seeds Grown in Sudan as a Pharmaceutical Excipient Against Maize Starch

Oriental Journal of Physical Sciences ◽

10.13005/ojps02.02.11 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 114-120

Author(s):

Ahmed Abdalla Bakheit ◽

Daud Baraka Abdallah ◽

Elnazeer I. Hamedelniel ◽

Zuheir Osman ◽

Khaled M. Algaobahi

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Cold Water ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Maize Starch ◽

Pharmaceutical Excipient ◽

Physicochemical Evaluation ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

The objective of this work was to extract and to investigate the physicochemical properties of Cajanus cajan starch (CCS) for use as pharmaceutical excipient and to compare its properties with official maize starch. Cajanus cajan seeds yielded 32.6 % starch on dry weight basis and several physicochemical characteristics of the extracted CCS and maize starch were evaluated such as: pH, moisture content, cold water solubility, swelling capacity, hydration capacity, moisture uptake, Amylose/Amylopectin ratio, flow properties and bulk and tapped densities. Also, the microphotograph and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) had been taken for both starch samples. The physicochemical properties of CCS compared favorably with those of maize starch, suggesting that CCS can be used as tablet excipient in pharmaceutical industries.

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Physico-Chemical and Functional Properties of Nine Proso Millet Cultivars

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.12553 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 1165-1174 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Manjot Singh ◽

Akinbode Adedeji ◽

Dipak Santra

Keyword(s):

Functional Properties ◽

Amylose Content ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Value Added ◽

Pasting Properties ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

Proso Millet ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Extension Center

Abstract. Evaluation of the postharvest properties of nine proso millet cultivars was carried out to determine their physical and engineering properties, which are very useful for designing appropriate systems for process operations such as sorting, drying, heating, cooling, and milling. Nine cultivars of proso millet comprising waxy and non-waxy types, namely Cope, Earlybird, Huntsman, Minco, Plateau, Sunrise, Rise, Dawn, and Panhandle, were obtained from the Panhandle Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska, Scottsbluff. Results showed significant (p < 0.05) differences in their physical properties, such as sphericity, volume, bulk density, porosity, and angle of repose, which ranged from 0.86 to 0.91, from 3.94 to 5.14 mm3, from 765.49 to 809.67 kg m-3, from 42.49% to 44.20%, and from 22.98° to 25.74°, respectively. The cultivars were also evaluated for their pasting and gelatinization properties, and high correlation was found between amylose content and onset temperature (r = -0.94), peak gelatinization temperature (r = -0.92), peak viscosity (r = 0.84), final viscosity (r = 0.91), and setback viscosity (r = 0.90). The understanding of these basic physical and functional properties of proso millet cultivars will form the foundation for processing them into value-added products. Keywords: Chemical properties, Pasting properties, Proso millet.

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Mutu Fisik Dan Teknik Pematahan Dormansi Benih Kayu Kuku (Pericopsis mooniana (Thw.) Thw.)

Journal of Tropical Silviculture ◽

10.29244/j-siltrop.11.3.199-205 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 199-205

Author(s):

Arum Sekar Wulandari ◽

Afrida Rizka Farzana

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Cold Water ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Seed Moisture Content ◽

Physical Quality ◽

Seed Moisture ◽

Breaking Seed Dormancy ◽

Short Time ◽

Number Of Seeds

The presence of Pericopsis mooniana (Thw.) Thw. in nature is endangered. Meanwhile, Pericopsis mooniana plants have its obstacles in generative propagation because the seeds have mechanical dormancy. Studies carried out to: (1) observe the morphology of pods, seeds and sprouts of Pericopsis mooniana; (2) determine the physical quality of Pericopsis mooniana seeds, and (3) analyze the proper dormancy breaking treatment for Pericopsis mooniana seeds. Research is conducted in laboratories and in greenhouses. The physical quality of the seeds measured was the weight of 1,000 seeds and the moisture content. The treatment for breaking the dormancy of the Pericopsis mooniana seeds were control, scarification of the seeds using nail clippers and soaking in hot to cold water for 48 hours. Morphologically, the fruit of Pericopsis mooniana is pod-shaped, with orange seeds, oval-shaped and curved edges. Pericopsis mooniana sprouts include in the epigeal type. In 1 kg of weight there are ± 4,000 Pericopsis mooniana seeds, with the post harvest seed moisture content amounting to 7.62%. The dormancy breaking treatment of Pericopsis mooniana seeds increased seeds germination by 60% compared to controls. The scarification of Pericopsis mooniana seeds using nail clippers for breaking mechanical dormancy is the best treatment because it can increase the number of seeds germinating in a short time and simultaneously. Key words: breaking seed dormancy, morphology, Pericopsis mooniana, physical quality, seed scarificatio

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Estimation of Amarogentin content and standardization of different samples of Chirata collected from crude drug markets of Nepal

Journal of Ayurveda Campus ◽

10.51648/jac.50 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Bishun Dayal Prasad Patel ◽

Shyam Babu Yadav ◽

Shiv Mangal Prasad ◽

Kanti Shrestha ◽

Narendranath Tiwari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Chemical Constituent ◽

Local Market ◽

Foreign Matter ◽

Swertia Chirayita ◽

Bitter Principle ◽

Main Indicator ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Major Chemical ◽

Over Exploitation

Background: Amarogentin is a major chemical constituent of bitter principle found in Swertia chirayita (Roxb.ex Fleming) Karsten; family Gentianaceae. Chirata is an endangered species because of it’s over exploitation for pharmaceutical industries. These species are mainly found in the Himalayas and used for gastritis, diabetes, jaundice, urinary disorders, liver disorders, etc. The bitter principle as a main indicator of the medical herb, Nowadays, other species of Swertia are substituted and traded by the name of Chirata. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to estimate Amarogentin and to standardize Chirata samples collected from different markets of Nepal in 2013 A.D. Method and Materials: Different market samples of the species were analyzed for foreign matter, moisture content, extractive values; and bitter principles i.e. Amarogentin by using UFLC at Pacific Analytical Laboratory and Training Center, Lalitpur, Nepal. Result: The findings revealed that foreign matter, moisture content, extractive values; and bitter principles i.e. Amarogentin content varied with different market samples. Methonolic extraction yielded higher percentage of extracts than that of chloroform extraction. Samples including more root and stem, in general, contained higher Amarogentin than samples containing more leaves. The samples containing higher moisture content were lesser in Amarogentin content. The finding of Amarogentin of sample collected from Charikot, Dolkha was 3mg/100gm.Conclusion: In this study, the findings suggest that sample collected from local market of Charikot, Dolkha district was Swertia chirayita and was the best quality.

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DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF TIGER NUT (Cyperus esculentus) RELEVANT TO ITS MECHANIZATION

International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology ◽

10.33564/ijeast.2020.v05i08.012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Tega A Emurigho ◽

Canice O.O Kabuo ◽

Arinze N Ifegbo

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Static Friction ◽

Major Axis ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

Cyperus Esculentus ◽

Mean Values ◽

Principal Axes ◽

Length Width ◽

The Mean

The physical and engineering properties of fresh and dried tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) were determined at moisture content of 41.20% and 16.40% on wet basis respectively. The mean values for the three principal axes (length, width and thickness) were 9.52mm, 8.16mm, and 8.16mm for fresh tiger nut and 9.14mm, 7.72mm and 8.03mm for dried tiger nut respectively, showing a decrease with decrease in moisture content and was significantly different at p?0.05. The mean values of the bulk density, true density and porosity of both fresh and dried tiger nut were 0.59g/cm3 , 0.97g/cm3 , 40.61 and 0.58g/cm3, 0.94g/cm3 , 40.35 respectively and were not significantly different at p?0.05. The mean angle of repose and coefficient of static friction over formica, stainless steel, glass and plywood surfaces of fresh tiger nut were 50.11o , 2.73, 2.45, 2.22 and 1.77 while that of dried tiger nut were 48.23o , 2.41, 2.03, 2.11 and 2.00 respectively. The mean rupture force increased with compression force of 90.08N on the major axis to 116.88N for fresh tiger nut and from 120.55N to 161.10N for dried tiger nut and were significantly different at p?0.05. These properties determined are necessary in the design and fabrication of hoppers, conveyor equipment and the force tiger nut can withstand before it is ruptured.

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Effect of Moisture Content on Selected Physical and Mechanical Properties of Two Varieties of Tigernut (Cyperus spp)

Journal of Food Research ◽

10.5539/jfr.v2n6p24 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

A. S. Oyerinde ◽

A. P. Olalusi

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Average Length ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Static Friction ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Tuber Weight ◽

Porosity Coefficient ◽

Effect Of Moisture

<p>The effect of moisture content on some physical and mechanical properties of two varieties of tigernuts (<em>Cyperus esculentus</em>) was investigated. These properties include: geometric dimensions, linear dimensions, 1000 tuber weight, bulk density, tuber size, sphericity, angle of repose, porosity, coefficient of static friction and compressive strength. The moisture content levels used were 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40% wet basis (wb), and the two tigernut varieties used were yellow and brown types. The linear dimension, geometric diameter, sphericity, 1000- tuber weight, bulk density and angle of repose in both varieties increased with increasing moisture content. The average length, width and thickness of the yellow variety increases more than the brown variety at the determined moisture contents. True density of the yellow variety increased while the brown variety decreased with increase in moisture content. The porosity of the yellow variety reduces with increase in moisture content from 45.95 at 20% mc to 42.4 at 40% mc, while the brown variety decreased from 42.72 at 20% mc to 30.77 at 40% moisture content. The yellow variety had bigger size tubers than the brown variety and this has serious implications in packing, handling and transportation issues.</p>

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A Comparative Analysis of the Flow Properties between Two Alumina-Based Dry Powders

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2013/519846 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Milene Minniti de Campos ◽

Maria do Carmo Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Internal Friction ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Ceramic Powder ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Wall Friction ◽

Flow Index ◽

Alumina Powder ◽

Flow Properties ◽

Angle Of Internal Friction

We measured and compared the flow properties of two alumina-based powders. The alumina powder (AP) is irregularly shaped and has a smooth surface and moisture content of 0.16% (d.b.), and the ceramic powder (CP), obtained after atomization in a spray dryer, is spherical and has a rough surface and moisture content of 1.07%. We measured the Hausner ratio (HR), the static angle of repose (AoR), the flow index (FI), the angle of internal friction, and the wall's friction angle. The properties measured using aerated techniques (AoR and HR) demonstrated that AP presents true cohesiveness (and therefore a difficult flow), while CP presents some cohesiveness and its flow might be classified as half way between difficult and easy flow. Their FI values, which were obtained using a nonaerated technique, enable us to classify the alumina as cohesive and the ceramic powder as an easy-flow powder. The large mean diameter and morphological characteristics of CP reduce interparticle forces and improve flowability, in spite of the higher moisture content of their granules. The angles of internal friction and of wall friction were not significantly different when comparing the two powders.

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Study on some engineering attributes of pine nut (Pinus pinea) to the design of processing equipment

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/49/2009-rae ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 99-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

S.M.T. Gharibzahedi ◽

V. Etemad ◽

J. Mirarab-Razi ◽

M. Fos hat

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Seed Mass ◽

Static Friction ◽

Terminal Velocity ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

Pine Nut ◽

Length Width ◽

Glass Surfaces

Moisture-dependent engineering properties of pine nut were studied at 6.3, 8.2, 10.8, 14.5, 18.9, and 20.1% moisture content (dry basis). The length, width, thickness, and geometric mean diameter increased significantly (P < 0.05) from 21.75 to 21.85 mm, 7.39 to 7.47 mm, 6.07 to 6.14 mm, and 9.89 to 9.98 mm, respectively, with an increase in moisture content from 6.3% to 20.1%, whereas the increase in sphericity from 45.49% to 45.69% was not significant. Similarly, thousand seed mass, true density, porosity, terminal velocity, and angle of repose increased (P < 0.05) from 0.85 to 0.93 kg, 1043.3 to 1071 kg/m3, 41.31% to 44.57%, 8.67 to 8.83 m/s, and 35.4° to 39°, respectively, with an increase in moisture content under the experimental condition. Moreover, the bulk density decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from 612.3 to 593.6 kg/m3. Coefficient of static friction increased (P < 0.05) from 0.251 to 0.292, 0.241 to 0.271, 0.227 to 0.262, and 0.218 to 0.247 on plywood, galvanized iron sheet, stainless steel, and glass surfaces, respectively, with an increase in moisture content from 6.3% to 20.1%.

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Measurement of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Russian Olive (Elaeagnus Angustifolia L.) Fruit

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1515/ijfe-2014-0066 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 91-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Hossein Nadian ◽

Mohammad Hossein Abbaspour-fard

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Shear Mode ◽

Russian Olive ◽

Double Shear

Abstract The effect of moisture content on some properties of two varieties (Meymeh and Maragheh) of Russian olives was studied. The physical and mechanical properties including: dimensions, geometric mean diameter, thousand mass, volume, sphericity, surface area, true and bulk densities, porosity, angle of repose, coefficient of friction, rupture force, and rupture energy. The changes of moisture content levels from 17% to 25% (w.b.) indicated a statistically significant effect on all studied physical properties, except bulk density for Russian olive fruits. Shearing force was applied to the fruit using a testing machine in double shear mode. Shear strength and shearing energy increased with increase of loading rate; however, they were higher in Meymeh variety than Maragheh variety. Therefore, the lowest loading rate, with up to about 10 mm/min is desirable to design a suitable pulverizing mill in the herbal medicine industries.

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