scholarly journals Estimation of Amarogentin content and standardization of different samples of Chirata collected from crude drug markets of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Bishun Dayal Prasad Patel ◽  
Shyam Babu Yadav ◽  
Shiv Mangal Prasad ◽  
Kanti Shrestha ◽  
Narendranath Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Foreign Matter ◽  
Swertia Chirayita ◽  
Bitter Principle ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Over Exploitation

Background: Amarogentin is a major chemical constituent of bitter principle found in Swertia chirayita (Roxb.ex Fleming) Karsten; family Gentianaceae. Chirata is an endangered species because of it’s over exploitation for pharmaceutical industries. These species are mainly found in the Himalayas and used for gastritis, diabetes, jaundice, urinary disorders, liver disorders, etc. The bitter principle as a main indicator of the medical herb, Nowadays, other species of Swertia are substituted and traded by the name of Chirata. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to estimate Amarogentin and to standardize Chirata samples collected from different markets of Nepal in 2013 A.D. Method and Materials: Different market samples of the species were analyzed for foreign matter, moisture content, extractive values; and bitter principles i.e. Amarogentin by using UFLC at Pacific Analytical Laboratory and Training Center, Lalitpur, Nepal. Result: The findings revealed that foreign matter, moisture content, extractive values; and bitter principles i.e. Amarogentin content varied with different market samples. Methonolic extraction yielded higher percentage of extracts than that of chloroform extraction. Samples including more root and stem, in general, contained higher Amarogentin than samples containing more leaves. The samples containing higher moisture content were lesser in Amarogentin content. The finding of Amarogentin of sample collected from Charikot, Dolkha was 3mg/100gm.Conclusion: In this study, the findings suggest that sample collected from local market of Charikot, Dolkha district was Swertia chirayita and was the best quality.

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL EVALUATION OF JUSTICIA GENDARUSSA BURM.

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (06) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
◽  
K. L. Krishna ◽  
K. Mruthunjaya
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Chinese Traditional Medicine ◽  
Foreign Matter ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Evergreen Shrub

Justicia gendarussa (JG) is a shade-loving, quick-growing, evergreen shrub mostly found in moist areas,which grows along the beds of streams in the Himalayas. In Indian and Chinese traditional medicine,the leaf of the plant is recommended to treat ailments such as fever, hemiplegia, rheumatism, arthritis, headache, earache, muscle pain, respiratory disorders and digestive trouble. The physicochemical and pharmacognostical evaluation was carried out according to the official methods mentioned in The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. The parameters such as foreign matter, ash value, moisture content were determined. Qualitative analysis of different phytochemicals present in the plant was done and powder microscopical characters were recorded. The microscopical feature of leaf of Justicia gendarussais reported. In the study, an attempt is made to fix the standards for Justicia gendarussa, which can be utilised in identification and authentification of purity of the plant.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostic Study and Quantifiction of Active Component (Amarogentin) Of Swertia Chirayita by HPLC

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Swertia Chirayita ◽  
Whole Plant

The present study deals with comparative pharmacognostic parameters involving moisture content, ash values, extractive values and quantification of active component (Amarogentin) in whole plant of two different sites of Garhwal [Chakrata (CK) and Kaddukhal(KK)] in Uttarakhand of Swertia chirayita have been carried out. The quantification of amarogentin evaluated by HPLC, results indicate that Chakrata site has higher percentage of amarogentin than Kaddukhal site. Adulteration and substitution of medicinal plants can be prohibited by standardization and authentication.

Commercial special bread: Evaluation of texture, color, moisture content, water activity and nutritional labeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
Rafaiane Macedo Guimarães ◽  
Lílian Moreira Costa ◽  
Osvaldo Resende ◽  
Mariana Buranelo Egea ◽  
Katiuchia Pereira Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Whole Wheat Flour ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cielab System ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
Bread Crust

Three types of special bread (WB: bread with whole-wheat flour, LWB: ‘light’ bread with whole-wheat flour, and MB: bread with multi-cereals) were purchased in the local market, and moisture content was analyzed as well as the following parameters water activity (aw), instrumental texture, and instrumental color of the bread (crust and crumb) using spectrophotometer with CIELab system (n=10). The chroma or C * value and the hue angle were also calculated. The labels of the bread were analyzed according to Resolution-RDC nº 360, which provides information about nutritional labeling of packaged foods. The three breads presented in their composition whole wheat flour and wheat fiber, which are indispensable ingredients for the loaves to be considered "special bread". The compression force applied to cause disruption in the bread was higher in WB (3.88 N) without significant difference with MB (3.79 N) and lower in LWB (2.85 N). The color parameters of the breads showed that WB was darker (lower value of L * = 34.44 in the crust) than the others.

Assessment of Selected Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Analysis of Sweet Potato Tubers Collected From Tepi Market, Southwestern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shisho Haile
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Crude Fiber Content

Abstract Sweet potato is primarily used for nutrition and medicinal purposes. This study was done to determine proximate analysis and anti-nutritional factors of sweet potato tubers. The sample was randomly purchased fromTepi local market. Then it was analyzed for moisture content, ash content, crude fiber content, oxalate content and acid content. The result of the study showed that 87.6% moisture content, 7.5% ash content, 7.46 mg/100 gm oxalate content, 4.3% crude fiber content and 0.09 M acid content.

scholarly journals Study of Myrsine capitellata wall in forest areas of Paiyunpata Village, Baglung, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Hom Nath Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Ecological Parameters ◽  
Over Exploitation

Present study focuses on ecology of Myrsine capitellata Wall. and its rapid decline due to over-exploitation in forests of Paiyunpata Village, Baglung district. Ecological parameters like importance value, species diversity, etc. have been studied. Besides, soil characters and causes and consequences of its deforestation have been discussed. The Myrsine capitellata Wall. is important forest component of the study area. Community diversity is less in North facing slope than in south facing slope. Soil is acidic, with high WHC value, low moisture content and sandy type of texture. After this study, it is recommended to begin for the extensive plantation and other conservation efforts of Myrsine before being extinct. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10504 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 55-62

Procedures for Moisture Analytical Tests Used in Cotton Ginning Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1985-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Funk ◽  
Albert A. Terrazas ◽  
Kathleen M. Yeater ◽  
Robert G. Hardin ◽  
Carlos B. Armijo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Foreign Matter ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Cotton Sample ◽  
Air Freight

Abstract. Cotton post-harvest processing research requires moisture content determination for seed cotton, cottonseed, and lint. Methods for determining moisture content have changed and are no longer consistent between laboratories. This research compared standard procedures documented in 1972 and those currently practiced for finding moisture content by oven drying, and quantified the variability. Seed cotton from four modern cultivars (ranging from 9.4% to 36.8% foreign matter), lint, and cottonseed were brought from dry conditions, blended, and then stored for more than 30 days in a controlled environment (21°C, 65% RH) to reach uniform moisture content. Additionally, 150 seed cotton samples were placed in plastic zipper bags and sent by air freight to a distant location and back or stored on-site. Drying baskets (652 cm3) were loaded, in random order, with 25, 35, 50, 71, and 100 g seed cotton or 10, 14, 20, 28, and 40 g lint. Cottonseed was placed in 45 cm3 aluminum cups (10 g) or 800 cm3 aluminum baskets (50 g). Wet weights were determined in the controlled environment. After drying, replicated sets of seed cotton, lint, and cottonseed samples were weighed inside a drying oven and then outside the oven while still hot. Some samples were dried for twice the recommended duration. Sample location in the ovens was tracked. Weighing hot seed cotton samples outside the oven after drying increased apparent moisture content by approximately 0.5% due to air buoyancy; weighing lint samples outside the oven increased apparent moisture content by 1%. Smaller differences in apparent seed cotton moisture content were found when halving or doubling the amount of material in drying baskets or doubling the drying duration. Foreign matter had a minor influence on apparent moisture content. Storage for three days and shipping by air freight in plastic zipper bags did not measurably change the apparent moisture content of seed cotton. Sample location within the drying oven made no difference. Current practices are satisfactory if dry weight location is taken into consideration. Measurement uncertainty has decreased compared to 50 years ago, but the recommended minimum number of samples per treatment was increased slightly for greater statistical power. Keywords: Cotton lint, Cottonseed, Moisture content, Oven drying, Seed cotton.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Properties of Siparuna guianensis Essential Oil and a Molecular Docking and Dynamics Molecular Study of its Major Chemical Constituent

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3852
Author(s):  
Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira ◽  
Jorddy Neves da Cruz ◽  
Wanessa Almeida da Costa ◽  
Sebastião Gomes Silva ◽  
Mileide da Paz Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Target Proteins ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Catalytic Sites ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The essential oil of Siparuna guianensis was obtained by hydrodistillation. The identification of the chemical compounds was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Antimicrobial activity was investigated for four microorganisms: Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 3440), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 4083), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Candida albicans (ATCC-10231). The studies of doping and molecular dynamics were performed with the molecule that presented the highest concentration of drug–target proteins, 1IYL (C. albicans), 1C14 (E. coli), 2WE5 (E. faecalis), and 4TQX (S. mutans). The main compounds identified were: Curzerene (7.1%), γ-Elemene (7.04%), Germacrene D (7.61%), trans-β-Elemenone (11.78%), and Atractylone (18.65%). Gram positive bacteria and fungi were the most susceptible to the effects of the essential oil. The results obtained in the simulation showed that the major compound atractylone interacts with the catalytic sites of the target proteins, forming energetically favourable systems and remaining stable during the period of molecular dynamics.

The insect infestation of sorghum stored in granaries in Northern Nigeria

1964 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Giles
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Maximum Moisture Content

The majority of sorghum in Northern Nigeria is stored unthreshed in farmers' granaries made of dried mud or plant materials such as grass matting and cereal stems. During the course of survey work and insecticide trials in 1959–61 it was possible to examine many samples of unthreshed sorghum from granaries throughout Northern Nigeria. It was found that the distribution of insect species within the Region is not uniform. Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Sitotroga cerealella (Ol.) are the major pests. Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. was found only in the southernmost area. Heavy infestations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Lasioderma serricorne (F.), Cryptolestes ugandae Steel & Howe, Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauv.), Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.) and T. confusum Duv. usually occur. Attagenus gloriosae (F.), Ahasverus advena (Waltl), Palorus ficicola (Woll.), P. ratzeburgi (Wissm.) and P. subdcpressus (Woll.) are occasionally important.R. dominica, Bruchidius sp., G. ugandae, Planolestes cornutus (Grouv.), S. oryzae, Brachypeplus sp., T. castaneum, Sitotroga cerealella (all of which occurred on the standing crop), L. serricorne, Typhaea stercorea (L.), O. mercator, Palorus spp. and Tribolium confusum were found in sorghum sampled before storage. Insects from infested stores were found to infest sorghum growing nearby. Prestorage infestation alone can result in subsequent heavy populations of insects in the store. Cross-infestation between granaries almost certainly occurs.Under Samaru conditions, where sorghum is harvested in November–December, insect populations remain at a low level in granary-stored unthreshed sorghum until after June, when the moisture content rises in the rainy season. In sorghum stored for nine months in provincial trials, more damage occurred during the last three months than during the previous six months of storage.Sorghum heads stored in granaries made of plant materials such as grass matting and cereal stems are more severely damaged by insects than those stored in dried-mud granaries. This is probably due to a higher rate of immigration in the former.In threshed grain stored in a mud granary, moisture content and damage by the most abundant insect, Sitophilus oryzae, decreased with depth. The insect population rose to a peak in November, two months after the maximum moisture content. The numbers fell rapidly during the following dry season. The annual cycle of insect damage was also assessed by taking fortnightly samples of threshed grain from a local market. S. oryzae was the most numerous insect, but even this species was uncommon from December to May, during the dry season.

Anticancer activity and mechanism of juglone on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 1553-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Anheng Liu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xingyu Zhao ◽  
Shijie Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Parp Cleavage ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Dose Dependent

Induction of apoptosis in tumor cells has become the major focus of anti-tumor therapeutics development. Juglone, a major chemical constituent of Juglans mandshurica Maxim, possesses several bioactivities, including anti-tumor. In the present study, HeLa cells were incubated with juglone at various concentrations. The proliferation inhibition of juglone on HeLa cells was tested by the MTT assay. Occurrence of apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy. The expression of apoptotic-related proteins was examined by Western blot. The results showed that juglone inhibits the growth of HeLa cells in dose–dependent manner. Topical morphological changes of apoptotic body formation after juglone treatment were observed. The percentages of early apoptosis of Annexin V-FITC were 5.23%, 7.95%, 10.69%, and 20.92% with the concentrations of juglone (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µmol/L), respectively. After cells were treated with juglone at the different dose for 24 h, the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly down-regulated and the expression of Bax was significantly up-regulated compared with the control. These events paralleled with activation of caspase-9, -8, -3, and PARP cleavage. The results suggest that juglone may be effective for the treatment of HeLa cells.

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